scholarly journals Kasih Setia Tuhan Dalam Perjanjian Lama Dan Relevansinya Bagi Orang Percaya Pada Masa Covid-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-71
Author(s):  
Sri Wahyuni Kusradi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Present Form ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Love Of God ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Form Of Expression

ABSTRAK _______________________________________________________________ Pada masa pandemic Covid-19 ini banyak orang menjadi kuatir akan masalah penghidupannya, masa depan keluarga, masyarakat, ekonomi, politik, pendidikan, kebudayaan yang berubah mengikuti dampak covid-19 ini.  Hal tersebut juga dihadapi oleh orang Kristen, mereka dapat saja mempertanyakan di mana Tuhan pada masa pandemic ini. Tetapi ada satu pegangan yang teguh yang dapat menjadi penghiburan dan kekuatan bagi orang percaya, yaitu Kasih setia Allah yang akan memberikan jaminan kehidupan orang percaya pada masa pandemic ini. Di mana dalam Perjanjian Lama kasih setia Tuhan telah dinyatakan kepada bangsa Israel dari sejak jaman Adam telah diikatkan dari keturunan ke keturunan yang diikat melalui sebuah perjanjian yang tidak setara antara Allah dengan umat pilihan, didasarkan pada kemurahan hati Allah yang masih berlaku hingga sampai kini. Untuk itu penulis akan menggunakan metode Untuk memaparkan tujuan penulisan ini maka penulis menggunakan metode deskriptif teologis  yang akan mencermati teks-teks  Alkitab mengenai kasih setia, memperhatikannya berdasarkan konteks sejarah untuk menemukan bagaimana prinsip-prinsip kasih setia Tuhan itu dinyatakan kepada generasi ke generasi  Israel. Dari penelitian itu akan diperoleh makna teologis tentang penyataan-penyataan kasih setia Tuhan di sepanjang sejarah Israel dalam Perjanjian Lama. Dalam penemuan makna-makna theologis maka topic ini dapat dikorelasikan dengan keadaan pada masa pandemic sekarang ini. Bagaimana bentuk penyataan kasih setia Tuhan dan bagaimana orang percaya pada masa kini harus menyikapinya. Saat orang percaya memahami dan terus memegang perjanjian kasih setia Tuhan maka iman kepada Allah akan terus semakin teguh sekalipun di saat penderitaan pada masa covid-19 ini melanda. Kata Kunci: Kasih Setia Tuhan, Perjanjian Lama, Covid-19     ABSTRACT _______________________________________________________________ The second abstract is written in English. During the Covid-19 pandemic, many people became worried about their livelihood problems, the future of their families and how to manage their lives. This happens because the economic crisis is threatening, family incomes are declining or unstable, health is not guaranteed, the ease with which social problems occur makes life uneasy. The same thing can be faced by Christians. If they do not have a strong faith, Christians will also experience shocks of faith. But there is one firm hold that can be a comfort and strength to believers, which is God's character. God's loyal love will provide assurance for the life of believers in this pandemic. Where in the Old Testament the love of God has been shown to the Israelites from the time of Adam has been tied from generation to generation. God's loyal love bound through an unequal covenant between God and the elect, which is based on God's generosity. God's lovingkindness that was expressed in various forms during the Old Testament times and also which is still in effect today. For this reason, the author will use the method. To explain the purpose of this writing, the author uses a theological descriptive method that will examine the biblical texts regarding of The Kindness og God as stated in the Old Testament, paying attention to it based on the historical context to find how the principles of The Kindness of God are expressed. in various forms from generation to generation of Israelis. From this research, theological meaning will be obtained about the revelations of The kindness of God throughout the history of Israel in the Old Testament. In the discovery of theological meanings, this topic can be correlated with the situation in the current pandemic. What is the present form of expression of The kindness of God and how today's believers should react to it. When believers today understand and continue to hold onto God's covenant of loyal love, faith in God will continue to be stronger even when suffering during the Covid-19 era hits. Keywords: Kindness of God, Old Testament, Covid-19

Book of Job

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Doak
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Moral Status ◽  
Reception History ◽  
Present Form ◽  
Book Of Job ◽  
Near Eastern ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of

