scholarly journals GPS technology to control of external demands of elite Brazilian female football players during competitions (Tecnología GPS para controlar las demandas externas de las jugadoras de fútbol brasileñas de élite durante las competiciones)

Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Vitor Ayres Principe ◽  
Ignácio Antônio Seixas-da-Silva ◽  
Rodrigo Gomes de Souza Vale ◽  
Rodolfo De Alkmim Moreira Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Soccer Teams ◽  
Acceleration Zone ◽  
Playing Time ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Women's Soccer

Abstract. This study aimed to determine the external load demands of elite Brazilian soccer players by position and playing time, using data from global positioning technology (GPS) at a data acquisition frequency of 10Hz from a Polar Team Pro. Twenty-three professional players from a top-flight Brazilian women's soccer team participated in the study. The women were 27.65 ± 4.66 years, 165.35 ± 5.82 cm and 60.91 ± 5.34 kg. Data were collected during two competitions disputed simultaneously, the The São Paulo State Championship and the Brazilian Championship A1 series of 2019. Nine variables related to the external locomotor demand performed by the players in the disputed matches were analyzed. The statistical procedures used were the two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc for data adjustment, and Cohen’s effect size (d), with a p-value < .05 adopted to demonstrate statistical significance. The significant differences in the variables total distance, walking distance, jogging distance, running distance, Sprinting distance, acceleration zone 1, acceleration zone 2, deceleration zone 1 and deceleration zone 2 were analyzed, and the results showed a decrease in the external locomotor demand of the loads during the matches played by these athletes. These results should be used to improve load control and adapt training practices in women's soccer teams.  Resumen. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar el comportamiento de las demandas de carga externa de los jugadores de fútbol brasileños de élite por posición y tiempo de juego, utilizando datos de la tecnología de posicionamiento global (GPS) a una frecuencia de adquisición de datos de 10Hz de un Polar Team Pro. Veintitrés jugadoras profesionales de un equipo de fútbol femenino brasileño de primer nivel participaron en el estudio. Las mujeres tenían 27.65 ± 4.66 años, 165.35 ± 5.82 cm y 60.91 ± 5.34 kg. Los datos fueron recolectados durante dos competencias disputadas simultáneamente, el Campeonato del Estado de São Paulo y el Brasileño de la serie A1 de 2019. Se analizaron nueve variables relacionadas con la demanda externa de locomotoras realizadas por los jugadores en los partidos disputados. Los procedimientos estadísticos utilizados fueron el ANOVA de dos vías con Bonferroni post hoc para el ajuste de datos, y el tamaño del efecto de Cohen (d), con un valor de p < .05 adoptado para demostrar la significación estadística. Se analizaron las diferencias significativas en las variables distancia caminando, distancia de trote, distancia corriendo, distancia de sprint, zona de aceleración 1, zona de aceleración 2, zona de desaceleración 1 y zona de desaceleración 2, y los resultados mostraron una disminución en la demanda locomotora externa de las cargas durante los partidos jugados por estos Atletas. Estos resultados deberían usarse para mejorar el control de carga y adaptar las prácticas de entrenamiento en los equipos de fútbol femenino.

scholarly journals Mixed-effects design analysis for experimental phonetics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Kirby ◽  
Morgan Sonderegger
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Design Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Technical Report ◽  
The Social ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Types Of Error

It is common practice in the statistical analysis of phonetic data to draw conclusions on the basis of statistical significance, often judged by the size of a p-value. While p-values reflect the probability of incorrectly concluding a null effect is real, they do not provide information about other types of error that are also important for interpreting statistical results. In particular, it is possible to fail to detect a true effect, to exaggerate the magnitude of an effect, or even to incorrectly estimate an effect's direction, resulting in erroneous and biased measures of effect size. In this technical report, we focus on three measures related to these errors. The first, power, reflects the failure to detect an effect that in fact exists. The second and third, Type M and Type S errors, measure the extent to which estimates of the magnitude and direction of an effect are inaccurate. We then provide 'design analysis' (Gelman &amp; Carlin, 2014), using data from an experimental study on German incomplete neutralization, to illustrate how power, magnitude, and sign errors vary with sample and effect size. This case study shows how the informativity of research findings can vary substantially in ways that are not always, or even usually, apparent on the basis of a p-value alone. We conclude by repeating three recommendations for good statistical practice in phonetics from best practices widely recommended for the social and behavioral sciences: report all results; design studies which will produce high-precision estimates; and conduct direct replications of previous findings.

