scholarly journals In vitro Inhibitory Effects of Cyperus esculentus L. (Tiger Nut) Tubers on some Enzymes Associated with Neurodegeneration and Iron- Induced Lipid Peroxidation in Rats’ Brain Tissue Homogenate

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
Ayodeji Olabiyi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Tissue Homogenate ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Butyryl Cholinesterase ◽  
Radical Scavenging Ability ◽  
Brain Tissue Homogenate

This study investigated the inhibitory effect of Cyperus esculentus L. (raw and processed) tubers on Iron (Fe2+) induced lipid peroxidation and key enzymes linked with neurodegeneration in vitro. Ten grams of tiger nut tubers was weighed and added to 100 mL of distilled water (1:10 w/v), left for 24 h, filtered, centrifuged to obtain a clear supernatant and lyophilized. Activities of acetyl cholinesterase (AChE), butyryl cholinesterase (BChE), Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation as well as antioxidants status as indicated by 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid radical scavenging ability and Fe chelation were evaluated. Raw tiger nut extracts inhibited activities of AChE and BChE in the brain tissue of rats (0 – 11.54 mg /mL) with EC50 = 3.599 mg /mL and 2.71 ± 0.01 mg /mL respectively, and increased antioxidant activity when compared with the processed tuber. Inhibition on these enzymes as well as prevention of Fe2+ induced lipid peroxidation may be the possible mechanism of action by which tiger nut prevents neurodegeneration.

In vitro Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activity of the Stem Extracts from Graptopetalum paraguayense

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (02) ◽  
pp. 369-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Ju Chen ◽  
Jing-Gung Chung ◽  
Yun-Chin Chung ◽  
Su-Tze Chou
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Hep G2 ◽  
Hep G2 Cells ◽  
Inhibition Concentration ◽  
G1 Phase Arrest ◽  
Antioxidant Reactions

This study was aimed to evaluate the antioxidant abilities of water (SGWE), 50% ethanolic (SGE50) and 95% ethanolic (SGE95) extracts from the stem of Graptopetalum paraguayense, and the extract with the highest antioxidant activity was assayed for its inhibitory effect on proliferation of human hepatoma (Hep G2) cell line. Antioxidant abilities of extracts were assessed their radical-scavenging abilities and effects on Fe /ascorbate-induced lipid peroxidation in a liposome model system. The results of this study showed that antioxidant activities were increased with the increase of the extracts concentrations, and the activities correlated with both the total phenol and anthocyanin contents. A comparison of the 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) values of different antioxidant reactions revealed that SGWE was the more effective at scavenging superoxide anion radical and preventing lipid peroxidation than SGE50 and SGE95 ( p < 0.05). The flow cytometry results indicated that SGWE lowered cell viability, and induced G1 phase arrest and apoptosis in Hep G2 cells. These results demonstrated the antioxidatant and anti-hepatoma potential of stem of Graptopetalum paraguayense.

Phenolic and Flavonoids Analysis of Pomegranate Peel Extracts and their Antiniflammatory and Antioxidant Activities

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qabaha K. ◽  
Al-Rimawi F ◽  
Nusseibeh S. ◽  
Abbadi J J. ◽  
Abu-Lafi S.
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽  
Pomegranate Peel ◽  
Radical Scavenging Ability ◽  
Pomegranate Peel Extract ◽  
Peel Extract

An in-vitro evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of pomegranate peel extract from Palestine were investigated. In parallel, the total phenolic content (TPC) and the total flavonoids content (TFC) were measured. The antioxidant activities were determined spectrophotometrically by DPPH, FRAP, CUPRAC and the ABTS methods. The phenolic and flavonoid contents were separated and partially identified using HPLC and LC-MS. In-vitro inhibitory effect of the extract on production of Interlukin-6 (Il-6) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) by Lipopolysacaride (LPS)-induced polymorphonuclear Cells (PMNCs) was evaluated. Pomegranate peel extract was found to have strong antiinflamatory activity as revealed by the reduction in the levels of IL-6 and TNF-alfa. It was also found that it is rich in phenoloic and flavonoids that enhanced its reducing activity and free radical scavenging ability.

scholarly journals Water Extractable Phytochemicals from Peppers (Capsicumspp.) Inhibit Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase Activities and Prooxidants Induced Lipid Peroxidation in Rat BrainIn Vitro

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omodesola O. Ogunruku ◽  
Ganiyu Oboh ◽  
Ayokunle O. Ademosun
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Radical Scavenging Ability ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Anticholinesterase Properties

