Reliability of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
George F. Nixon ◽  
John C. Steffeck

The test/retest reliability of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was studied utilizing 49 male freshman medical students. Test/retest reliabilities were obtained for three periods of administration, August-April, August-July, and April-July (8 mo., 11 mo., and 3 mo. respectively). As predicted for anxiety-state, low reliabilities were obtained. Anxiety trait reliabilities varied from .539 to .292. This trend of moderate to low reliabilities over relatively long periods of time may cause researchers to be cautious about long-term predictive reliabilities of anxiety trait.

1983 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary D. Foster ◽  
Susan T. Bell

This study used an objective measure of state and trait anxiety to clarify the relationship between level of anxiety and essential hypertension. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was administered to 30 hypertensives and their normotensive spouses. No significant differences were found between the hypertensives and normotensives on either measure of anxiety (state or trait). A significant correlation was noted, however, between the trait-anxiety scores of hypertensives and those of their spouses. The need to examine the role of anxiety in the development versus the maintenance of essential hypertension is discussed.


2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-92
Author(s):  
Rubens Venditti Júnior ◽  
Rômulo Dantas Alves ◽  
Ivan Wallan Tertuliano ◽  
Vivian De Oliveira ◽  
Gustavo Lima Isler

Introdução: A competição é intrínseca ao esporte e pode gerar estados emocionais variados, com o potencial de influenciar o rendimento. Dentre estes, a ansiedade aparece como elemento emocional e, em conjunto com o processo de estresse, se configuram como aspectos psicológicos a serem observados. Estes aspectos não são diferentes no esporte universitário e aparecem intensamente nos períodos das competições. Objetivo: Identificar o nível de ansiedade-traço, ansiedade-estado e de estresse em atletas universitários de handebol de duas equipes diferentes do interior do estado de São Paulo. Métodos: A amostra deste estudo foi composta por 22 atletas universitários de handebol, do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 21±1,8 anos. Os atletas responderam ao “Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado” (IDATE) e ao “Situações de Stress no Handebol” (SSH). Resultados: Os resultados indicaram que as situações mais citadas pelos atletas como causadoras de estresse foram: “errar tiros de 7m em momentos decisivos do jogo”; “estar perdendo para equipe tecnicamente inferior”; “errar um arremesso completamente livre”; “arbitragem prejudicar minha equipe”; “ser excluído nos momentos decisivos da partida” e “sofrer gol devido à falha defensiva”. Em relação à ansiedade, os resultados demonstraram que todos os atletas demonstraram, de forma geral, níveis de ansiedade-traço e ansiedade-estado considerados moderados (36,59 e 41,45, respectivamente). Conclusão: Diante dos resultados, pode-se tecer que os atletas investigados apresentaram algumas situações de jogo como estressores e que, em relação a ansiedade, os níveis dos atletas encontram-se moderados.ABSTRACT. Stress and anxiety in handball college athletes. Background: Competition is intrinsic to sport and can generate so many emotional states with the potential to influence performance. Among these states, anxiety appears as emotional element and, in addiction with stress process, they configure themselves as psychological aspects to be observed. These aspects are not different in college sports scope and appear intensively at competition´s periods. Objective: To identify the level of trait anxiety, state anxiety and stress process in university handball athletes of two different teams at São Paulo State in Brazil. Methods: The sample of this study was composed of 22 male handball university athletes, with a mean age of 21±1.8 years. The athletes answered to the “State-Trait Anxiety Inventory” (STAI) and to “Situations of Stress in Handball” (SSH). Results: The results indicated that the situations most cited by athletes as causing stress were: “miss 7-meter shots at decisive moments of the game”; “Being lost to technically inferior staff”; “Miss a pitch completely free”; “Arbitration hamper my team”; “To be excluded in the decisive moments of the game” and “to concede a goal due to defensive failure”. Concerning anxiety, the results showed that all athletes showed, in general, levels of anxiety-trait and anxiety-state considered moderate (36.59 and 41.45, respectively). Conclusion: In view of the results, it can be seen that the athletes investigated presented some situations of play as stressors and that, in relation to anxiety, the levels of the athletes are moderate.


