scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF IRRIGATION STRATEGIES ON PEACH FRUIT GROWTH AND FINAL SIZE

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 572e-572
Author(s):  
R. Scott Johnson ◽  
Claude Phene ◽  
Charles Medawar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Final Size ◽  
Peach Fruit ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Peach Trees

Six irrigation strategies were imposed on a block of O'Henry peach trees irrigated by fanjets. Treatments received different percentages of ET during the various stages of fruit growth and postharvest. ET was estimated by a large weighing lysimeter containing 2 trees and located in the center of the block. Fruit diameters were measured weekly and final fruit weights were determined at harvest. Adjusted fruit weights were estimated by statistically adjusting each treatment to the same fruit load. Adjusted fruit weight correlated well with soil water content during the month before harvest but not during early stages of fruit growth. Treatments which applied 50% ET during early stages of fruit growth showed reduced fruit size at that time. However, with applications of 150% ET during the final fruit growth stage, fruit size recovered. Adjusted fruit weight also correlated with measures of tree water status including midday leaf water potential and canopy temperature.

scholarly journals Rootstock Effects on Growth, Cell Number, and Cell Size of `Gala' Apples

2004 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahya K. Al-Hinai ◽  
Teryl R. Roper
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Final Size ◽  
Load Effects

The effects of rootstock on growth of fruit cell number and size of `Gala' apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh) were investigated over three consecutive seasons (2000-02) growing on Malling 26 (M.26), Ottawa-3, Pajam-1, and Vineland (V)-605 rootstocks at the Peninsular Agricultural Research Station near Sturgeon Bay, WI. Fruit growth as a function of cell division and expansion was monitored from full bloom until harvest using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cell count and cell size measurements showed that rootstock had no affect on fruit growth and final size even when crop load effects were removed. Cell division ceased about 5 to 6 weeks after full bloom (WAFB) followed by cell expansion. Fruit size was positively correlated (r2 = 0.85) with cell size, suggesting that differences in fruit size were primarily a result of changes in cell size rather than cell number or intercellular space (IS).

scholarly journals Temperature Has a Greater Effect on Fruit Growth than Defoliation or Fruit Thinning in Strawberries in the Subtropics

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Menzel
Keyword(s):  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Fruit size declines in strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) as the season progresses in many subtropical areas, possibly due to inadequate leaf area, over-cropping, or high temperatures. An experiment was conducted to investigate the importance of these factors on fruit growth in ‘Festival’ in Queensland, Australia. Groups of plants were defoliated to remove half of the mature leaves on each plant, thinned to remove all the inflorescences on each plant, or defoliated and thinned. Control plants were left intact. Defoliation, thinning, or defoliation + thinning decreased yield (total and/or marketable) by 15% to 24% compared with the control. Defoliation, or defoliation + thinning decreased average fruit weight (total and/or marketable fruit) by 1 to 2 g compared with the control, whereas thinning had the opposite effect. The incidence of small fruit increased towards the end of the season. There were strong relationships between fruit weight and average daily mean temperature in the seven weeks before harvest (R2s greater than 0.80). Fruit weight decreased from 24 g to 8 g as the temperature increased from 16 °C to 20 °C. This response was not affected by defoliation or thinning. The strong effect of temperature on fruit size indicates a problem for production in the future in the absence of heat-tolerant cultivars.

scholarly journals Flowering period and fruit quality of peach trees selections and cultivars in the metropolitan region of Curitiba

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giselda Alves ◽  
Jhulia Gelain ◽  
Gloria Soriano Vidal ◽  
Cristiano Nunes Nesi ◽  
Louise Larissa May De Mio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Peach Trees

