scholarly journals Water Extractable Phytochemicals from Peppers (Capsicumspp.) Inhibit Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase Activities and Prooxidants Induced Lipid Peroxidation in Rat BrainIn Vitro

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omodesola O. Ogunruku ◽  
Ganiyu Oboh ◽  
Ayokunle O. Ademosun
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Radical Scavenging Ability ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Anticholinesterase Properties

Background. This study sought to investigate antioxidant capacity of aqueous extracts of two pepper varieties (Capsicum annuumvar.accuminatum(SM) andCapsicum chinense(RO)) and their inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities.Methods. The antioxidant capacity of the peppers was evaluated by the 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging ability and ferric reducing antioxidant property. The inhibition of prooxidant induced lipid peroxidation and cholinesterase activities in rat brain homogenates was also evaluated.Results. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the total phenol contents of the unripe and ripeCapsicumspp. extracts. Ripe and unripe SM samples had significantly higher (P<0.05) ABTS*scavenging ability than RO samples, while the ripe fruits had significantly higher (P<0.05) ferric reducing properties in the varieties. Furthermore, the extracts inhibited Fe2+and quinolinic acid induced lipid peroxidation in rats brain homogenates in a dose-dependent manner. Ripe and unripe samples from SM had significantly higher AChE inhibitory abilities than RO samples, while there was no significant difference in the BuChE inhibitory abilities of the pepper samples.Conclusion. The antioxidant and anticholinesterase properties ofCapsicumspp. may be a possible dietary means by which oxidative stress and symptomatic cognitive decline associated with neurodegenerative conditions could be alleviated.

Immunomodulatory activities of whey fractions in efferent prefemoral lymph of sheep

1996 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun W. Wong ◽  
Geoffrey O. Regester ◽  
Geoffrey L. Francis ◽  
Dennis L. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Milk Whey ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lymphocyte Phenotypes ◽  
Dose Dependent

SummaryStudies on the immunomodulatory activities of ruminant milk and colostral whey fractions were undertaken. By comparing with boiled colostral whey in a preliminary experiment, a putative heat-labile immunostimulatory factor for antibody responses was found to be present in ovine colostral whey. Studies were then undertaken in sheep in which the efferent prefemoral lymphatic ducts were cannulated bilaterally, and immune responses in the node were measured following subcutaneous injection in the flank fold of whey protein preparations of various purities. A significant sustained decline of efferent lymphocyte output was observed following injection with autologous crude milk whey or colostral whey preparations, but no changes were observed in interferon-gamma levels in lymph plasma. Two bovine milk whey fractions (lactoperoxidase and lactoferrin) of high purity were compared in bilaterally cannulated sheep. A transient decline over the first 6 h was seen in the efferent lymphocyte output and lymph flow rate after injection of both fractions. A significant difference was seen between the two fractions in interferongamma levels in lymph at 6 h after injection. However, no significant changes in the proportion of the various efferent lymphocyte phenotypes were seen following either treatment. Whereas both fractions showed a significant inhibitory effect in a dose-dependent manner on the proliferative response of T lymphocytes, but not B lymphocytes, to mitogenic stimulation in vitro, no similar changes were seen following in vivo stimulation with these two fractions.

scholarly journals Kahweol Exerts Skin Moisturizing Activities by Upregulating STAT1 Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8864
Author(s):  
Hongxi Chen ◽  
Mohammad Amjad Hossain ◽  
Jong-Hoon Kim ◽  
Jae Youl Cho
Keyword(s):  
Proper Time ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis ◽  
Luciferase Assay ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Radical Scavenging Ability ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Dose Dependent

Kahweol is a diterpene present in coffee. Until now, several studies have shown that kahweol has anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic functions. Due to the limited research available about skin protection, this study aims to discern the potential abilities of kahweol and the possible regulation targets. First, the cytotoxicity of kahweol was checked by 3-4-5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2-5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, while 2,20-azino-bis (3ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt and 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl were used to examine the radical scavenging ability. Polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed to explore the proper time points and doses affecting skin hydration and barrier-related genes. Luciferase assay and Western blotting were used to explore the possible transcription factors. Finally, fludarabine (a STAT1 inhibitor) was chosen to discern the relationship between skin-moisturizing factors and STAT1. We found that HaCaT cells experienced no toxicity from kahweol, and kahweol displayed moderate radical scavenging ability. Moreover, kahweol increased the outcome of HAS1, HAS2, occludin, and TGM-1 from six hours in a dose-dependent manner as well as the activation of STAT1 from six hours. Additionally, kahweol recovered the suppression of HAS2, STAT1-mediated luciferase activity, and HA secretion, which was all downregulated by fludarabine. In this study, we demonstrated that kahweol promotes skin-moisturizing activities by upregulating STAT1.