scholarly journals Increased COVID-19 Testing Rates Following Combined Door-to-Door and Mobile Testing Facility Campaigns in Oslo, Norway, a Difference-in-Difference Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11078
Author(s):  
Kristin Hestmann Vinjerui ◽  
Ingeborg Hess Elgersma ◽  
Atle Fretheim
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
P Value ◽  
Effect Estimate ◽  
Difference In Difference ◽  
Ordinary Least Square Regression ◽  
Using Data

High testing rates limit COVID-19 transmission. Attempting to increase testing rates, Stovner District in Oslo, Norway, combined door-to-door campaigns with easy access testing facilities. We studied the intervention’s impact on COVID-19 testing rates. The Stovner District administration executed three door-to-door campaigns promoting COVID-19 testing accompanied by drop-in mobile COVID-19 testing facilities in different areas at 2-week intervals. We calculated testing rates pre- and post-campaigns using data from the Norwegian emergency preparedness register for COVID-19 (Beredt C19). We applied a difference-in-difference approach using ordinary least square regression models and robust standard errors to estimate changes in COVID-19 testing rates. Door-to-door visits reached around one of three households. Intervention and comparison areas had identical testing rates before the intervention, and we observed an increase in intervention areas after the campaigns. We estimate a 43% increase in testing rates over the first three days following the door-to-door campaigns (p = 0.28), corresponding to an additional 79 (95% confidence interval, −54 to 175) people tested. Considering the shape of the time series curves and the large effect estimate, we find it highly likely that the campaigns had a substantial positive impact on COVID-19 testing rates, despite a p-value above the conventional levels for statistical significance. The results and the feasibility of the intervention suggest that it may be worth implementing in similar settings.

scholarly journals Analysis of Variance: The Fundamental Concepts and Application with R

2021 ◽  
Vol 09 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeniran, A. T. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
P Value ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
R Software ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Anova Model ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Mathematical Foundations

The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test has long been an essential tool for researchers conducting studies on multiple experimental groups with or without one or more control groups. This article encapsulates the fundamentals of ANOVA for an intended benefit of the reader of scientific literature who does not possess expertise in statistics. The emphasis is on conceptually-based perspectives regarding the use and interpretation of ANOVA results, with minimal coverage of the mathematical foundations. Data entry, checking basic parametric assumptions of ANOVA, descriptive statistics of the data by treatment groups, fitting ANOVA model, statistical significance of the test based on p-value, and post-hoc analysis are all explored using R-software.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Attitude Towards Collaboration in Physicians and Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Research

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pınar Erarslan ◽  
Yıldırm Beyazıt Gülhan
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Health Service Delivery ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Anova Test ◽  
Homogeneous Universe ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Voluntary Basis

INTRODUCTION: In this study, it was aimed to investigate the attitudes of physicians and nurses working in a aducational and research hospital towards collaboration according to socio-demographic variables. METHODS: This study was conducted in a aducational andr esearch hospital between April-May 2018. 1292 physicians and nurses constituted the universe and the sample size was 297 for this non-homogeneous universe. The questionnaires prepared in accordance with the aim of the study were completed by physicians and nurses on a voluntary basis. ‘Jefferson Scale of Attitudes Toward Physician-Nurse Collaboration’ was used to evaluate the collaboration score. For statistical analysis, t-test, One-way Anova test, and after the Anova test, Scheffe was used as complementary post-hoc analysis to determine the differences. The p value of <0.05 was accepted for statistical significance. RESULTS: According to the occupational variable, nurses have a more positive attitude and are more prone to collaboration than physicians. There was a statistically significant relationship between the variables of profession, gender, age, education level and nursing study area. There was no statistically significant relationship between demographic characteristics such as physician study area, experience and visit status (p>0,05). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the implementation of joint vocational training programs that will strengthen the collaboration attitude and the creation of an atmosphere of Professional respect will provide positive results in health service delivery.

