scholarly journals Actividad física realizada por escolares españoles según edad y género (Physical activity carried out by Spanish schoolchildren according to age and gender)

Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 238-245
Author(s):  
José Eugenio Rodríguez-Fernández ◽  
Javier Rico-Díaz ◽  
Pedro Josué Neira-Martín ◽  
Rubén Navarro-Patón

  Estilos de vida poco saludables, asociados a casos de sedentarismo, obesidad y sobrepeso, constituyen un grave problema de salud de la población infantil en España. A pesar de los esfuerzos de organismos como la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) por promover programas de promoción y educación para la salud en los colegios, los índices de sobrepeso y obesidad siguen siendo muy elevados en nuestro país. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el nivel de actividad física en escolares españoles de 5º y 6º de educación primaria. Participaron 1009 estudiantes de 10 y 12 años (Medad = 10.85, DE = 0.79), empleando como instrumento para la recogida de datos el Inventario de Actividad Física Habitual para Escolares (IAFHE). Los resultados muestran diferencias estadísticamente significativas respecto del género y la práctica deportiva fuera del colegio (NPFC) (p < .001), la práctica de actividad física durante el recreo (AFDR) (p < .001) y la práctica de actividades sedentarias (PAS) (p < .001); también, respecto de la edad y la AFDR (p = .001). Los niños practican mayor cantidad de actividad física que las niñas dentro y fuera del colegio, pero, en ambos casos, están por debajo de las recomendaciones de la OMS, debiendo reflexionar sobre los hábitos saludables fomentados desde la educación física escolar.  Abstract. Unhealthy lifestyles, associated with cases of sedentary lifestyle, obesity and overweight, constitute a serious health problem for children in Spain. Despite the efforts of organizations, such as the World Health Organization (WHO), to promote health promotion and education programs in schools, rates of overweight and obesity remain very high in our country. The objective of this study was to determine the level of physical activity in Spanish students of 5th and 6th grade of primary education. A total of 1009 students of 10 and 12 years old (Mage = 10.85, DE = 0.79), responded the Inventory of Habitual Physical Activity for Schoolchildren (IAFHE), used as the instrument for data collection. The results show statistically significant differences by gender and out-of-school sports practice (NPOS) (p < .001), physical activity during recess (PADR) (p < .001) and sedentary activities (PSA) (p < .001); by age and PADR as well (p = .001). Boys practice more physical activity than girls in and out of school, but, in both cases, they are below WHO recommendations, which should arouse a reflection on healthy habits promoted through school physical education.

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-135
Author(s):  
Virtudes Peláez-Flor ◽  
Alejandro Prieto-Ayuso

El ámbito educativo es uno de los pilares fundamentales a través del cual el sedentarismo puede ser combatido. En este sentido, la asignatura de Educación Física es considerada como pieza clave para aumentar los niveles de actividad física en los alumnos. Sin embargo, debido a que las propias clases de Educación Física resultan insuficientes para aumentar los niveles de actividad física recomendados por la Organización Mundial de la Salud, surgen los descansos activos, cuyo objetivo principal es reducir las conductas sedentarias y la obesidad en los alumnos, por medio de AF estructurada en las aulas. Así pues, el objetivo principal del presente trabajo es presentar un programa de descansos activos para Educación Primaria, titulado Aprendo Moviéndome. Con este programa, se pretende ofrecer un nuevo recurso al profesorado de Educación Primaria a través del cual poder aplicar breves sesiones de actividad física con los alumnos para poder lograr beneficios como la mejora de salud, la atención, el comportamiento o el rendimiento académico, entre otros. El programa Aprendo Moviéndome está compuesto por ocho sesiones de descansos activos de una duración de entre 10 y 12 minutos, diseñados para trabajar en clase o en el patio del colegio durante el horario lectivo por el maestro. Las sesiones han sido diseñadas para trabajar contenidos curriculares pertenecientes al Real Decreto 126/2014 de Educación Primaria. Cada descanso activo está dividido en tres partes: calentamiento, desarrollo y vuelta a la calma. Como prospectiva de investigación se recomienda la aplicación del programa a un contexto real, con el propósito de conocer fortalezas y debilidades del mismo. The educational context is one of the fundamental pillars through which sedentary lifestyle can be reduced. In that sense, Physical Education is considered a key element to increase physical activity levels in children. However, due to the fact that only the PE subject is insufficient to increase the PA levels recommended by the World Health Organization, active breaks emerged. The main objective of active breaks is to reduce sedentary behaviors and obesity in students, through structured physical activity in classrooms. Thus, the main objective of this work is to present an active break program for Primary Education, entitled Aprendo Moviéndome. With this program, it is intended to offer a new resource to primary teachers through which they can apply short physical activity sessions with students, with the purpose to achieve benefits related to health, attention, behavior or academic performance, among others. The Aprendo Moviéndome program is made up of eight sessions between ten and 12 minutes. It has been designed to be conducted in class or in the schoolyard during school hours by the teacher. The sessions have been designed to work on curricular content belonging to Royal Decree 126/2014 of Primary Education. Each session is divided into three parts: warm-up, development, and cool down. As prospective investigation, the application of the program to a real context is recommended, with the purpose of knowing its strengths and weaknesses.