Protective effect of chloroform extract of Stereospermum chelonoides bark against amyloid beta42 induced cell death in SH-SY5Y cells and against inflammation in Swiss albino mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 621-630
Author(s):  
Md. Imamul Islam ◽  
Meena Afroze Shanta ◽  
Milon Mondal ◽  
Nazia Hoque ◽  
Senjuti Majumder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Background This study was designed to evaluate the free radical scavenging property of chloroform extract of the bark of Stereospermum chelonoides (SCBC) and to investigate its potential in Alzheimer’s disease and inflammation, two oxidative stress related disorders. Methods Preliminary phytochemical analysis and in vitro antioxidant potential of SCBC were evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and total antioxidant capacity determination assay. Total phenol and total flavonoid contents were also determined. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) based cytotoxicity and cyto-protective assays were performed on human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Thioflavin-T assay and caspase activation measurement assay were carried out to elucidate the mechanism of cytoprotection of SCBC observed here. In vivo anti-inflammatory potential was measured using croton oil and xylene induced ear edema tests. Results Phytochemical screening of SCBC revealed the presence of various phytoconstituents. Dose-dependent in vitro antioxidant activity was observed. The extract was enriched in flavonoids and polyphenolic compounds too. SCBC was found to inhibit amyloid-β peptide 1-42 (Aβ42) induced cell death in a dose-dependent manner. Encouraged by the cyto-protective effect, its effects on Aβ42 fibrillogenesis and caspase-3 activated apoptosis were observed. SCBC significantly slowed down the Aβ42 fibrillogenesis and caspase-3 activation in a concentration-dependent manner indicating its probable mechanism of rendering cyto-protection. SCBC has been able to reduce inflammation significantly in croton oil induced ear edema in both doses. Conclusions Thus, this study could form the basis for further study for the potential use of SCBC in oxidative stress associated cell death and inflammation.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Fe2+ Induced Lipid Peroxidation in Rats Brain by Extract of Euphorbia heterophylla in vitro

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Leye Jonathan Babatola ◽  
Oluwakemisola B. Oshanimi ◽  
Olanrewaju M. Oluba ◽  
Lawrence Okoror ◽  
Adewale Agboola Odutuga
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Total Phenol ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Significant Difference

This study is sought to determine the antioxidant activity and protective ability of aqueous and methanol extractible phytochemicals from Euphorbia heterophylla leaves on lipid peroxidation induced in rat brain by pro-oxidant, in vitro. The extracts of the leaves were prepared, and the ability of the extracts is to inhibit 25 µM FeSO4 induced lipid peroxidation in isolated rats’ brain, were determined. Thereafter, total phenol content, reducing power (FRAP), Fe (II) chelating, and DPPH* free radical scavenging ability of the extracts was determined and considered as an index of antioxidant activity. The results revealed that the extracts inhibit malondialdehyde (MDA) production in the basal and pro-oxidant induced lipid peroxidised rats in a dose-dependent manner, [methanol 80.11%, aqueous 70.3%] with the methanol extract (MEE) significantly (P< 0.05) than that of aqueous extract (AEE). The methanol extract (0.74 ± 0.6 mg/g) had higher total phenol contents than the aqueous (0.57 ± 1.2 mg/g); likewise the methanol extract had higher reducing power (0.08 ± 0.2, 0.03 ± 0.1 mg/g), but had no significant difference in Fe (II) chelating ability (EC50= 0.34, 0.36) with DPPH* scavenging ability (EC50=0.075, 0.075). This antioxidant properties and the protective effect of this leaf could be harnessed in the management and prevention of degenerative diseases in association with oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of N,N,N-trimethyl-O-(ureidopyridinium)acetyl Chitosan Derivatives with Antioxidant and Antifungal Activities

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Zhang ◽  
Wenqiang Tan ◽  
Qing Li ◽  
Fang Dong ◽  
Zhanyong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Chitosan Derivatives ◽  
Ammonium Group ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Group ◽  
Radical Scavenging Ability