SERUM PROLACTINE LEVEL IN PATIENTS OF PSORIASIS VULGARIS AND ITS CORRELATION WITH DISEASE SEVERITY: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawan Kumar Saini ◽  
Devendra Yadav ◽  
Rozy Badyal ◽  
Suresh Jain ◽  
Arti Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Prolactin Level ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
P Value ◽  
Serum Prolactin Level ◽  
R Value ◽  
Control Study

Background: Psoriasis is an autoimmune chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the skin mediated by T-lymphocytes resulting in production of cytokines which cause hyperproliferation of keratinocytes.  Several factors and hormones like Prolactin have an action similar to these cytokines in promoting the multiplication of keratinocytes and other cells like lymphocytes and epithelial cells may have a role on the etiopathogenesis of psoriasis. Aim:-The aim of study is to compare the serum Prolactin levels in patients of psoriasis with a control group. Setting and study design: This is a case-control study conducted in the department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy GMC, Kota over a period of 1year from July 2017 to June 2018 Material and method: The study included 100 cases of psoriasis (60 males and 40 females) and 100 controls similar for age and sex. Serum Prolactin levels were measured by ECLIA and results were obtained. Statistical analysis: Mean and standard deviation were calculated for each variable. Statistical significance of the results was analyzed using correlation analysis (Pearson correlation coefficient) and independent samples t-test. Statistical significance was assumed at p value<0.05. Result: Serum Prolactin level was significantly higher in cases of psoriasis compared to controls (p-value <0.001). PASI score and serum Prolactin levels were found to have a positive correlation (r value = 0.337; p-value: 0.001). No significant  correlation was found between serum levels of Prolactin and duration of disease r value= -0.034, P value =0.733). Serum Prolactin level was higher in male patients compared to females patients. Conclusion:- High serum Prolactin may be a biological marker of disease severity in psoriasis and may have a role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Further studies with large sample size are required to confirm this hypothesis.

Awareness of radiation doses and risks among radiology residents, fellows, specialists, consultants and technologists in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: Cross-Sectional Study. (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bashayer Hassan Shuaib ◽  
Rahaf Hisham Niazi ◽  
Ahmed Haitham Abduljabbar ◽  
Mohammed Abdulraheem Wazzan
Keyword(s):  
Interventional Radiology ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
P Value ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Right ◽  
Interventional Radiology Procedures ◽  
Radiology Staff

BACKGROUND Radiology now plays a major role to diagnose, monitoring, and management of several diseases; numerous diagnostic and interventional radiology procedures involve exposure to ionizing radiation. Radiology now plays a major role to diagnose, monitoring, and management of several diseases; numerous diagnostic and interventional radiology procedures involve exposure to ionizing radiation. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to discover and compare the awareness level of radiation doses, protection issues, and risks among radiology staff in Jeddah hospitals. METHODS A cross-sectional survey containing 25 questions on personal information and various aspects of radiation exposure doses and risks was designed using an online survey tool and the link was emailed to all radiology staff in eight tertiary hospitals in Jeddah. The authors were excluded from the study. A P-value of < .05 was used to identify statistical significance. All analyses were performed using SPSS, version 21. RESULTS Out of 156 participants the majority 151 (96.8%) had poor knowledge score, where the mean scores were 2.4±1.3 for doses knowledge, 2.1±1.1for cancer risks knowledge, 2.3±0.6 for general information, and 6.7±1.9 for the total score. Only 34.6% of the participants were aware of the dosage of a single-view chest x-ray, and 9.0% chose the right answer for the approximate effective dose received by a patient in a two-view. 42.9% were able to know the correct dose of CT abdomen single phase. There is a significant underestimation of cancer risk of CT studies especially for CT abdomen where only 23.7% knew the right risk. A p-value of <0.05 was used to identify statistical significance. No significant difference of knowledge score was detected regarding gender (P =.2) or work position (P=.66). CONCLUSIONS Our survey results show considerable inadequate knowledge in all groups without exception. We recommended a conscientious effort to deliver more solid education and obtain more knowledge in these matters and providing periodic training courses to teach how to minimize the dose of radiation and to avoid risk related. CLINICALTRIAL not applicable