The book of Job is the longest and most thematically and linguistically challenging of the “wisdom books” in the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament. In the book’s prologue (Job 1–2) the narrator introduces readers to a man named Job (Hebrew ‘iyyōb; etymology unclear). Job’s prosperity extends into all areas of his life, and seems at least potentially linked to his moral status as completely righteous and blameless before God. The earthly scene then gives way to a heavenly setting, where a figure called “the accuser” (literally “the satan”; haśśātān) appears before God. God boasts about Job’s righteousness, but the accuser counters, suggesting that Job’s moral achievement has been merely the byproduct of God’s protection. The accuser and God enter into a bet: Job’s children will be killed, Job’s possessions stripped, and Job’s body afflicted with a painful disease—all to see whether Job will curse God. Job initially responds to the distress with pious statements, affirming God’s authority over his life. In a state of intense suffering, Job is joined by three friends—Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar, and then eventually a fourth, Elihu—who offer rounds of speeches debating the reasons for Job’s situation (Job 3–37). Job responds to the friends in turn, alternately lamenting his situation and pleading for a chance to address God directly and argue his case as an innocent man. The friends accuse Job of committing some great sin to deserve his fate; they urge repentance, and defend God as a just ruler. God enters the dispute in a forceful whirlwind (Job 38), and proceeds for several chapters (Job 38–41) to overwhelm Job with resounding statements on creation (38:1–38), animal life (38:39–40:14), and visions of two powerful creatures, Behemoth (40:15–24) and Leviathan (41:1–11). The book ends with Job acknowledging to God the fact that he is overmatched in the face of divine power. God condemns the friends for not speaking “what is right, as my servant Job has” (42:7), and then restores Job’s lost possessions and children (42:10–17). Job has enjoyed a rich reception history in Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and, perhaps more than any other book in the Bible except Genesis, as a world literary classic in its own right. Within the Bible, it is the most bracing statement on the problem of suffering, as it presents a situation wherein a clearly righteous person suffers immensely—putting it at odds with more straightforward descriptions of why people suffer in Proverbs, Deuteronomy, and other texts. Scholarly research on Job has focused on the book’s place among other ancient Near Eastern wisdom materials, on questions of language (given the large amount of difficult Hebrew terms in the book), on historical-critical concerns about authorship and the way the book may have come together in its present form, and on the history of the translation of the text into Greek and other ancient languages. In the 21st century, interpreters have increasingly taken up readings of Job that situate it among concerns related to economics, disability, gender, and the history of its reception in many different eras and communities.

History of Turkey's Economic Crises

2017 ◽  
pp. 318-332
Author(s):  
Hakan Ay ◽  
Öznur Uçar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Economic Crises ◽  
Advanced Economy ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Turkish Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
World Economic

Examine the history of Turkey's economic crisis based economy will give clues for a much better economy. For 92 years, history of Turkey Republic has experienced the development stages of democracy and economy. Turkey has completed the journey of economic development as the most advanced economy in the world, although began as an undeveloped country. Turkey has been affected from the global and regional crises and overcame the nine economic crises. The implemented economic crisis policies showed parallelism with the trend of the world economic thoughts and has been shaped around Keynes and Friedman applications. All these details have been described in our study chronologically. With our study, we were trying to portray the Turkish economy's yesterday and today. Thus, we believe that our study will create data for predicting the future of the Turkish economy and the future of the world of economy.

scholarly journals Ka Mua, Ka Muri-Walking Backwards into the Future: An Environmental History of the South Wairarapa Region 1984-2016

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Eleanor Jane Rainford
Keyword(s):  
Environmental History ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The South ◽  
Neoliberal Reform ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
History Of The South

