Investigating the effect of behavioral and demographic characteristics of Iranian women on the number of children ever born

Objectives. This study aimed to assess and make a pattern of factors causing stroke leading to cerebral haemorrhage in male patients as well as to assess association of demographic characteristics, diet and disease with haemorrhagic stroke in Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. Methods. In a cross sectional questionnaire based interviewing study, a questionnaire was designed to access the pattern of factors causing stroke leading to cerebral haemorrhage in male patients. Total 339 cases (adult male who had haemorrhagic stroke) were identified from two government and four private hospitals in Quetta City, Province Balochistan, Pakistan. The study was conducted within the time period of 9 months, from March to November, 2015. The data was piloted and then final data was analysed by using IBM SPSS 22. Results. In demographic characteristic study of patients, majority 219 (64.6%) were among the age group between 51 years and above, 330 (97.3%) were married, majority 186 (54.9%) were having urban residence and 277 (81.7%) were having own residence ownership, 127 (37.5%) were having addiction to smoking and 120 (35.4%) were addicted to tobacco and snuff. 124 (36.6%) were reluctant to mention whether their patients were either smokers or not. Among total 339 patients, majority 284 (83.8%) were not doing physical exercise routinely or if they were recommended by the physician. Among the 339 patients, all 339 (100%) of patients selected the multiple options among all given options (headache, unconscious/loss of consciousness, pain in neck). Conclusions. Demographic characteristics, low level of education, low income, urban residence in combined family setup, married, increased number of children are associated with hemorrhagic stroke. Smoking, tobacco and snuffing may also cause stroke. Lack of physical exercise, past history of stroke, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, hypertension (personal or family) of any type does not significantly cause stroke but may increase the risk of stroke. The order of events suddenly happened to the hemorrhagic patients are headache, pain in neck, vomiting and finally state of unconsciousness.

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Estimation of Cohort Fertility Using Parity Progression Ratio

Curriculum Development Journal ◽

10.3126/cdj.v0i42.33209 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 18-28

Author(s):

Dhanendra Veer Shakya

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Fertility Level ◽

Parity Progression ◽

Birth Cohorts ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Parity Progression Ratio ◽

History Of ◽

Cohort Fertility ◽

Children Ever Born ◽

Using Data

This study attempts to analyze the levels and patterns of cohort fertility in Nepal in 2016 using data on parity progression ratios (PPRs). Simple PPRs, rather than synthetic PPRs or birth history of women, are used in this study from distribution of women by age and children ever born. Data on PPRs are used from 2016 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey to estimate cohort fertility of currently married and all women separately. Fertility is analyzed for different birth cohorts of women, specifically for birth cohorts of age groups 45-49, 20-24, 25-29, and 30-34 years, beside overall span of reproductive ages (15-49) for different purposes. The PPRs data are employed in this study in three different ways such as PPRs itself, proportion of women with at least ‘N’ number of children ever born (CEB), and cohort fertility rates. All three measures are implied to estimate cohort fertility of both currently married and all women separately. Fertility patterns are almost similar in all the three methods and other the measures show that the level of cohort fertility is still a little higher in Nepal, although it is declining gradually over time. The completed cohort fertility is estimated at around 4 in Nepal in 2016. The contribution of this article will be to check fertility level by applying this simple, but less common, method in estimating cohort fertility.

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Genome-wide analysis identifies genetic effects on reproductive success and ongoing natural selection at the FADS locus

10.1101/2020.05.19.104455 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Iain Mathieson ◽

Felix R. Day ◽

Nicola Barban ◽

Felix C. Tropf ◽

David M. Brazel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Selection ◽

Reproductive Success ◽

European Ancestry ◽

Age At First Birth ◽

Hormone Regulation ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Two Generations ◽

Reproductive Ageing ◽

Children Ever Born ◽

Using Data

AbstractIdentifying genetic determinants of reproductive success may highlight mechanisms underlying fertility and also identify alleles under present-day selection. Using data in 785,604 individuals of European ancestry, we identify 43 genomic loci associated with either number of children ever born (NEB) or childlessness. These loci span diverse aspects of reproductive biology across the life course, including puberty timing, age at first birth, sex hormone regulation and age at menopause. Missense alleles in ARHGAP27 were associated with increased NEB but reduced reproductive lifespan, suggesting a trade-off between reproductive ageing and intensity. As NEB is one component of evolutionary fitness, our identified associations indicate loci under present-day natural selection. Accordingly, we find that NEB-increasing alleles have increased in frequency over the past two generations. Furthermore, integration with data from ancient selection scans identifies a unique example of an allele—FADS1/2 gene locus—that has been under selection for thousands of years and remains under selection today. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that diverse biological mechanisms contribute to reproductive success, implicating both neuro-endocrine and behavioural influences.