2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessio Vieno ◽  
Massimo Santinello ◽  
Maria Cristiana Martin

SUMMARYAims – The prevalence of overweight and obesity and the role of possible related factors were analysed among Italian early adolescents. Method – The survey reported here is part of the larger “Health Behaviour in School Aged Children” (HBSC) trans-national study, which is co-ordinated by the European Office of the World Health Organization. The data were gathered through self-administered questionnaires filled out by a representative sample of 4,386 (48.4% males) Italian students (11-, 13- and 15-year old). Results – The overall prevalence is 16.7% for overweight and 2.5% for obesity. Boys are more at risk than girls for the two phenomena. Moreover, age group, mother's education, area of residence, physical activity, and sedentary behaviour show a significant association with both outcomes. Conclusion – Findings of the present study are in agreement with similar studies carried out on early adolescents population, showing that prevalence in overweight and obesity decreases during this phase and is more diffused among boys than girls. The prevalence of both diseases is higher in the South and Islands. Sedentary behaviour and physical activity are substantive factors which preventive interventions could act on.Declaration of Interest: the HBSC study is partly funded by the University of Padova through a scholarship attributed to Dr. Alessio Vieno (Year 2001 – prot. CPDR013233).


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-39
Author(s):  
Abdullah Al-Taiar ◽  
Nawal Alqaoud ◽  
Ali H. Ziyab ◽  
Faheema Alanezi ◽  
Monica Subhakaran ◽  
...  

Abstract Objectives: This study aimed to examine age-specific trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren in Kuwait over a 13-year period (2007 to 2019) using the World Health Organization (WHO), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the International Obesity Taskforce (IOTF) definitions. Design: Using cross-sectional approach, Kuwait Nutrition Surveillance System (KNSS) objectively measured weight and height of schoolchildren over a 13-year period. Log-binomial regression models were used to examine age-specific trends of obesity and overweight over the study period. Setting: Public primary, middle, and high schools in all provinces of Kuwait. Participants: Schoolchildren aged 5-19 years (N 172 603) Results: According to the WHO definition, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren respectively increased from 17.73% and 21.37% in 2007 to 20.19% and 28.39% in 2019 (P for trends<0.001). There is evidence that the obesity in females (but not males) has levelled off in the period 2014-2019 according to the three definitions of obesity, which is corroborated by a similar trend in the mean of BMI-for-age Z score. Conclusion: The prevalence of obesity and overweight in schoolchildren in Kuwait has risen over the last 13 years and trends are similar across all definitions. Obesity is no longer increasing at the same pace and there is evidence that the prevalence of obesity in females has plateaued. The current level of childhood overweight and obesity is too high and requires community-based and school-based interventions.


Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
Carlos Peñarrubia-Lozano ◽  
Lucía Romero-Roso ◽  
María Olóriz-Nivela ◽  
Manuel Lizalde-Gil

Resumen. La práctica regular de actividad física es uno de los elementos que determinan la calidad de vida de las personas. En este sentido, la Organización Mundial de la Salud define como parámetros mínimos para población adulta entre 18 y 64 años la realización de 150 minutos semanales de actividad física aeróbica moderada, 75 minutos de actividad física vigorosa o una combinación equivalente de ambas. En este estudio se ha analizado la influencia que la metodología por desafío presenta en la consecución de dichas recomendaciones. Para ello, han participado 80 estudiantes (13 hombres y 67 mujeres) de los grados universitarios de Magisterio en Educación Primaria (52) y en Educación Infantil (28) de la Facultad de Educación (Universidad de Zaragoza), con una media de edad de 21.5±.83 años. Fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en tres grupos experimentales: grupo uno, con medidas tradicionales de promoción de actividad física; grupo dos, disponiendo de aplicaciones para dispositivos móviles; grupo tres, utilizando pulseras de actividad física. Se utilizó el cuestionario IPAQ para comprobar la cantidad de actividad física realizada. De forma específica se empleó el cuestionario AMPEF para valorar las razones de aumento del ejercicio físico. Los resultados muestran una mejora en el número de estudiantes que cumple con las recomendaciones saludables después de siete semanas. El factor desafío aparece como una razón destacable en los tres grupos experimentales. Los grupos dos y tres destacan la inmediatez de la información facilitada por las herramientas TIC, que permite un mayor control y seguimiento de los retos de práctica planteados. Abstract. Regular practice of physical activity is one of the elements that determine people’s quality of life. In this respect, the World Health Organization defines 150 minutes per week of moderate aerobic physical activity, 75 minutes of vigorous physical activity, or an equivalent combination of both, as minimum parameters for the adult population aged between 18 and 64 years old. In this study we analyzed the influence that a challenge methodology has on the achievement of these recommendations. To this end, 80 students (13 men and 67 women) from the university degrees in Teaching in Primary School Education (52) and Nursery School Education (28) of the Faculty of Education (University of Zaragoza), with an average age of 21.5±.83 years old, participated in the study. They were randomly distributed into three experimental groups: group one, with traditional measures to promote physical activity; group two, using applications for mobile devices; group three, using physical activity bracelets. The IPAQ questionnaire was used to collect data on the amount of physical activity performed. Specifically, reasons for increased physical exercise were collected using the AMPEF questionnaire. The results showed an improvement in the number of students fulfilling the healthy recommendations after seven weeks. The challenge factor appears as a remarkable reason in the three experimental groups. Groups two and three highlighted the immediacy of the information provided by the ICT tools, which allows greater control and monitoring of the exercise challenges posed.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 2473011420S0030
Author(s):  
Seiji Kimura ◽  
Satoshi Yamaguchi ◽  
Yoshimasa Ono

Category: Ankle Arthritis Introduction/Purpose: Maintaining physical activity (PA) is important for reducing the risk of lifestyle-related diseases and fundamental to keep healthy. PA is reduced in patients with knee and hip osteoarthritis, but PA of patients with ankle osteoarthritis has not been clarified. The purpose of this research is to compare PA level and proportion of patients who meet recommendations for health between ankle osteoarthritis and control patients. Methods: The subjects were 50 patients with ankle osteoarthritis (OA group), and 50 patients with minor hand disease matched by age and gender (control Group), who visited our outpatient clinic from October 2016 to April 2019. Both groups had 16 men and 34 women, with an average age of 68 years for the OA group and 66 years for the control group. The visual analogue scale for foot pain was 5.5 on average in the OA group and 0.3 in the control group. The physical activity for one week was measured using a tri-axial accelerometer. Unpaired t-tests were used to compare the number of steps per day and moderate or higher activity time between the OA group and the control group. The proportions of the OA group and the control group that met the recommendations set by Japan and the World Health Organization were compared using Fisher’s exact test. Results: The number of steps per day was 4177 +- 2312 steps in the OA group and 6802 +- 2851 steps in the control group, which was significantly lower in the OA group (p <0.001). Moderate PA time was 448 +- 232 minutes in the OA group and 634 +- 336 minutes in the control group, OA group was significantly lower (p = 0.02). Vigorous PA time was no difference between the two groups. The WHO recommendations were met by 45 patients in the OA group and 48 in the control group, no difference. The Japanese criterion were met by 33 patients in the OA group and 46 in the control group, which was significantly lower in the OA group (p = 0.001). Conclusion: PA of patients with ankle osteoarthritis was less than control patients. The proportion of patients meeting recommendations for health was lower in the OA group than the control group.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Cesar Faúndez Casanova ◽  
Eleazar Falcón Canales ◽  
Nicolás Silva Moya ◽  
Vanessa Vergara Peredo ◽  
Víctor Contreras Mellado

