scholarly journals Soil Properties as Influenced by Long Term Herbicide with or without Organic Manure Application in Transplanted Rice-Rice System

Agropedology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Goswami ◽  
◽  
S. Dutta ◽  
N. C. Deka ◽  
K. Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Term Trial

Transplanted autumn rice-winter rice is one of the major rice-based cropping systems followed under specific soil type and land situation that faces diverse weed flora and intensity. The soil physical, chemical and biological properties of a long-term trial, being conducted since 2001 at Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, India were evaluated after completion of tenth crop cycles of rice-rice cropping sequence. Rotational application of pre-emergence, followed by post-emergence herbicide significantly increased grain yield in both the crops. The pH of the soil increased and fractions of soil acidity decreased significantly, while the cation exchange capacity and exchangeable Ca2+, Mg2+ and NH4+ increased significantly by organic manure application for partial N-fertilizer substitution. The application of organic manure significantly increased organic carbon and positively influenced available nitrogen and phosphorous content in soil. The microbial biomass carbon, urease activity were unaffected by herbicide application but were enhanced by organic manure addition. Application of herbicide significantly reduced the acid phosphatase activity in soil, while it had a positive effect on dehydrogenase activity and the effect was pronounced by addition of the organic manure. The effect of rotation of herbicide was not obvious and was limited to a few biological properties.

scholarly journals Impact of sewage water irrigation on agricultural soil

2021 ◽  
pp. 141-148
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Flooded Field

The rapidly increasing population growth and the steady increase in water requirements for agricultural and industrial development have placed severe stress on the water resources available and the long term use of sewage water for irrigation highly affects soil properties. In this study soil samples were collected from a cauliflower field prior and after sewage water irrigation, and the impact of sewage water irrigation on physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil was compared. For this, tested were pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Organic Carbon, available Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Zinc, Iron, Copper, Manganese, and microbial activity. Soil microbial biomass carbon, basal soil respiration, total viable count of bacteria, coliform population, Pseudomonas species, and Azotobacter significantly increased after sewage water irrigation as compared to prior to irrigation. Nevertheless, the bulk density and Rhizobium species of the soil flooded with sewage water was decreased relative to the same characteristics prior to irrigation. Cauliflower yield was significantly increased when sewage water flooded field as compared to the tube well water flooded field (i.e., water delivered via an iron pipe). Escherichia coli contamination was greater in sewage water and groundwater that can pose health risks for the nearby communities, to farmers and consumer of farm products. Hence, the efficient use of sewage and municipal wastewater successfully increase water resource for irrigation and may help in expanding agricultural production. But excessive use of sewage water may also affect the soil flora and fertility.

Long-Term Manure Application and Forages Reduce Nitrogen Fertilizer Requirements of Silage Corn-Cereal Cropping Systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 1244-1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Nyiraneza ◽  
M. H. Chantigny ◽  
A. N'Dayegamiye ◽  
M. R. Laverdière
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Manure Application

Soil chemical and biological properties affected by 21-year application of composted manure with chemical fertilizers in a Chinese Mollisol

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. H. Li ◽  
X. Z. Han ◽  
H. B. Li ◽  
C. Song ◽  
J. Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Total N ◽  
Available N

Li, X. H., Han, X. Z., Li, H. B., Song, C., Yan, J. and Liang, Y. 2012. Soil chemical and biological properties affected by 21-year application of composted manure with chemical fertilizers in a Chinese Mollisol. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 419–428. The effects of 21-yr of application of chemical fertilizers, composted pig manure (CPM) alone, and chemical fertilizers combined with compost on soil chemical and biological properties were investigated. Soil samples (0–20cm) were collected from a long-term fertilization experiment under corn (Zea mays L.) production in 2006, prior to seeding, at the corn tasseling stage and following harvest. Fertilizer treatments were: no fertilizer (CK), nitrogen fertilizer alone (N), N + phosphorus (NP), N + P + potassium (NPK), CPM, N + CPM, N + P + CPM (NP + CPM), and N + P + K + CPM (NPK + CPM). Long-term application of N alone resulted in a reduction of soil pH by 0.38 units and reduced the available P concentration compared with CK. An increase in soil pH was seen with CPM alone and NPK + CPM. Both fertilizers sources, singly and combined, increased the total N and available N concentrations. Total P and total K concentrations were greatest with the NPK + CPM treatment. All fertilizer treatments increased the soil organic carbon (SOC), light fraction organic carbon (LFOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) concentrations significantly (P < 0.05) at the tasseling stage. The NPK + CPM treatment showed the greatest increase in SOC (12%), LFOC (78%) and MBC (44%) concentrations, compared with CK. Soil enzyme activities (invertase, urease, acid and alkaline phosphatases) tended to be greater at tasseling than other sampling dates, with highest enzyme activities in the NPK + CPM treatments. These findings suggest that a long-term application of CPM combined with NPK is an efficient strategy to maintain or increase soil quality in Mollisols for sustainable agriculture.