Chitosan is an active biopolymer, and the combination of it with other active groups can be a valuable method to improve the potential application of the resultant derivatives in food, cosmetics, packaging materials, and other industries. In this paper, a series of N,N,N-trimethyl-O-(ureidopyridinium)acetyl chitosan derivatives were synthesized. The combination of chitosan with ureidopyridinium group and quaternary ammonium group made it achieve developed water solubility and biological properties. The structures of chitosan and chitosan derivatives were confirmed by FTIR, 1H NMR spectra, and elemental analysis. The prepared chitosan derivatives were evaluated for antioxidant property by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability, hydroxyl radical scavenging ability, and superoxide radical scavenging ability. The results revealed that the synthesized chitosan derivatives exhibited improved antioxidant activity compared with chitosan. The chitosan derivatives were also investigated for antifungal activity against Phomopsis asparagus as well as Botrytis cinerea, and they showed a significant inhibitory effect on the selected phytopathogen. Meanwhile, CCK-8 assay was used to test the cytotoxicity of chitosan derivatives, and the results showed that most derivatives had low toxicity. These data suggested to develop analogs of chitosan derivatives containing ureidopyridinium group and quaternary ammonium group, which will provide a new kind of promising biomaterials having decreased cytotoxicity as well as excellent antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Analgesic and Antioxidant Potential of the Leaves of Curcuma alismatifolia Gagnep.

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raushanara Akter ◽  
SM Raquibul Hasan ◽  
Samira Ayesha Siddiqua ◽  
Muntasir Mamun Majumder ◽  
Md Mokarram Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Writhing Test ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Tail Immersion ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Dose Dependent

In the present study, the antioxidant and analgesic potential of the 80% methanol extract of the leaves of Curcuma alismatifolia Gangnep was evaluated. The extract was investigated for its antioxidant activity using lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant capacity and reducing power assays. The extract showed significant antioxidant activities in lipid peroxidation assay compared to the standard antioxidant in a dose dependent manner. In lipid peroxidation assay, the IC50 value was found to be 122.43μg/mL while the IC50 value for the reference ascorbic acid was 147.87μg/ml. Moreover, Curcuma alismatifolia extract showed strong total antioxidant capacity and good reducing power. The analgesic activity was evaluated for its central and peripheral pharmacological actions using tail immersion method and acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice respectively. The extract, at the dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg, produced a significant (p < 0.05-0.001) increase in pain threshold in tail immersion methods in a dose dependent manner. In acetic acid-induced writhing test the extract, at a dose of 500 mg/kg, showed a maximum of 60.5% inhibition (p < 0.001) of writhing reaction compared to the reference drug diclofenac-sodium (75.0%). All experimental results suggest the use of this plant for the treatment of pain and inflammatory disorder. Key Words: Curcuma alismatifolia, Antioxidant, Lipid peroxidation, Total antioxidant capacity, Reducing power, Analgesic, Tail immersion. doi:10.3329/sjps.v1i1.1779 S. J. Pharm. Sci. 1(1&2): 3-9

scholarly journals In vitro Inhibitory Effects of Cyperus esculentus L. (Tiger Nut) Tubers on some Enzymes Associated with Neurodegeneration and Iron- Induced Lipid Peroxidation in Rats’ Brain Tissue Homogenate

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
Ayodeji Olabiyi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Tissue Homogenate ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Butyryl Cholinesterase ◽  
Radical Scavenging Ability ◽  
Brain Tissue Homogenate

This study investigated the inhibitory effect of Cyperus esculentus L. (raw and processed) tubers on Iron (Fe2+) induced lipid peroxidation and key enzymes linked with neurodegeneration in vitro. Ten grams of tiger nut tubers was weighed and added to 100 mL of distilled water (1:10 w/v), left for 24 h, filtered, centrifuged to obtain a clear supernatant and lyophilized. Activities of acetyl cholinesterase (AChE), butyryl cholinesterase (BChE), Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation as well as antioxidants status as indicated by 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid radical scavenging ability and Fe chelation were evaluated. Raw tiger nut extracts inhibited activities of AChE and BChE in the brain tissue of rats (0 – 11.54 mg /mL) with EC50 = 3.599 mg /mL and 2.71 ± 0.01 mg /mL respectively, and increased antioxidant activity when compared with the processed tuber. Inhibition on these enzymes as well as prevention of Fe2+ induced lipid peroxidation may be the possible mechanism of action by which tiger nut prevents neurodegeneration.

Antiatherogenic activity of extracts of Argania spinosa L. pericarp: beneficial effects on lipid peroxidation and cholesterol homeostasisThis article is one of a selection of papers published in this special issue (part 1 of 2) on the Safety and Efficacy of Natural Health Products.