Background. This study sought to investigate antioxidant capacity of aqueous extracts of two pepper varieties (Capsicum annuumvar.accuminatum(SM) andCapsicum chinense(RO)) and their inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities.Methods. The antioxidant capacity of the peppers was evaluated by the 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging ability and ferric reducing antioxidant property. The inhibition of prooxidant induced lipid peroxidation and cholinesterase activities in rat brain homogenates was also evaluated.Results. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the total phenol contents of the unripe and ripeCapsicumspp. extracts. Ripe and unripe SM samples had significantly higher (P<0.05) ABTS*scavenging ability than RO samples, while the ripe fruits had significantly higher (P<0.05) ferric reducing properties in the varieties. Furthermore, the extracts inhibited Fe2+and quinolinic acid induced lipid peroxidation in rats brain homogenates in a dose-dependent manner. Ripe and unripe samples from SM had significantly higher AChE inhibitory abilities than RO samples, while there was no significant difference in the BuChE inhibitory abilities of the pepper samples.Conclusion. The antioxidant and anticholinesterase properties ofCapsicumspp. may be a possible dietary means by which oxidative stress and symptomatic cognitive decline associated with neurodegenerative conditions could be alleviated.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effect of Aqueous Extract of Stem Bark of Cissus populnea on Ferrous Sulphate- and Sodium Nitroprusside-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rat’s Testes In Vitro

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seun F. Akomolafe ◽  
Ganiyu Oboh ◽  
Afolabi A. Akindahunsi ◽  
Ayodele J. Akinyemi ◽  
Oluwatosin G. Tade
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Tissue Homogenate ◽  
Dependent Manner

Cissus populnea are plants associated with a myriad of medicinal uses in different parts of the world and are good sources of carotenoids, triterpenoids, and ascorbic acid. The antioxidant properties and inhibitory effect of water extractible phytochemicals from stem bark of C. populnea on FeSO4 and sodium nitroprusside- (SNP-) induced lipid peroxidation in rat testes were investigated in vitro. The results revealed that the extract was able to scavenge DPPH radical, chelate Fe2+ and also had a high reducing power. Furthermore, the incubation of the testes tissue homogenate in the presence of FeSO4 and SNP, respectively, caused a significant increase in the malondialdehyde (MDA) contents of the testes. However, the aqueous extract of the stem bark of C. populnea caused a significant decrease in the MDA contents of both Fe2+ (EC50 = 0.027 mg/mL) and SNP- (EC50 = 0.22 mg/mL) induced lipid peroxidation in the rat testes homogenates in a dose-dependent manner. The water extractible phytochemicals from C. populnea protect the testes from oxidative stress and this could be attributed to their high antioxidant activity: DPPH-scavenging ability, Fe2+-chelating and -reducing power. Therefore, oxidatively stress in testes could be potentially managed/prevented by this plant.

Curcumin-based antioxidant and glycohydrolase inhibitor compounds: Synthesis and in vitro appraisal of the dual activity against diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajjad Esmaeili ◽  
Nazanin Ghobadi ◽  
Donya Nazari ◽  
Alireza Pourhossein ◽  
Hassan Rasouli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Curcumin Derivatives ◽  
Reducing Power Assay

Background: Curcumin, as the substantial constituent of the turmeric plant (Curcuma longa), plays a significant role in the prevention of various diseases, including diabetes. It possesses ideal structure features as enzyme inhibitor, including a flexible backbone, hydrophobic nature, and several available hydrogen bond (H-bond) donors and acceptors. Objective: The present study aimed at synthesizing several novel curcumin derivatives and further evaluation of these compounds for possible antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties along with inhibitory effect against two carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes, α-amylase and α-glucosidase, as these enzymes are therapeutic targets for attenuation of postprandial hyperglycemia. Methods: Therefore, curcumin-based pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized and identified using an instrumental technique like NMR spectroscopy and then screened for antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory potential. Total antioxidant activity, reducing power assay and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH• ) radical scavenging activity were done to appraisal the antioxidant potential of these compounds in vitro. Results: Compounds L6-L9 showed higher antioxidant activity while L4, L9, L12 and especially L8 exhibited the best selectivity index (lowest α-amylase/α-glucosidase inhibition ratio). Conclusion: These antioxidant inhibitors may be potential anti-diabetic drugs, not only to reduce glycemic index but also to limit the activity of the major reactive oxygen species (ROS) producing pathways.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition, In Vitro and In Silico Antioxidant Potential of Melissa officinalis subsp. officinalis Essential Oil

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1081
Author(s):  
Matilda Rădulescu ◽  
Călin Jianu ◽  
Alexandra Teodora Lukinich-Gruia ◽  
Marius Mioc ◽  
Alexandra Mioc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Melissa Officinalis ◽  
Β Carotene