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Intergenerational Transmission of Reproductive Behavior during the Demographic Transition

Journal of Interdisciplinary History ◽

10.1162/jinh_a_00304 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 543-569 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Julia A. Jennings ◽

Allison R. Sullivan ◽

J. David Hacker

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Behavior ◽

Marital Fertility ◽

Fertility Transition ◽

Fertility Control ◽

Population Database ◽

Marriage Age ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Intergenerational Ties ◽

Children Ever Born ◽

New Evidence

New evidence from the Utah Population Database (updp) reveals that at the onset of the fertility transition, reproductive behavior was transmitted across generations—between women and their mothers, as well as between women and their husbands' family of origin. Age at marriage, age at last birth, and the number of children ever born are positively correlated in the data, most strongly among first-born daughters and among cohorts born later in the fertility transition. Intergenerational ties, including the presence of mothers and mothers-in-law, influenced the hazard of progressing to a next birth. The findings suggest that the practice of parity-dependent marital fertility control and inter-birth spacing behavior derived, in part, from the previous generation and that the potential for mothers and mothers-in-law to help in the rearing of children encouraged higher marital fertility.

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Factors Influencing Domestic Violence Against Married Women in Bangladesh : Evidence From Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey

Journal of Medical Science & Research ◽

10.47648/jmsr.2013.v2001.07 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 20 (Number 1) ◽

pp. 40-51

Author(s):

F Alam ◽

B U Khan ◽

M Shakil ◽

MS Laskar

Keyword(s):

Domestic Violence ◽

Violence Against Women ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Suspected Case ◽

Government Organization ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Victims Of Violence ◽

Children Ever Born ◽

Source Of Information

Violence against women is a common and menacing phenomenon in Bangladesh-and domestic violence is the most common form which includes pushing, shaking or throwing of any objects, slapping, punching with fist or something harmful, kicking or dragging, trying of choke or burn, threatening with knife/gun or other weapon, twisting arm or pulling hair. In the study mean age of the respondents were 30.66 (±8.904) and 62.5% respondents lived in Rural areas where higher prevalence of abuse has been observed. The reasons mentioned through out the country for abuse were inconsequential and included failure to perform household work and care of children, economic problems, food crisis, refusal to bring dowry, disobeying husband/elder, unemployment status of husband, suspected case of infidelity etc. Factors influencing domestic violence were lack of education both in respondents or their spouse, lack of exposure to magazine or source of information, current married, large number of children ever born etc. The majority of abused women remained silent about their experience because of the high acceptance of violence within society, only a few shared the matter with neighbor, father/mother or other relatives. A very small proportion of women approached institutional sources for help. Interestingly, violence increased with membership of women in any non government organization or mother club or relating to any income generating process. It is furthermore disgraceful to find that the women with lower body mass index are the higher group of population who are the high-flying victims of violence. In rural or urban Bangladesh, women's physical, mental, social and economic circumstances may influence their risk of domestic violence in multifaceted and paradoxical ways. Therefore findings suggest discussing policy propositions to overcome current realities.

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ARE FATALISM AND OPTIMISM AN OBSTACLE TO DEVELOPING SELF-PROTECTING BEHAVIORS? STUDY WITH A TURKISH SAMPLE

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.2006.34.1.51 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 51-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ayse Sibel Türküm

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Marital Status ◽

Traffic Accident ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Personal Experiences ◽

Turkish People ◽

Status Number

This study investigates the differences in self-protecting behaviors (SPB) related to earthquakes and traffic accidents in terms of demographic characteristics, having experiences of these events, fatalistic view, and optimistic expectations among a cohort of Turkish people (N = 398). Results show that SPB of the participants vary according to the interaction among gender, marital status, number of children, and to the interaction among personal experiences of traffic accident and/or earthquake, and relatives/friends' experiences of traffic accidents. The results of regression analysis showed that marital status, gender and optimism predict SPB.

