Relación entre la adicción al ejercicio, el uso de dispositivos fitness y la ansiedad rasgo (Relationship between exercise addiction, use of fitness devices and trait anxiety)

El reciente auge de la tecnología y su protagonismo en el mundo del fitness han desencadenado la publicación de libros e investigaciones científicas. Además, la reciente preocupación de muchos investigadores por la adicción al ejercicio y sus consecuencias para la salud aumentan la importancia de investigar si estas variables (tecnología, adicción al ejercicio y salud) podrían estar relacionadas de algún modo. Por ello, el objetivo del presente estudio fue investigar si existe o no una asociación entre el uso de dispositivos fitness, la adicción al ejercicio y la ansiedad-rasgo. Para llevar a cabo el presente estudio se analizó una muestra de 102 usuarios de centros deportivos con una media de 30 años de edad, a los cuales se les proporcionó cuestionarios para evaluar el uso de las tecnologías, la adicción al ejercicio (Exercise Addiction Inventory) y el nivel de ansiedad-rasgo (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory). Los resultados mostraron que la mayoría de los sujetos de centros fitness empleaban tecnologías durante sus entrenamientos, siendo mayor el porcentaje de hombres que hacían uso de ellas que de hombres. También se hallaron interesantes correlaciones entre la edad y la adicción al ejercicio físico, así como entre ansiedad-rasgo y adicción al ejercicio físico. Con respecto a qué dispositivos son los más utilizados, los wearables y las apps móviles obtuvieron el mayor porcentaje. No obstante, se hacen necesarias más investigaciones experimentales con muestras más amplias que evalúen un mayor rango de variables asociadas a la salud. Abstract. Recently, the growth of technology and its prominent importance in the world of fitness have triggered the publication of several books and research papers. Moreover, there are a strong concern about exercise addiction and its health consequences among the research community. Variables such as technology, exercise addiction and health could be related with the issue. This study aims at investigating whether there is an association between the use of fitness devices, exercise addiction and trait anxiety. The investigation analyzes a simple of 102 users of fitness centers located in Zaragoza with a mean age of 30 years old. The study uses different questionnaires in order to evaluate: i) the use of technology (own questionnaire), ii) exercise addiction (Exercise Addiction Inventory) and iii) the level of trait anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory). Results indicates that most of the users use technology during their training sessions, being larger the percentage of men than women. Further, interesting associations between age and exercise addiction were found, as well as, between trait anxiety and exercise addiction. In addition, the study highlights that wearables and mobile apps are the trendy devices. Nevertheless, greater range of variables associated with health calls for more experimental studies with larger samples.

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Relation of State and Trait Anxiety to Essential Hypertension

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1983.52.2.355 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 355-358 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Gary D. Foster ◽

Susan T. Bell

Keyword(s):

Essential Hypertension ◽

Trait Anxiety ◽

Objective Measure ◽

The State ◽

Anxiety State ◽

State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽

State And Trait Anxiety ◽

The Relationship

This study used an objective measure of state and trait anxiety to clarify the relationship between level of anxiety and essential hypertension. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was administered to 30 hypertensives and their normotensive spouses. No significant differences were found between the hypertensives and normotensives on either measure of anxiety (state or trait). A significant correlation was noted, however, between the trait-anxiety scores of hypertensives and those of their spouses. The need to examine the role of anxiety in the development versus the maintenance of essential hypertension is discussed.

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Reliability of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1977.40.2.357 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 357-358 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

George F. Nixon ◽

John C. Steffeck

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Trait Anxiety ◽

The State ◽

Anxiety State ◽

State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Anxiety Trait ◽

Test Retest Reliability

The test/retest reliability of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was studied utilizing 49 male freshman medical students. Test/retest reliabilities were obtained for three periods of administration, August-April, August-July, and April-July (8 mo., 11 mo., and 3 mo. respectively). As predicted for anxiety-state, low reliabilities were obtained. Anxiety trait reliabilities varied from .539 to .292. This trend of moderate to low reliabilities over relatively long periods of time may cause researchers to be cautious about long-term predictive reliabilities of anxiety trait.