<p>‘Ka mua, ka muri’, Walking backwards into the future, is a Māori proverb that aptly describes the findings of this thesis. That we should look to the past to inform the future is arguably the purpose of history, yet we have to walk back far enough. Tracing back from the present, this thesis will address what has driven political, economic, environmental and social change within the South Wairarapa region from 1984 to the present day. The region has experienced significant changes to its physical and social environment over the past thirty years. Many modern historians have attributed the key changes of this period, such as agricultural intensification, diversification, rising unemployment and environmental degradation, to the economic re-structuring of the Fourth Labour Government. This thesis will argue that these changes, and neoliberal reform itself, are consequent of much longer historiographical trends. Examination of the historical context and legacies of the intensification of dairy farming, rise of the viticulture industry, and the relationship between Ngāti Kahungunu and Rangitāne o Wairarapa and their whenua, reveals complexities in the history of the region that histories of neoliberal change commonly conceal. The identification of these long running historiographical trends aides understanding of the historical context in which neoliberal reform occurred, and provides alternative narratives for the changes that have occurred over the past thirty years. Furthermore, it suggests alternative trajectories for how viticulture, agriculture and Te Ao Māori may walk into the future.</p>

scholarly journals Sociology of ecumenism: non-theological factors of emergence and development of ecumenical relations

2008 ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Oleh S. Kyselov
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
World Community ◽  
Religious Dialogue ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Comprehensive Study ◽  
Christian History

Characteristic features of Christianity of the twentieth century were the consolidation of his denominations around social problems and holding inter-Christian theological and missionary conferences. These components of Christian history of the last century are connected with ecumenism. Ecumenism, in turn, influenced the initiation of a dialogue between Christianity and other religions, most notably Judaism and Islam. Thus, a comprehensive study of ecumenism will not only enable us to better understand contemporary Christianity and try to predict further ways of its development, but also on the basis of it to understand the inter-religious dialogue, which largely depends on the future of the world community.

scholarly journals Ka Mua, Ka Muri-Walking Backwards into the Future: An Environmental History of the South Wairarapa Region 1984-2016

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Eleanor Jane Rainford
Keyword(s):  
Environmental History ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The South ◽  
Neoliberal Reform ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
History Of The South

<p>‘Ka mua, ka muri’, Walking backwards into the future, is a Māori proverb that aptly describes the findings of this thesis. That we should look to the past to inform the future is arguably the purpose of history, yet we have to walk back far enough. Tracing back from the present, this thesis will address what has driven political, economic, environmental and social change within the South Wairarapa region from 1984 to the present day. The region has experienced significant changes to its physical and social environment over the past thirty years. Many modern historians have attributed the key changes of this period, such as agricultural intensification, diversification, rising unemployment and environmental degradation, to the economic re-structuring of the Fourth Labour Government. This thesis will argue that these changes, and neoliberal reform itself, are consequent of much longer historiographical trends. Examination of the historical context and legacies of the intensification of dairy farming, rise of the viticulture industry, and the relationship between Ngāti Kahungunu and Rangitāne o Wairarapa and their whenua, reveals complexities in the history of the region that histories of neoliberal change commonly conceal. The identification of these long running historiographical trends aides understanding of the historical context in which neoliberal reform occurred, and provides alternative narratives for the changes that have occurred over the past thirty years. Furthermore, it suggests alternative trajectories for how viticulture, agriculture and Te Ao Māori may walk into the future.</p>

Christological Exegesis and the Interpretation of Metaphors in Old Testament Prophecy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Sujin Pak
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Authorial Intention ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Church ◽  
Sacred History

In identifying the history of Christ and the Gospel as the prime content of sacred history, Luther exhibited widespread Christological exegesis of the Old Testament prophets. Calvin read the original histories of the Old Testament prophets analogically to serve as a mirror of God’s providential activity with the church. Metaphor in particular functioned in distinctly different ways in their exegeses. While for Luther, Old Testament metaphors overwhelmingly pointed to the advent of Christ and the Gospel, for Calvin, metaphors—in direct distinction from allegorical reading—served as visual signposts of meaning precisely delimited by authorial intention, the prophet’s historical context, and the literary properties of the text. Such distinctions become consolidated along confessional lines in the next generation so that Christological exegesis and the interpretation of the Old Testament metaphors served as a prime site of Lutheran and Reformed confessional polemics.

scholarly journals Nadenke oor die kerkbegrip: Enkele perspektiewe op grond van die Deuteronomistiese geskiedenis

1995 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P.B Breytenbach
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
Theological Reflection ◽  
Deuteronomistic History ◽  
The Future ◽  
Love Of God