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (9) ◽  
pp. 918-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hicham Berrougui ◽  
Mounia Cherki ◽  
Geremy Abdull Koumbadinga ◽  
Maxim Isabelle ◽  
Jasmin Douville ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Ldl Oxidation ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Progression Rate ◽  
Natural Health Products ◽  
Dependent Manner

Prevention of lipoprotein oxidation by natural compounds may prevent atherosclerosis via reducing early atherogenesis. In this study, we investigated for the first time the beneficial properties of methanolic extract of argania pericarp (MEAP) towards atherogenesis by protecting human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) against oxidation while promoting high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-mediated cholesterol efflux. By measuring the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and conjugated diene as well as the lag phase and the progression rate of lipid peroxidation, the MEAP was found to possess an inhibitory effect. In addition, MEAP reduced the rate of disappearance of α-tocopherol as well as the apoB electrophoretic mobility in a dose-dependent manner. These effects are related to the free radical scavenging and copper-chelating effects of MEAP. In terms of cell viability, MEAP has shown a cytotoxic effect (0–40 μg/mL). Incubation of3H-cholesterol-loaded J774 macrophages with HDL in the presence of increasing concentrations of MEAP enhanced HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux independently of ABCA1 receptor pathways. Our findings suggest that argania seed pericarp provides a source of natural antioxidants that inhibit LDL oxidation and enhance cholesterol efflux and thus can prevent development of cardiovascular diseases.

Phytochemical Constituents and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Clerodendron glandulosum.Coleb Methanolic Extract

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravirajsinh Jadeja ◽  
Menaka Thounaojam ◽  
Ansarullah ◽  
A V Ramachandran ◽  
Ranjitsinh Devkar
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Hypochlorous Acid ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Dose Dependent

Objective: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties of Clerodendron glandulosum.Coleb.Methods: - Methanolic extract of C.glandulosum.Coleb (MECG) was studied for its qualitative and quantitative phytochemical constituents and free radical scavenging potential using different in vitro assays for hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl, superoxide, DPPH, nitric oxide, peroxynitrite, singlet oxygen and hypochlorous acid radicals scavenging assays. Its lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity, metal chelating activity and reducing power were also assayed.Results: Qualitative phytochemical screening of MECG showed presence of polyphenols, steroids, flavanoids and saponins. Quantitative phytochemical analysis revealed 34.3±0.89 mg/ml gallic acid equivalent-polyphenols, 46.1±1.00 mg/ml quercetin equivalent-flavanoids and 53.36±0.93 mg/ml ascorbic acid per 100 mg MECG. The MECG scavenges hydrogen peroxide (IC50 120.23± 1.53 ?g/ml), hydroxyl (IC50 70.23±1.36 ?g/ml) superoxide (IC50 80.36±1.36 ?g/ml), DPPH (IC50 50.11±1.36 ?g/ml) and nitric oxide (IC50 90.11±1.55 ?g/ml) radicals in a dose dependent manner. The IC50 values for peroxynitrite, singlet oxygen and hypochlorous acid were 48.41±1.72, 62.15±1.69 and 136.69±2.01?g/ml, respectively. MECG also inhibited lipid peroxidation (IC50 150.56±3.02 ?g/ml) and promoted metal chelation (IC50 50.29±2.00 ?g/ml) in a dose-dependent manner. Assay of reducing capacity of MECG showed a dose-dependent response.Conclusion: The results suggest that a methanolic extract of Clerodendron glandulosum.Coleb possesses a strong antioxidant activity against all known radicals and can be considered as a natural antioxidant.

Synthesis and Assessment of Novel Anti-chlamydial Benzylidene Acylhydrazides Derivatives

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofeng Bao ◽  
Ying Xue ◽  
Chao Xia ◽  
Yin Lu ◽  
Ningjing Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Iron Starvation ◽  
Hydrochloride Salt ◽  
Obligate Intracellular ◽  
Biphasic Life Cycle ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Better Than

Background: Chlamydiae, characterized by a unique biphasic life cycle, are a group of Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens responsible for diseases in a range of hosts including humans. Benzylidene acylhydrazide CF0001 could inhibit chlamydiae independent of iron starvation and T3SS inhibition. This finding promoted us to design and synthesize more benzylidene acylhydrazides to find novel anti-chlamydial agents. Methods: The carboxylic acids 1a-1d were coupled with Boc-hydrazide inpresence of EDCI and DMAP to obtain the intermediate 2a-2d in 60-62% yields. N-Boc deprotections were performed to obtain hydrazide hydrochloride salt 3a-3d. Nextly, the hydrazides were subjected to condensation with aldehydes to obtain benzylidene acylhydrazides 4a-4g in 30-52% yields in two steps. Results: Compound 4d exhibited best inhibitory effect on the formation and growth of chlamydial inclusions. The IC50 value of compound 4d for infectious progenies was 3.55 µM, better than 7.30 µM of CF0001. Conclusion: To find novel anti-chlamydial agents, we have designed and synthesized benzylidene acylhydrazides 4a-4g. Compounds 4a, 4d, 4g showed inhibitory activity on C. muridarum with the IC50 values from 3.55-12 µM. The 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyl substitutes on ring B are critical to keep their anti-chlamydial activity. Compound 4d inhibited C. muridarum in a dose-dependent manner without apparent cytotoxicity.

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