Author(s):  
Stéphane Bouchard ◽  
Hans Ivers ◽  
Janel G. Gauthier ◽  
Marie-Hélène Pelletier ◽  
Josée Savard

ABSTRACTAlthough there are reports that the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) should be adapted to older adults, the standard version of the instrument is consistently used with this population. Bouchard, Gauthier, Ivers and Paradis (1996) have adapted a French version of the STAI for a population of older adults and found one item with extremely low item-remainder correlation. In Study 1 (N = 57), alternative formulations of item 24 were assessed to examine if the low item-remainder correlation was related to problems in translation that could become apparent in a sample of older adults. Study 2 (N= 188) was conducted in order to replicate the findings of Study 1 and assess the factor structure of the instrument. In Study 3, 46 older adults completed the instrument on two occasions with a 35-day interval to assess test-retest reliability. Our results suggest that: (a) item 24 should be removed from the trait anxiety scale and be replaced by the mean of the other anxiety-present items; (b) the instrument has a four-factor structure similar to what is found with the standard version of the STAI in nonelderly samples; and (c) both subscales are highly stable.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garima Joshi ◽  
Chandra Pratap Daksha ◽  
V. S. Chandrasekhar Pammi ◽  
Bhoomika Rastogi Kar

We standardized the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) on 407 young adults. Norms (high, medium, and low anxiety scores) were derived based on T scores and percentile ranks. Convergent validation was performed using correlation and multiple regression analysis followed by moderation analysis to study the relationship between STAI and NEO-FFI 3, Affective Control Scale, and Risk Propensity Scale. Results suggest that higher openness to experience acts as a protective factor against both state and trait anxiety. State anxiety emerged as a significant predictor for both affective control and risk propensity. While trait anxiety moderated the relationship between personality and affective control as well as personality and risk propensity. Higher levels of trait anxiety seem to increase the disabling effect of neuroticism on affective control; risk propensity is least for low trait anxiety and high conscientiousness. These results highlight the differential effects of types of anxiety and also to investigate the structure of STAI with Trait and State Anxiety not simply as two sides of the same coin but themselves as different constructs. The current study adds to the evidence that STAI is a valuable measure for investigating the effect of anxiety in healthy adults across populations/cultures and that anxiety is correlated with cognitive-affective-predisposition factors.


1975 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith W. Jacobs ◽  
James F. Suess

Effects of the four psychological primary colors were assessed by randomly assigning 40 undergraduates (13 male, 27 female) to 4 treatment groups, with each group receiving either red, yellow, green, or blue illumination. Anxiety state was assessed at 5-min. intervals using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The red and yellow groups had significantly higher A-state scores than the blue and green groups, and these values did not change significantly during the 15-min. testing session.


1975 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen P. Wadsworth ◽  
Warner Wilson ◽  
Harry R. Barker

The present study's primary goals were: (a) to determine the impact upon state and trait anxiety of a treatment for depression based on Kind Firmness attitude therapy and (b) to compare the effectiveness of that program with the effectiveness of a more conventional form of therapy. Differential effects of the two programs upon neurotics and psychotics were also examined. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was administered to 16 university students, 32 neurotic and 24 psychotic patients on three occasions. Results indicated that neurotics treated on both programs declined significantly in state and trait anxiety. Psychotics treated by the Kind Firmness attitude therapy regime experienced a significant reduction in unpleasant, consciously perceived feelings of tension and anxiety (state) with no significant changes in anxiety proneness (trait). Psychotics treated on the Conventional program, however, demonstrated an opposite pattern of response, experiencing a significant decrease in trait anxiety with no significant changes in state.