Reflecting on the concept church: Some perspectives from Deutero-nomistic history. This article seeks to explain why and how the Old Testament and Deuteronomistic history in particular are essential in our theological reflection on the concept of church. The main trends in the theology of the Deuteronomistic history are discussed, namely that YHWH is a unique, sovereign and almighty God who elected Israel and made a covenant with them. His steadfast love and preparedness to forgive, as well as his judgement on those who disobey him, serve as an appeal to Israel to honor and obey him in absolute loyalty. The article concludes with the notion that the very existence of the religious community is totally de pendatil on the grace and love of God, and that its members are therefore committed to him and to one another with the prophetic word as their hope for the future.

scholarly journals The economic crisis and future imaginaries: How the economic crisis has affected people’s future imaginaries

Digithum ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Helen Sophia Schönborn ◽  
Bertjan Doosje
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Life Story ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Personal Life ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Future ◽  
Life Story Interviews ◽  
Images Of The Future ◽  
The Given

This study looks at how people construct future imaginaries and how this has been influenced by the economic crisis of 2008/2009. Future imaginaries are conceived as a realm of plans and wishes for the future, which depend not only on an individual’s personal life history, but also on the given social/historical context (Cantó-Milà and Seebach, 2015). The economic crisis, which affected all European countries, has been portrayed as a far-reaching societal event; therefore, it may have an impact on people’s future imaginaries. For this study, life story interviews were conducted in Germany and Spain, two countries with different experiences of the economic crisis. The interviews were analyzed using a grounded theory-inspired approach guided by the concepts of images of the future, figures, and imaginaries of the future developed by Cantó-Milà and Seebach (2015). The economic crisis affected participants’ future imagination in Spain and Germany in different ways. While German participants’ outlook on the future remained unchanged by the crisis, Spanish interviewees’ accounts indicated three changes in mentality: the labor market is now perceived as less stable than before; young people have to be more prepared – meaning they need higher-level qualifications; younger Spaniards aim to live and work in foreign countries. The reasons and dynamics behind this mentality change are discussed.

scholarly journals ON FINDING THE THEOLOGICAL MESSAGE OF OLD TESTAMENT BOOKS: A PLEA FOR PAYING ATTENTION TO THE REDEMPTIVE-HISTORICAL CONTEXT

2019 ◽  
pp. 45-60
Author(s):  
GERT KWAKKEL
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Biblical Theology ◽  
Broad Context ◽  
Sermon Series ◽  
History Of ◽  
Theological Message

What is the theological message of an Old Testament book? How should one proceed in attempts to trace and formulate it? The answer to these questions is vital for the study biblical theology. These are likewise relevant for students working on the exegesis of a pericope or ministers preparing a sermon series on a specific book. In this study, I will argue that it is not only helpful but also necessary to pay more attention to the position of the books in the broad context of the history of Israel and the history of redemption. As this context is particularly relevant for the interpretation of the historical books and the prophets, I will focus on examples taken from these books.

scholarly journals Die filosofie kan die teologie help om weg te beweeg van �n onhistoriese, sinkroniese interpretasie van tekste na �n historiese, diakroniese interpretasie van tekste

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter H.J. Labuschagne ◽  
Jurie H. Le Roux
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Reception History ◽  
Present Form ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Absolute Truth ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hans Georg Gadamer ◽  
Theology And Philosophy

In the last few decades in South Africa, much emphasis has been placed on unhistorical, synchronistic interpretations of the text of the Old Testament. Very little effort has been made to look into the long historical development of the text from the sources to the present form. Sometimes the advocates of these synchronistic approaches even responded with hostility towards any approach that would, in their words, deny the authority of the text. Their search was for absolute truth, which they believed could be secured by their methods. The uncertainties of historical research were not attractive to them. In this article, we briefly look at Gerhard Von Rad�s Traditionsgeschichte [History of Traditions] and Hans-Georg Gadamer�s Wirkungsgeschichte [Reception History] and point out that mankind is rooted in history. We thus come to understanding through a process that is tied to our historical horisons. Furthermore, it will become clear that theology and philosophy can help one another in defining the process of understanding.

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