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Estresse e ansiedade em atletas universitários de handebol no Estado de São Paulo

Caderno de Educação Física e Esporte ◽

10.36453/2318-5104.2019.v17.n2.p83 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 83-92

Author(s):

Rubens Venditti Júnior ◽

Rômulo Dantas Alves ◽

Ivan Wallan Tertuliano ◽

Vivian De Oliveira ◽

Gustavo Lima Isler

Keyword(s):

Trait Anxiety ◽

State Anxiety ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Anxiety State ◽

Stress Process ◽

Emotional States ◽

São Paulo ◽

State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽

Anxiety Trait ◽

University Athletes

Introdução: A competição é intrínseca ao esporte e pode gerar estados emocionais variados, com o potencial de influenciar o rendimento. Dentre estes, a ansiedade aparece como elemento emocional e, em conjunto com o processo de estresse, se configuram como aspectos psicológicos a serem observados. Estes aspectos não são diferentes no esporte universitário e aparecem intensamente nos períodos das competições. Objetivo: Identificar o nível de ansiedade-traço, ansiedade-estado e de estresse em atletas universitários de handebol de duas equipes diferentes do interior do estado de São Paulo. Métodos: A amostra deste estudo foi composta por 22 atletas universitários de handebol, do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 21±1,8 anos. Os atletas responderam ao “Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado” (IDATE) e ao “Situações de Stress no Handebol” (SSH). Resultados: Os resultados indicaram que as situações mais citadas pelos atletas como causadoras de estresse foram: “errar tiros de 7m em momentos decisivos do jogo”; “estar perdendo para equipe tecnicamente inferior”; “errar um arremesso completamente livre”; “arbitragem prejudicar minha equipe”; “ser excluído nos momentos decisivos da partida” e “sofrer gol devido à falha defensiva”. Em relação à ansiedade, os resultados demonstraram que todos os atletas demonstraram, de forma geral, níveis de ansiedade-traço e ansiedade-estado considerados moderados (36,59 e 41,45, respectivamente). Conclusão: Diante dos resultados, pode-se tecer que os atletas investigados apresentaram algumas situações de jogo como estressores e que, em relação a ansiedade, os níveis dos atletas encontram-se moderados.ABSTRACT. Stress and anxiety in handball college athletes. Background: Competition is intrinsic to sport and can generate so many emotional states with the potential to influence performance. Among these states, anxiety appears as emotional element and, in addiction with stress process, they configure themselves as psychological aspects to be observed. These aspects are not different in college sports scope and appear intensively at competition´s periods. Objective: To identify the level of trait anxiety, state anxiety and stress process in university handball athletes of two different teams at São Paulo State in Brazil. Methods: The sample of this study was composed of 22 male handball university athletes, with a mean age of 21±1.8 years. The athletes answered to the “State-Trait Anxiety Inventory” (STAI) and to “Situations of Stress in Handball” (SSH). Results: The results indicated that the situations most cited by athletes as causing stress were: “miss 7-meter shots at decisive moments of the game”; “Being lost to technically inferior staff”; “Miss a pitch completely free”; “Arbitration hamper my team”; “To be excluded in the decisive moments of the game” and “to concede a goal due to defensive failure”. Concerning anxiety, the results showed that all athletes showed, in general, levels of anxiety-trait and anxiety-state considered moderate (36.59 and 41.45, respectively). Conclusion: In view of the results, it can be seen that the athletes investigated presented some situations of play as stressors and that, in relation to anxiety, the levels of the athletes are moderate.

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Heightened anxiety state among parents of sick children attending emergency department using State-Trait Anxiety Inventory

Hong Kong Journal of Emergency Medicine ◽

10.1177/1024907918807384 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 65-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hashim Embong ◽

Chiew Yuen Ting ◽

Muhamad Supi Ramli ◽

Husyairi Harunarashid

Keyword(s):