2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Ottosson ◽  
Martin Grann ◽  
Gunnar Kullgren

Summary: Short-term stability or test-retest reliability of self-reported personality traits is likely to be biased if the respondent is affected by a depressive or anxiety state. However, in some studies, DSM-oriented self-reported instruments have proved to be reasonably stable in the short term, regardless of co-occurring depressive or anxiety disorders. In the present study, we examined the short-term test-retest reliability of a new self-report questionnaire for personality disorder diagnosis (DIP-Q) on a clinical sample of 30 individuals, having either a depressive, an anxiety, or no axis-I disorder. Test-retest scorings from subjects with depressive disorders were mostly unstable, with a significant change in fulfilled criteria between entry and retest for three out of ten personality disorders: borderline, avoidant and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. Scorings from subjects with anxiety disorders were unstable only for cluster C and dependent personality disorder items. In the absence of co-morbid depressive or anxiety disorders, mean dimensional scores of DIP-Q showed no significant differences between entry and retest. Overall, the effect from state on trait scorings was moderate, and it is concluded that test-retest reliability for DIP-Q is acceptable.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liyuan Cui ◽  
Yaxin Zhu ◽  
Jinglou Qu ◽  
Liming Tie ◽  
Ziqi Wang ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Critical thinking disposition helps medical students and professionals overcome the effects of personal values and beliefs when exercising clinical judgment. The lack of effective instruments to measure critical thinking disposition in medical students has become an obstacle for training and evaluating students in undergraduate programs in China. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the CTDA test. Methods A total of 278 students participated in this study and responded to the CTDA test. Cronbach’s α coefficient, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, floor effects and ceiling effects were measured to assess the reliability of the questionnaire. Construct validity of the pre-specified three-domain structure of the CTDA was evaluated by explanatory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The convergent validity and discriminant validity were also analyzed. Results Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the entire questionnaire was calculated to be 0.92, all of the domains showed acceptable internal consistency (0.81–0.86), and the test-retest reliability indicated acceptable intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) (0.93, p < 0.01). The EFA and the CFA demonstrated that the three-domain model fitted the data adequately. The test showed satisfactory convergent and discriminant validity. Conclusions The CTDA is a reliable and valid questionnaire to evaluate the disposition of medical students towards critical thinking in China and can reasonably be applied in critical thinking programs and medical education research.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Przymuszała ◽  
Magdalena Cerbin-Koczorowska ◽  
Patrycja Marciniak-Stępak ◽  
Łucja Zielińska-Tomczak ◽  
Martyna Piszczek ◽  
...  

Abstract Background The Communication Skills Attitude Scale (CSAS) is a recognized tool for assessment of attitudes towards communication learning. In the original version, it consists of 26 items divided on theoretical assumptions into two subscales: Positive and Negative Attitudes Scales. However, the evidence for its structure seems unsatisfactory, and a simple division into positive and negative attitudes may be insufficient to describe attitudes of medical students towards communication learning. Moreover, the existing evidence of the test-retest reliability of the CSAS seems limited. Consequently, this study aimed to provide more evidence on its psychometric properties while validating the CSAS questionnaire in a cohort of Polish medical students. Methods The CSAS was translated, adapted into Polish, and validated in a cohort of 389 Polish medical students. Statistical analysis involved, among others, parallel analysis to determine the number of factors, confirmatory factor analysis to compare the proposed model with theory-based ones, and test-retest reliability analysis. Results Conducted analysis revealed that in the examined population, the CSAS should rather consist of four than two subscales. Proposed four subscales addressed perceived outcomes of communication learning, positive and negative attitudes towards it (affective components), and factors motivating students to learn communication (a cognitive component of attitudes). Results of test-retest reliability were satisfactory for individual items and subscales. Conclusions This study presented a valid and reliable version of the Communication Skills Attitude Scale for Polish medical students and confirmed previous assumptions that CSAS may also be appropriate for assessment of affective and cognitive components of attitudes. Future research should, based on Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior, make attempts to develop a tool assessing not only attitudes but also subjective norms and perceived behavioral control.


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