The present study used the recommendations of the World Health Organization to measure nutritional status, doing so through the body mass index. The purpose of the study is to relate the nutritional status of kindergarten and first grade students from two municipal schools in the Maule region with the eating habits and physical activity perceived by the parents. 87 kindergarten and first grade students were evaluated. The results show that in kindergarten overweight and obesity reached (76.2%) respectively, and in first grade an overweight and obesity of (70.6%), however, no greater relationship was found between knowledge of the parents of the importance of physical activity in the life of their children and their nutritional status as well as in the eating habits that they reported of their children in relation to nutritional status. Students are in a nutritional state of risk and the perception of parents is low in terms of the knowledge they have regarding the practice of physical activity and eating habits, being directly related to the poor nutritional status that they present.


2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. J Lateef ◽  
E Njogu ◽  
F. Kiplamai ◽  
U. S Haruna ◽  
R. A Lawal

Adolescents and childhood overweight and obesity have been observed as one of the serious public health challenges of the 21st century by World Health Organization. This study identified the determinants of overweight and obesity among adolescents in public schools in Kwara state, Nigeria. Multistage and stratified sampling techniques were used to randomly select 515 participants which comprised of 343 girls and 172 boys aged (10-19) years in 8 public secondary schools from 32 schools in 2 zonal inspectorate divisions. Data was collected using modified Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A). Digital bathroom scale and stadiometer were used to measure weight and height of the participants. (SPSS, Version 20) and WHO Anthroplus were used to analyze the data Overall prevalence of overweight is (4.7%) and obesity (0.2%), while prevalence for male and female overweight (0.6%, 6.7%) and obesity (0%, 0.3%) respectively. Calculated mean BMI for age of the participants was (19.72± 2.62) kg/m2. Overweight and obesity were positive but weakly correlated to food consumption (FC) of participants (r= 0.012), however the relationship was significant (p< 0.001). Furthermore, overweight and obesity were negatively correlated with no significance to the physical activity level of participants (r=-0.105). Participants need to consume more of low calorie foods such as fruits and vegetables and should also engage in more physical activity practices such as aerobics to lower overweight and obesity prevalence.


2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juana Willumsen ◽  
Fiona Bull

Background: Physical inactivity is a leading risk factor for global mortality and a contributor to the increase in overweight and obesity. The Commission on Ending Childhood Obesity identified the need for guidance on physical activity, particularly for early childhood (<5 y), a period of rapid physical and cognitive development. Methods: The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed the first global guidelines on physical activity, sedentary, and sleep behaviors, building upon high-quality systematic reviews. The WHO guideline process is a rigorous, systematic, and transparent method for the development of recommendations, using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation Evidence to Decision framework. It takes into consideration the strength of the evidence as well as values and preferences, benefits and harms, equity and human rights. Results: The authors summarize the first global guidelines on time spent in physical activity, sedentary behavior (including screen time and time spent restrained), and sleep patterns in infants (birth to 1 y of age), toddlers (1–2.9 y of age), and preschoolers (3–4.9 y of age). Conclusions: WHO is actively disseminating and supporting implementation of these guidelines by national adoption and adaptation, through links with early childhood development and the Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018–2030.


Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 705-713
Author(s):  
Joao Cheira ◽  
Adilson Marques ◽  
João Martins ◽  
Miguel Peralta ◽  
Miguel Ángel González Valeiro

Este estudo analisou a oferta de uma escola internacional com o currículo International Baccalaureate (IB) para que os alunos, de ambos os sexos, possam cumprir as recomendações de atividade física (AF) da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS). Participaram 236 alunos (118 rapazes e 118 raparigas) com idades compreendidas dos 10 aos 17 anos, a diretora da escola e um grupo focal de 12 alunos. Utilizou-se mixed methods, através de entrevista com a diretora da escola, grupo focal de alunos e questionários aplicados aos alunos. Foram avaliados: a frequência no Desporto Escolar (DE); a perceção da carga horária do DE; as perspetivas sobre o currículo IB; o ambiente físico e social da escola. Após as análises, verificou-se que há mais rapazes a cumprir as recomendações de AF da OMS do que raparigas, que os alunos podem cumprir essas mesmas recomendações apenas com atividades realizadas na escola e que o currículo IB possibilita que os alunos realizem desportos variados oriundos de diferentes países. Resumen. Este estudio analizó la oferta de un colegio internacional con el plan de estudios de Bachillerato Internacional (BI) para que los alumnos, de ambos géneros, puedan cumplir con las recomendaciones de actividad física (AF) de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Participaron 236 estudiantes (118 niños y 118 niñas) de 10 a 17 años, el director de la escuela y un grupo focal de 12 estudiantes. Se utilizaron métodos mixtos, a través de una entrevista con el director de la escuela, un grupo focal de estudiantes y cuestionarios aplicados a los estudiantes. Se evaluaron: frecuencia en Deporte Escolar (DE); la percepción de la carga de trabajo de DE; perspectivas sobre el currículo del BI y el entorno físico y social de la escuela. Después de los análisis, se encontró que hay más niños que niñas que cumplen con las recomendaciones de AF de la OMS, que los estudiantes solo pueden cumplir estas recomendaciones con actividades realizadas en el colegio y que el currículo del IB permite a los estudiantes practicar deportes variados de diferentes países. Abstract. This study analysed what does an international school with the curriculum International Baccalaureate (IB) offer so that students from both genders can fulfil the recommendations for physical activity from the World Health Organization (WHO). A total of 236 (118 boys and 118 girls) students, ages between 10 and 17 years old participated in the study, the school principal and a focus group of 12 students also participated in the study. Mix methods were used, through interview with the school principal, focus group and the questionnaires applied to the students. It was assessed: frequency in the school sports; perception of the time given to school sports; perspectives about the IB curriculum; the physical and social environment of the school. After the analysis, it was possible to verify that there are more boys than girls following the recommendations of physical activity of the WHO. And also, that it is possible for students to follow those recommendations just with activities performed in school and that the IB curriculum gives the students the chance of practicing a variety of sports that come from different parts of the world.


2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Carson ◽  
Michelle Stone ◽  
Guy Faulkner

To make robust conclusions regarding the association between accelerometer-measured sedentary time and overweight and obesity among children, several gaps in the literature must be addressed. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between sedentary time, weekday sedentary time, weekend sedentary time, sedentary bouts, sedentary breaks, and BMI z-score among children and by low (bottom 50%) and high (top 50%) moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) participation. Results are based on 787 children aged 11 years living in Toronto, Canada. Children’s physical activity and sedentary time were objectively assessed using ActiGraph accelerometers in 2010/11. Height and weight were measured and BMI z-scores were calculated based on the World Health Organization growth standards. When participants were stratified into low and high MVPA groups, sedentary bouts of 5–9 (β = 0.22 [95% CI: 0.01, 0.43]) and 10–19 (0.30 [−0.05, 0.55]) minutes for total days were associated with BMI z-score in the low MVPA group only. Similar trends were observed with the weekday but not the weekend variables. Therefore, in addition to increasing MVPA, reducing time spent in 5- to 19-min sedentary bouts may have important implications for weight status particularly for children with lower MVPA participation during the week.


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