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the flowering period and the physicochemical characteristics of peaches, aiming to find those most promising for the diversification of the peach crop in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba, Paraná State. We evaluated 8 selections and three cultivars in Porto Amazonas and 10 cultivars in Araucaria for flowering period, fruit set, diameter and height of fruit, average fruit weight, the skin color, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), ratio SS/ TA, hydrogen potential (pH). The flowering period occurred between late June and late September ranging from 16 to 25 days. The fruit set rate was greater than 50% for ‘Cascata 1513’, ‘Cascata 1429’, ‘Cascata 1577’, ‘Cascata 1743’ and for all cultivars in Araucaria. There were significant differences for the other variables assessed. It was concluded that in Araucária, ‘Charme’ and ‘Chimarrita’ are good planting options, have the same duration of the cycle (111 days), being ‘Charme’ a little later. Besides these, ‘Douradão’ and ‘Rubimel’ have good fruit size, moderate acidity and best SS/TA ratio, being earlier than the previous ones. ‘PS 25399’ is the earliest and showed reddish epidermis and great consumer interest. In Porto Amazonas, selections and cultivars tested produced little fruit of small size, being required more studies to be recommended in these area.

scholarly journals Association between Fruit Development and Mature Fruit Drop in Huanglongbing-affected Sweet Orange

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 851-857
Author(s):  
Lisa Tang ◽  
Sukhdeep Singh ◽  
Tripti Vashisth
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Mature Fruit ◽  
Callose Deposition ◽  
Immature Fruit ◽  
Fruit Drop

In the past decade, FL citrus industry has been struck by Huanglongbing (HLB), a disease caused by the phloem-limited bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas). Besides tree decline, HLB causes a sharp increase in mature fruit drop before harvest, leading to a substantial reduction in citrus production. The aim of the study was to provide insights in HLB-associated mature fruit drop. For HLB-affected ‘Valencia’ and ‘Hamlin’ sweet orange (Citrus sinensis), trees exhibiting severe symptoms (“severe trees”) had a significantly higher rate of mature fruit drop compared with mildly symptomatic ones (“mild trees”). Interestingly, dropped fruit were smaller than those still attached to tree branches regardless of the symptom levels of trees; overall, fruit of severe trees were smaller than mild trees. The result suggests a negative effect of HLB on fruit growth that may lead to a high incidence to drop subsequently at maturity. This possibility is further supported by the difference in immature fruit size as early as 2 months after bloom between severe and mild trees. Although HLB-triggered phloem plugging due to callose deposition in citrus leaves, which results in disrupted carbohydrate transport, has been documented in literature, the results of the histological analysis demonstrated no consistent pattern of callose deposition in the mature fruit pedicel in relation to the drop incidence. Additionally, sugar concentration in juice was not significantly different between dropped and attached fruit, providing evidence that carbohydrate shortage is not the case for dropped fruit and thus not the predominant cause of HLB-associated mature fruit drop. Notably, the midday water potential was significantly lower for severe than mild trees during the preharvest period (2 weeks before harvest of the current crop) in late March, which was also the second week after full bloom of return flowering. This suggests that altered tree water status due to HLB might limit fruit growth during the initial stage of fruit development (immediately after flowering) and/or increase the incidence of mature fruit abscission, leading to elevated preharvest fruit drop. Together, the results suggest that in the presence of HLB, strategies to increase fruit size and minimize additional stresses (especially drought) for the trees may improve mature fruit retention.

scholarly journals Physiological Factors and their Relationship with the Productivity of Processing Tomato under Different Water Supplies

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eszter Nemeskéri ◽  
András Neményi ◽  
András Bőcs ◽  
Zoltán Pék ◽  
Lajos Helyes
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Fruit Setting