Emergency Department ◽

Trait Anxiety ◽

State Anxiety ◽

Psychosocial Factor ◽

Anxiety Score ◽

Anxiety State ◽

Parental Anxiety ◽

State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽

The Mean ◽

Sick Children

Background: The anxiety and stress level of both parent and child seeking treatment at the emergency department is assumed to be high. However, it is rarely quantified as to ascertain any need for intervention. Objective: The study seeks to quantify anxiety of parents accompanying sick children presenting acutely to the emergency department and to explore possible pre-visit factors that may contribute to anxiety. Methods: A 12-month cross-sectional study was conducted at the Emergency Department, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre. All parents accompanying a child presenting to the study location, fitting the inclusion and exclusion criteria, were invited to participate. Parents required to fill a self-administered questionnaire on anxiety, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and any related factors that can influence anxiety. Results: A total of 233 subjects were recruited. The mean state anxiety score was 53.48 ± 11.36, compared to the mean score for trait anxiety of 39.85 ± 7.66, suggesting a heightened state of anxiety. Majority of subjects (65.7%) had reported clinically detected anxiety as defined by state anxiety score above 49. There was no significant association between parental anxiety level with pre-visit factors: children’s age, duration of illness, the presence of co-morbidities, time of presentation, prior medical contact and primary care referral. The child’s state of illness was the dominant psychosocial factor associated with parental anxiety reported by the subjects. Conclusion: Parental anxiety upon arrival appeared to be significantly higher than expected, suggesting intervention may be needed.

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Locus of Control and Anxiety in Children from Intact and Maritally Disrupted Families

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1989.65.3.855 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 65 (3) ◽

pp. 855-860 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A. St-Yves ◽

S. Dompierre ◽

M. H. Freeston ◽

C. Jacques ◽

M. Malo

Keyword(s):

Locus Of Control ◽

Trait Anxiety ◽

Marital Disruption ◽

External Control ◽

Anxiety State ◽

State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽

Control Scale ◽

Intact Families ◽

State And Trait Anxiety ◽

Pearson Correlations

This study investigated the associations of Locus of Control (Children Nowicki-Strickland Internal-External Control Scale) with state and trait anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children) in 302 children aged 9 to 12 yr. No significant differences were found between the groups. No significant correlations were found between the anxiety measures and externality for the 31 children from maritally disrupted families, but significant positive Pearson correlations were found for the 271 children of intact families. The results are discussed in terms of the possibility of under-reporting of marital disruption by children.

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Death Anxiety, State and Trait Anxiety in Kuwaitian Samples

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1988.63.3.715 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 63 (3) ◽

pp. 715-718 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Ahmed M. Abdel-Khalek ◽

Maher Mahmoud Omar

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Trait Anxiety ◽

State Anxiety ◽

Death Anxiety ◽

Anxiety State ◽

State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽

Men And Women ◽

State And Trait Anxiety ◽

The Mean ◽

The University

200 male and 277 female undergraduates at the University of Kuwait completed the Templer's Death Anxiety Scale and Spielberger, et al.'s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for which retest reliabilities were adequate. Women had higher mean scores than men on death and trait anxiety but they were similar in state anxiety. The mean death anxiety score for Kuwaitians was very close to that of Egyptians. There was similarity in death anxiety between Kuwaitian and United States men, but not women. Significant differences appeared on trait anxiety, showing the order from low to high mean scores: United States, Kuwaitian, and Egyptian university students. Correlations among the scales were significant; however, the correlation between state and trait anxiety was higher than that between death anxiety and both state and trait anxiety for men and women. Death anxiety was associated more closely with trait than with state anxiety.

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Standardization and Convergent Validation of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory with measures of Personality, Affective Control and, Risk Propensity

10.31234/osf.io/845bj ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Garima Joshi ◽

Chandra Pratap Daksha ◽

V. S. Chandrasekhar Pammi ◽

Bhoomika Rastogi Kar

Keyword(s):

Trait Anxiety ◽

State Anxiety ◽

Protective Factor ◽

The State ◽

Anxiety State ◽

Risk Propensity ◽

State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽

Trait And State Anxiety ◽

Convergent Validation ◽

The Relationship

We standardized the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) on 407 young adults. Norms (high, medium, and low anxiety scores) were derived based on T scores and percentile ranks. Convergent validation was performed using correlation and multiple regression analysis followed by moderation analysis to study the relationship between STAI and NEO-FFI 3, Affective Control Scale, and Risk Propensity Scale. Results suggest that higher openness to experience acts as a protective factor against both state and trait anxiety. State anxiety emerged as a significant predictor for both affective control and risk propensity. While trait anxiety moderated the relationship between personality and affective control as well as personality and risk propensity. Higher levels of trait anxiety seem to increase the disabling effect of neuroticism on affective control; risk propensity is least for low trait anxiety and high conscientiousness. These results highlight the differential effects of types of anxiety and also to investigate the structure of STAI with Trait and State Anxiety not simply as two sides of the same coin but themselves as different constructs. The current study adds to the evidence that STAI is a valuable measure for investigating the effect of anxiety in healthy adults across populations/cultures and that anxiety is correlated with cognitive-affective-predisposition factors.