Long-term effects of manure application on grain yield under different cropping systems and ecological conditions in China

2008 ◽  
Vol 147 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. ZHANG ◽  
M. XU ◽  
F. ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Long Term Experiments ◽  
Continuous Maize ◽  
Yield Trends

SUMMARYRice (Oryza sativaL.), wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) and maize (Zea maysL.) are the main crops grown in China. Applying organic manures is an important practice in sustaining soil fertility and agricultural productivity in these cropping systems. The current paper presents the effects of manure application on grain yields in nine long-term experiments that consist of one continuous maize, four wheat–maize and four rice-based cropping systems across a wide range of agro-ecological regions in China. The study shows that regular manure application can increase soil organic carbon (SOC) and grain yield across all the sites. Overall, regular use of manure results in larger increases in SOC in the maize and wheat–maize systems than in the rice-based systems. Application of manure tends to increase the grain yield in the maize and wheat–maize systems during the final years, but increases the grain yield in the rice-based systems during the initial years of the long-term experiments. There is only one site that shows significant improvement in the yield trend in association with the application of manure. The effects of manure on yield trends are probably determined by the initial yield and/or the ‘organic C effect’ that may cause gradual improvements in SOC and soil physical properties.

scholarly journals Assessment of Chemical and Biological Parameters in Sorghum-Wheat Cropping Sequence under Long Term Fertilization - A Review

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayalakshmi Mitnala
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Decomposition Of Organic Matter ◽  
Continuous Use ◽  
Dynamic Population

Continuous addition of chemical fertilizers poses problems like toxicity due to high amounts of salts as residues of fertilizer and deterioration of the physico-chemical properties. Organic manure ameliorates this problem as organic matter helps in increasing adsorptive power of soil for cations and anions particularly phosphate and nitrate. The continuous use of chemical fertilizers over a long period may cause imbalance in the microbial population and there by indirectly affect the biological properties. The microbial biomass, which is the total sum of all microorganisms present in soil, serves as a temporary sink for nutrients including nitrogen and can be considered as an index of soil fertility. Soil harbours dynamic population of microorganisms, which play major role in decomposition of organic matter and transformation of plant nutrients. The availability of organically bounded nitrogen through transformation in soil to the plant mainly depends on the population of microorganisms, which may be influenced by the application of inorganic fertilizers and organic manure.

scholarly journals Labile Soil Organic Matter Pools Are Influenced by 45 Years of Applied Farmyard Manure and Mineral Nitrogen in the Wheat—Pearl Millet Cropping System in the Sub-Tropical Condition

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2190
Author(s):  
Ranjan Laik ◽  
B. H. Kumara ◽  
Biswajit Pramanick ◽  
Santosh Kumar Singh ◽  
Nidhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Application ◽  
Tropical Climates

Labile soil organic matter pools (LSOMp) are believed to be the most sensitive indicator of soil quality when it is changed rapidly with varied management practices. In sub-tropical climates, the turnover period of labile pools is quicker than in temperate climates. Organic amendments are of importance in improve the LSOMp for a temperate climate and may be helpful in sub-tropical climates as well. Hence, the status of LSOMp was studied in long term farmyard manure (FYM) amended soils under wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) cropping systems in sub-tropical arid conditions. At the same time, we also attempt to determine the impact of mineral nitrogen (N) application in these pools. In this study, dissolved organic matter (DOM), microbial biomass (MB), and light fraction (LF) were isolated in the management practices involving different modes and rates of FYM applications along with the application of nitrogenous fertilizer. C and N contents of the labile pools were analyzed in the soil samples at different periods after FYM applications. Among the different pools, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were changed significantly with different rates and modes of FYM application and mineral N application. Application of FYM at 15 Mg ha−1 in both the seasons + 120 kg ha−1 mineral N resulted in significantly higher MBC and DOC as compared to all of the other treatments. This treatment also resulted in 13.75% and 5.8% more MBC and DOC, respectively, as compared to the amount of MBC and DOC content in the control plot where FYM and mineral N were not applied. Comparing the labile organic matter pools of 45 years of FYM amendment with initial values, it was found that the dissolved organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, and light fraction carbon were increased up to the maximum extent of about 600, 1200, and 700 times, respectively. The maximum amount of DOM (562 mg kg−1 of DOC and 70.1 mg kg−1 of DON), MB (999 mg kg−1 of MBC and 158.4 mg kg−1 of MBN), LF (2.61 g kg−1 of LFC and 154.6 g kg−1 of LFN) were found in case of both season applied FYM as compared to either summer or winter applied FYM. Concerning the different rates of FYM application, 15 Mg ha−1 FYM also resulted in a significantly higher amount of DOM, MB, and LF as compared to other FYM rates (i.e., 5 Mg ha−1 and 10 Mg ha−1). Amongst different pools, MB was found to be the most sensitive to management practices in this study. From this study, it was found that the long-term FYM amendment in sub-tropical soil along with mineral N application can improve the LSOMp of the soil. Thus, it can be recommended that the application of FYM at 15 Mg ha−1 in summer and winter with +120 kg ha−1 mineral N can improve SOC and its labile pools in subtropical arid soils. Future studies on LSOMp can be carried out by considering different cropping systems of subtropical climate.