Measurement of physiological traits can be used to monitor plant water status, for irrigation scheduling or to predict the expected yield in open-field production of vegetables. This study evaluates the changes in stomatal conductance, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), and canopy temperature at different stages of development of processing tomato to show their relationships with the yield and quality under well-irrigated, deficit irrigated, and non-irrigated conditions. Under non-irrigated conditions, during flowering with fruit setting and early fruit development the highest canopy temperature, lowest stomatal conductance, and Fv/Fm were measured, while the SPAD value was the highest. Under this condition, the correlation between the SPAD value, fruit weight, and marketing yield was positive, but it was negative with the total soluble solid (°Brix). During flowering with fruit setting, under deficit irrigation conditions a close significant positive correlation was found between the SPAD value and the fruit weight, marketing yield, and vitamin C content of fruits. During this period, under regularly irrigated conditions, the SPAD, Fv/Fm, and canopy temperature related to stomatal conductance. Stomatal conductance had significant influence on yield and quality under non-irrigated and well-irrigated conditions while the SPAD value and canopy temperature had significant influence on under deficit irrigated conditions.

scholarly journals BIOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF 'CATHERINE SEL 1' PEACH CULTIVAR IN SEMIARID ENVIRONMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 381-386
Author(s):  
Leinar Septar ◽  
Cristina Moale ◽  
Ion Caplan ◽  
Luana Bocioroaga
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Peach Cultivar ◽  
Irrigation Application ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
The Impact

In arid and semi-arid regions, irrigation application is mandatory for modern fruit growing, but the optimal irrigation application requires large amounts of water. In the context of global warming, water saving is a major objective. Therefore, deficit irrigation (DI) is an attractive alternative. The plant studied was thirteen years old ‘Catherine Sel.1’ peach trees. The trees were grafted on franc rootstock and planted in a 4 m x 3 m layout. Soil management was represented by clean cultivation both between tree rows and in the row. Fruit size and weight are important qualities and yield traits in peach (Prunus persica (L) Batsch), but the factors that influence fruit size and weight remain to be explored. The fruit biometrical characteristics was influenced by the irrigation regime, with the irrigated treatment with 100% AHI (T1) showing significantly (P <5%) higher differences versus T2 and T3. As with fruit biometrical characteristics, the fruit weight determined on the fruits of the studied treatments had the same trend. In this study, we investigated the impact of stress hydric on fruit size and weight at 'Catherine sel 1' peach cultivar in 2019-2020 period.

scholarly journals Fruit Development in Saskatoon (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.)

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 682f-682
Author(s):  
Roisin McGarry ◽  
Jocelyn A. Ozga ◽  
Dennis M. Reinecke
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Growing Seasons

Saskatoon fruits, an emerging horticultural crop across the Canadian prairies, vary greatly in size among cultivars. In this study, we compare fruit development patterns among large, medium, and small fruited cultivars of saskatoon, and assess the role of seed number and pedicel diameter on fruit size. Fruit growth patterns of four cultivars (Thiessen, Northline, Regent, and Smoky) were determined from weekly measurements of fruit diameters and fresh and dry flower/fruit weights during two consecutive growing seasons. The developmental patterns of fruit growth determined using the above criteria were similar among cultivars and between years. At maturity, the largest fruits (fresh weight) obtained were from cv. Thiessen, followed by `Northline', `Smoky', and `Regent', in descending order. Pedicel diameters (one week prior to maturity) correlated linearly with increasing fruit diameter and fresh weight. At maturity, seed number per fruit correlated linearly with increasing fruit weight. Thiessen contained significantly more seeds per fruit (4.6) than `Northline' (3.7), `Smoky' (3.2), and `Regent' (3.2).

scholarly journals Rootstock Effects on Growth and Quality of `Gala' Apples

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1231-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahya K. Al-Hinai ◽  
Teryl R. Roper
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Final Size ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Load Effects