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Effects of Four Psychological Primary Colors on Anxiety State

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1975.41.1.207 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 207-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 94

Author(s):

Keith W. Jacobs ◽

James F. Suess

Keyword(s):

Trait Anxiety ◽

The State ◽

Anxiety State ◽

Testing Session ◽

State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽

Treatment Groups

Effects of the four psychological primary colors were assessed by randomly assigning 40 undergraduates (13 male, 27 female) to 4 treatment groups, with each group receiving either red, yellow, green, or blue illumination. Anxiety state was assessed at 5-min. intervals using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The red and yellow groups had significantly higher A-state scores than the blue and green groups, and these values did not change significantly during the 15-min. testing session.

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The relation among tinnitus distress, psychoacoustic parameters and anxiety state in hearing-impaired patients with chronic tinnitus: a pilot study

Auditory and Vestibular Research ◽

10.18502/avr.v29i2.2789 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Amin Sharafi ◽

Saied Farahani ◽

Reza Hoseinabadi ◽

Farzaneh Zamiri Abdollahi ◽

Shohreh Jalaie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Trait Anxiety ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hearing Impaired ◽

Chronic Tinnitus ◽

Anxiety State ◽

State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Persian Version

Background and Aim: Anxiety and depression are prevalent psychological disorders accompany tinnitus that have adverse effects on quality of life of these patients and on the outcomes of rehabilitation programs. The goal of this study was determining and quantifying the relation among perceived tinnitus severity, its psychoacoustic parameters and anxiety symptoms in hearing-impaired individuals with subjective chronic tinnitus and residual inhibition (RI) by using Persian version of Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), tinnitus handicap inventory-Persian version (THI-P) and visual analogue scale (VAS) besides psychometric evaluations. Methods: Fourteen patients with chronic tinnitus were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Conventional psychoacoustic tinnitus evaluations (i.e. determining quality of tinnitus, pitch matching, loudness matching, minimum masking level and RI) were conducted for all subjects, and they also completed the Persian version of STAI and THI-P. For screening of tinnitus perceived loudness and distress, VAS was used. Results: There was no correlation among THI-P, VAS scores and psychoacoustic parameters. There was a positive significant correlation between THI-P and Persian STAI scores (r = 0.63; p = 0.01). There was not any significant correlation between tinnitus duration and VAS, STAI or THI-P. There also had no significant correlation between VAS and THI-P (r = 0.56; p = 0.2). Conclusion: The present pilot study showed that Persian version of THI and STAI are correlated questionnaires. Therefore, Persian version of these questionnaires are valuable tools for evaluation of patients with chronic tinnitus. Keywords: Anxiety; tinnitus; tinnitus handicap inventory; state-trait anxiety inventory; visual analog scale; psychoacoustics

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Reduction of State and Trait Anxiety by Kind Firmness Attitude Therapy

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1975.37.1.23 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 23-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Allen P. Wadsworth ◽

Warner Wilson ◽

Harry R. Barker

Keyword(s):

University Students ◽

Trait Anxiety ◽

The State ◽

Anxiety State ◽

State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽

Opposite Pattern ◽

Conventional Form ◽

Differential Effects ◽

State And Trait Anxiety ◽

The Impact

The present study's primary goals were: (a) to determine the impact upon state and trait anxiety of a treatment for depression based on Kind Firmness attitude therapy and (b) to compare the effectiveness of that program with the effectiveness of a more conventional form of therapy. Differential effects of the two programs upon neurotics and psychotics were also examined. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was administered to 16 university students, 32 neurotic and 24 psychotic patients on three occasions. Results indicated that neurotics treated on both programs declined significantly in state and trait anxiety. Psychotics treated by the Kind Firmness attitude therapy regime experienced a significant reduction in unpleasant, consciously perceived feelings of tension and anxiety (state) with no significant changes in anxiety proneness (trait). Psychotics treated on the Conventional program, however, demonstrated an opposite pattern of response, experiencing a significant decrease in trait anxiety with no significant changes in state.

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