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Grounds for divorce in England and Wales—a social and demographic analysis

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s0021932000016084 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 127-153 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

John C. Haskey

Keyword(s):

Social Class ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Demographic Analysis ◽

Dependent Children ◽

England And Wales ◽

Divorce Law ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Socioeconomic Changes ◽

The Social ◽

Demographic Features

SummaryThis paper examines the social and demographic features of divorcing couples by the grounds on which their decrees are made absolute and by the party granted the divorce. The demographic characteristics include ages at marriage and at divorce of husbands and of wives granted decrees, duration of marriage, number of children, and the social class of both the husband and the wife. The data are also analysed for particular categories of couples: those in which the wife is a housewife, couples where the husband is unemployed, couples who have a child which was pre-maritally conceived, and couples who have dependent children. There are clear and interesting differences in the demographic characteristics of couples who successfully petition on the various grounds, suggesting that the law is used in different ways by different couples. Reasons for the observed patterns are considered. The data provide some basis for assessing the possible repercussions on divorce of socioeconomic changes, and for informed discussion on whether and how divorce law might sensibly be improved.

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Fertility Behaviour among the Bote Women of Chitwan District, Nepal

The Third Pole Journal of Geography Education ◽

10.3126/ttp.v18i0.27993 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 35-44

Author(s):

Keshav Raj Dhakal

Keyword(s):

Fertility Behavior ◽

Primary Data ◽

Secondary Sources ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Awareness Programs ◽

Lower Fertility ◽

Newly Married ◽

Children Ever Born ◽

Controlling Measures ◽

Age Of Marriage

This paper highlights on fertility behavior of Bote women by calculating the mean children ever born (CEB) focusing the case of Chitawan district. Fertility behavior helps to know about the factors that influence on child birth and indirectly to control population growth. Relevant data were obtained from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data were collected through interview and field observation. For this, a total of 48 newly married women of Bote community between the age of 15 and 49 years were purposefully selected and interviewed. The study showed that the average number of children ever born in the study area is found 2.64. In recent years, mean CEB has been increasing in this community with the increase in age of marriage and education. The CEB also varies by types of occupation. Women involved in diversified occupations have lower fertility rate as compared to women involved in non-diversified traditional occupations. Nowadays, with the increase in level of education, number of women using contraceptive has been increasing. However, still a large section of fertile aged women do not use such birth controlling measures. Awareness programs/campaigns for increasing education and use of contraceptives and income generating activities further help to improve the situation.

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Women born to older mothers have reduced fertility: Evidence from a natural fertility population

10.1101/2020.09.18.303602 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Niels van den Berg ◽

Ingrid van Dijk ◽

Rick Mourits

Keyword(s):

Neonatal Mortality ◽

Natural Fertility ◽

Mixed Effect ◽

Older Mothers ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Sibling Relations ◽

Poisson Models ◽

Two Generations ◽

Human Mutation ◽

Children Ever Born

AbstractAre daughters of older mothers less fertile? The human mutation rate is high and increases with chronological age. As female oocytes age, they become less functional, reducing female chances at successful reproduction. Increased oocyte mutation loads at advanced age may be passed on to offspring, decreasing fertility among daughters born to older mothers. In this paper we study the effects of maternal ageing on her daughter’s fertility, including total number of children, age at last birth, and neonatal mortality among her children. We study fertility histories of two generations of women from disjoint families from a pre-transitional historical population in the Dutch province of Zeeland. Using mixed effect Poisson models to take within family (sibling) relations into account, we show that fertility is reduced among married daughters who were born at advanced maternal age, with fewer children ever born and earlier ages at last birth. We do not find consistent evidence for effects on neonatal mortality. These results may indicate that women born to older mothers are negatively affected by their mothers’ increased oocyte mutation load.

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Exploring the genetic correlations of antisocial behavior and life history traits

10.1101/247411 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Jorim J. Tielbeek ◽

J.C. Barnes ◽

Arne Popma ◽

Tinca J.C. Polderman ◽

James J. Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Antisocial Behavior ◽

Reproductive Output ◽

Behavioral Genetics ◽

Genetic Correlations ◽

Antisocial Behaviors ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Reproductive Onset ◽

History Approach ◽

Children Ever Born

AbstractPrior evolutionary theory provided reason to suspect that measures of development and reproduction would be correlated with antisocial behaviors in human and non-human species. Behavioral genetics has revealed that most quantitative traits are heritable, suggesting that these phenotypic correlations may share genetic etiologies. We use GWAS data to estimate the genetic correlations between various measures of reproductive development (N= 52,776 – 318,863) and antisocial behavior (N= 31,968). Our genetic correlation analyses demonstrate that alleles associated with higher reproductive output (number of children ever born, rg=0.50, p=.0065) were positively correlated with alleles associated with antisocial behavior, whereas alleles associated with more delayed reproductive onset (age of first birth, rg=-.64, p=.0008) were negatively associated with alleles linked to antisocial behavior. Ultimately, these findings coalesce with evolutionary theories suggesting that increased antisocial behaviors may partly represent a faster life history approach, which may be significantly calibrated by genes.

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