The effect of rootstock on apple size is not clear due to inconsistent results of published studies. This study was conducted over 3 years at the Peninsular Agricultural Research Station near Sturgeon Bay, WI on 6-year-old `Gala' apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh) grafted on Malling 26 (M.26), Ottawa 3, M.9 Pajam 1, and Vineland (V)-605 rootstocks. Fruit diameter was measured weekly. Fruit weight and volume were estimated by a quadratic regression of weekly measurements. Fruit weight was positively correlated with fruit volume. Rootstock had no effect on fruit growth and final size even with the removal of crop load effects. Crop load was a highly significant covariate for fruit size, but canopy light interception and seed count were not. Trees on M.26 EMLA had slightly higher yield in 2000 but rootstock did not affect yield efficiency any year. Rootstock had no influence on fruit quality attributes during 2001; however, in 2002, fruit obtained from trees on Pajam-1 tended to be less firm. Generally, apple fruit size was influenced by crop load and other factors, but not by rootstock.

scholarly journals Effect of Reflective Fabric on Yield of Mature ‘d’Anjou’ Pear Trees

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 1580-1585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd C. Einhorn ◽  
Janet Turner ◽  
Debra Laraway
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Final Size ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Fruit Number

Reflective fabric was installed before bloom in 2009 and 2010 in alleyways of a mature, low-density ‘Anjou’ pear orchard (269 trees/ha). Four treatments were applied to study intracanopy light environments on fruit growth rate and size, cropload, yield, and fruit quality: 1) no fabric (NF); 2) partial-season fabric applied before full bloom (FB) and removed 75 days after full bloom (dafb) (PSF); 3) full-season fabric applied before FB and removed at harvest (FSF); and 4) shadecloth (60%) applied 60 dafb through harvest (SC). PSF and FSF improved yield by 12% and 18%, respectively, over the two-year period relative to NF. The high yields of fabric treatments were attributed to fruit number in the lower (less than 2.4 m) interior, mid-, and exterior zones of the canopy. Photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) was increased by fabric 28%, 95%, and 30% in the lower exterior, mid-, and interior canopy, respectively. Photosynthesis:light response curves indicated improved carbon assimilation of pear leaves developing in the elevated PAR environment of the lower canopy. Fruit growth rate and final size were unaffected by fabric treatments. FSF fruit size was similar to NF despite higher fruit density. Compared with NF, FSF had a small, non-significant effect on fruit maturity (increased softening) at harvest. Yield and fruit size of SC fruit were significantly reduced. The number of fruit in SC trees did not differ from NF in 2009, but the effect of shade reduced fruit number in 2010. Fabric did not affect fruit quality attributes after three and six months of regular atmosphere cold storage. Pears from SC trees did not attain ripening capacity after three months of cold storage and a 7-day ripening period and had lower sugar content compared with other treatments. The cumulative yield advantages associated with FSF support its use in mature pear orchards.

Rootstock, severity of dormant pruning, and summer pruning influences on peach tree size, yield, and fruit quality

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Kappel ◽  
Michel Bouthillier
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Dormant Season ◽  
Peach Trees

Peach trees in British Columbia are pruned heavily during the dormant season with some potentially detrimental effects. Summer pruning has been used to control fruit tree vigor and improve fruit quality. The objective of this study was to reduce tree size, increase yield, and improve fruit color by using a less severe dormant pruning system and summer pruning prior to harvest. Over 4 yr, mature, self-rooted (micropropagated) Fairhaven peach trees and Fairhaven on Siberian C rootstock were subjected to two different dormant pruning regimes, with or without summer pruning. Yield, tree growth, pruning weights (dormant and summer) and fruit quality (size and color) measurements were recorded annually. There were no differences in yields per tree for the two rootstocks or for the summer pruning treatments. The lighter ("long") dormant pruning increased yields but average fruit weight was higher in the heavier ("short") dormant pruning treatment. Summer pruning increased the amount of red color on the fruit but only slightly. Own-rooted trees were larger (tree height and ground area covered) than trees budded on Siberian C. Tree height was also increased by the lighter dormant pruning treatment. The partitioning index was higher for trees on Siberian C rootstock, "long" dormant pruned, or non- summer pruned trees. Key words:Prunus persica, fruit color, fruit size, partitioning index

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