The investigation aimed to study the in vitro and in silico antioxidant properties of Melissa officinalis subsp. officinalis essential oil (MOEO). The chemical composition of MOEO was determined using GC–MS analysis. Among 36 compounds identified in MOEO, the main were beta-cubebene (27.66%), beta-caryophyllene (27.41%), alpha-cadinene (4.72%), caryophyllene oxide (4.09%), and alpha-cadinol (4.07%), respectively. In vitro antioxidant properties of MOEO have been studied in 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical scavenging, and inhibition of β-carotene bleaching assays. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for the radical scavenging abilities of ABTS and DPPH were 1.225 ± 0.011 μg/mL and 14.015 ± 0.027 μg/mL, respectively, demonstrating good antioxidant activity. Moreover, MOEO exhibited a strong inhibitory effect (94.031 ± 0.082%) in the β-carotene bleaching assay by neutralizing hydroperoxides, responsible for the oxidation of highly unsaturated β-carotene. Furthermore, molecular docking showed that the MOEO components could exert an in vitro antioxidant activity through xanthine oxidoreductase inhibition. The most active structures are minor MOEO components (approximately 6%), among which the highest affinity for the target protein belongs to carvacrol.

scholarly journals GC-MS Based Identification of the Volatile Components of Six Astragalus Species from Uzbekistan and Their Biological Activity

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Haidy A. Gad ◽  
Nilufar Z. Mamadalieva ◽  
Stefan Böhmdorfer ◽  
Thomas Rosenau ◽  
Gokhan Zengin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Predominant Component ◽  
Clear Differentiation

The compositions of volatile components in the aerial parts of six Astragalus species, namely A. campylotrichus (Aca), A. chiwensis (Ach), A. lehmannianus (Ale), A. macronyx (Ama), A. mucidus (Amu) and A. sieversianus (Asi), were investigated using gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Ninety-seven metabolites were identified, accounting for 73.28, 87.03, 74.38, 87.93, 85.83, and 91.39% of Aca, Ach, Ale, Ama, Amu and Asi whole oils, respectively. Sylvestrene was the most predominant component in Asi, Amu and Ama, with highest concentration in Asi (64.64%). In addition, (E)-2-hexenal was present in a high percentage in both Ale and Ach (9.97 and 10.1%, respectively). GC-MS based metabolites were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchal cluster analysis (HCA) to explore the correlations between the six species. The PCA score plot displayed clear differentiation of all Astragalus species and a high correlation between the Amu and Ama species. The antioxidant activity was evaluated in vitro using various assays, phosphomolybdenum (PM), 2,2 diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH), 2,2-azino bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), ferric reducing power (FRAP) and ferrous ion chelation (FIC) assays. In addition, the potential for the volatile samples to inhibit both acetyl/butyrylcholinesterases (AChE, BChE), α- amylase, α-glucosidase and tyrosinase was assessed. Most of the species showed considerable antioxidant potential in the performed assays. In the DPPH assay, Ama exhibited the maximum activity (24.12 ± 2.24 mg TE/g sample), and the volatiles from Amu exhibited the highest activity (91.54 mgTE/g oil) in the ABTS radical scavenging assay. The effect was more evident in both CUPRAC and FRAP assays, where both Ale and Ama showed the strongest activity in comparison with the other tested species (84.06, 80.28 mgTE/g oil for CUPRAC and 49.47, 49.02 mgTE/g oil for FRAP, respectively). Asi demonstrated the strongest AChE (4.55 mg GALAE/g oil) and BChE (3.61 mg GALAE/g oil) inhibitory effect. Furthermore, the best tyrosinase inhibitory potential was observed for Ale (138.42 mg KAE/g). Accordingly, Astragalus species can be utilized as promising natural sources for many medicinally important components that could be tested as drug candidates for treating illnesses such as Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes mellitus and oxidative stress-related diseases.

Aqueous extracts of avocado pear (Persea americana Mill.) leaves and seeds exhibit anti-cholinesterases and antioxidant activities in vitro

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganiyu Oboh ◽  
Veronica O. Odubanjo ◽  
Fatai Bello ◽  
Ayokunle O. Ademosun ◽  
Sunday I. Oyeleye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Natural Treatment

AbstractAvocado pear (The inhibitory effects of extracts on AChE and BChE activities and antioxidant potentials (inhibition of FeThe extracts inhibited AChE and BChE activities and prooxidant-induced TBARS production in a dose-dependent manner, with the seed extract having the highest inhibitory effect and the leaf extract exhibiting higher phenolic content and radical scavenging abilities, but lower Fe chelation ability compared with that of the seed. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, alkaloids, and terpenoids in both extracts, whereas the total alkaloid profile was higher in the seed extract than in the leaf extract, as revealed by GC-FID.The anti-cholinesterase and antioxidant activities of avocado leaf and seed could be linked to their phytoconstituents and might be the possible mechanisms underlying their use as a cheap and natural treatment/management of AD. However, these extracts should be further investigated in vivo.

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