Effects of Mineral Fertilizers and Organic Manure Long-Term Application on Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Black Soils in Harbin, China

2011 ◽  
Vol 255-260 ◽  
pp. 2925-2929
Author(s):  
Lian Feng Wang ◽  
Yan Jiao Qiao ◽  
Xi Linx Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Single Fertilization ◽  
Water Holding

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an important greenhouse gas. CO2emission from different long-term fertilized black soils was investigated by incubation experiment at soil water content of 70% water holding capacity. Maximal CO2flux was observed at the beginning of 24-h and 48-h incubation after the rewetting of dry soil. Combined fertilizer nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) with manure (M) emitted the highest CO2-C, was up to 175 mg kg-1. Compared to zero fertilization (CK), fertilizers application increased CO2emission (P<0.05). Single fertilization N, P and potassium (K) increased CO2emission 19%, 43% and 22%, respectively. Combined two-way or three-way fertilizer N, P and K also increased CO2emission. Based on mineral fertilization, additional organic manure application furthered CO2emission. Two-way fertilizers (NP, NK and PK) application with organic manure increased CO2emission at the percentage of 398, 13.8 and 29.1, respectively (P<0.05). Although organic manure application ameliorated soil chemical, physical and biological conditions, organic manure fertilization increasing CO2emission should be considered in agricultural practice.

Relationship between macropores and soil organic carbon fractions under long‐term organic manure application

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1344-1354
Author(s):  
Lingying Xu ◽  
Meiyan Wang ◽  
Yutian Tian ◽  
Xuezheng Shi ◽  
Yijie Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Carbon Fractions ◽  
Organic Carbon Fractions ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Fractions

scholarly journals Wheat yield as a measure of the residual fertility after 20 years of forage cropping systems with different manure management in Northern Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-146
Author(s):  
Luciano Pecetti ◽  
Lamberto Borrelli
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Silage Maize ◽  
Double Cropping ◽  
Term Trial

After 20 years of application of different manure types, cropping systems and additional nitrogen (N) levels, their residual fertility effects were compared by measuring the yield of a following unfertilised wheat crop (Experiment 1), which was sown on exactly the same plots of the previous long-term trial. All previously applied factors caused significant differences in wheat yield. Wheat yielded more on plots that had received farmyard manure (FMY) compared to those where semi-liquid manure (SLM) was previously applied. Long-term application of a semi-intensive rotation, with three years of annual double cropping of autumnsown Italian ryegrass and spring-sown silage maize followed by three years of mown lucerne (R6), resulted in higher wheat yield than application of just the annual double cropping of Italian ryegrass and silage maize (R1). Application of further mineral N fertilisation to previous cropping systems caused higher yield of the subsequent wheat crop. The difference in wheat yield between the R6 and R1 systems was greater with SLM (+28%) than FYM application (+11%) resulting in a significant manure × system interaction. A companion experiment (Experiment 2) was carried out to compute the nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE) from the yield of wheat plots that were sown after ploughing a nearby 20- year unfertilised grassland and received four levels of mineral N fertilisation. NAE was further used to empirically estimate the productive advantage (PA) conferred by previous manure-systemmineral nitrogen combinations in the long-term trial. PA was measured as equivalent kg of mineral N to be applied to wheat to achieve the yield level recorded after any previous combination. The estimated PA values were much higher when wheat followed FYM compared to SLM application, and when it followed R6 compared to R1 system. The SLM-R1 combination had negative PA values, indicating a productive disadvantage on wheat of this preceding combination. The enhancement of residual soil fertility by long-term application of FYM compared to SLM could be attributed to greater nutrient provision during the years by FYM than by SLM. However, further fertility advantages of FYM are discussed. Despite lower nutrient supply by organic fertilisers in R6 than in R1 system, the former had higher residual fertility. The presence of lucerne in the R6 rotation likely enriched the soil in nitrogen and increased its availability for following cropping. Possible benefits of the legume on the soil suppressiveness might have been a further asset of the R6 system.

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