scholarly journals Treatment effect of oil-based contrast is related to experienced pain at HSG: a post-hoc analysis of the randomised H2Oil study

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2391-2398 ◽  
Author(s):  
N van Welie ◽  
K Dreyer ◽  
J van Rijswijk ◽  
H R Verhoeve ◽  
M Goddijn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
P Value ◽  
Ongoing Pregnancy ◽  
Research Grants ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Infertile Women ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Post Hoc

Abstract STUDY QUESTION Does pain or volume of used contrast medium impact the effectiveness of oil-based contrast during hysterosalpingography (HSG)? SUMMARY ANSWER In women who report moderate to severe pain during HSG, the use of oil-based contrast resulted in more ongoing pregnancies compared to the use of water-based contrast, whereas in women who reported mild or no pain, no difference in ongoing pregnancies was found. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY We recently showed that in infertile women undergoing HSG, the use of oil-based contrast results in more ongoing pregnancies within 6 months as compared to the use of water-based contrast. However, the underlying mechanism of this fertility-enhancing effect remains unclear. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We performed a post-hoc analysis of the H2Oil study, a multicentre randomised controlled trial (RCT) evaluating the therapeutic effect of oil- and water-based contrast at HSG. Here, we evaluated the impact of pain experienced at HSG and volume of used contrast media during HSG on ongoing pregnancy. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS In a subset of 400 participating women, pain during HSG by means of the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) (range: 0.0–10.0 cm) was reported, while in 512 women, we registered the volume of used contrast (in millilitres). We used logistic regression analyses to assess whether pain and volume of used contrast media modified the effect of oil-based contrast on ongoing pregnancy rates. Data were analysed according to intention-to-treat principle. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In 400 women in whom pain scores were reported, the overall median pain score was 5.0 (Interquartile range (IQR) 3.0–6.8) (oil group (n = 199) 4.8 (IQR 3.0–6.4); water group (n = 201) 5.0 (IQR 3.0–6.7); P-value 0.28). There was a significant interaction between pain (VAS ≤5 versus VAS ≥6) and the primary outcome ongoing pregnancy (P-value 0.047). In women experiencing pain (VAS ≥6), HSG with oil-based contrast resulted in better 6-month ongoing pregnancy rates compared to HSG with water-based contrast (49.4% versus 29.6%; RR 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1–2.5), while in women with a pain score ≤5, 6-month ongoing pregnancy rates were not significantly different between the use of oil- (28.8%) versus water-based contrast (29.2%) (RR 0.99; 95% CI, 0.66–1.5). In the 512 women in whom we recorded contrast, median volume was 9.0 ml (IQR 5.7–15.0) in the oil group versus 8.0 ml (IQR 5.9–13.0) in the water group, respectively (P-value 0.72). Volume of used contrast was not found to modify the effect of oil-based contrast on ongoing pregnancy (P-value for interaction 0.23). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This was a post-hoc analysis that should be considered as hypothesis generating. The RCT was restricted to infertile ovulatory women, younger than 39 years of age and with a low risk for tubal pathology. Therefore, our results should not be generalised to infertile women who do not share these features. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The underlying mechanism of the fertility-enhancing effect induced by HSG with the use of oil-based contrast remains unclear. However, these findings suggest a possible mechanistic pathway, that is increasing intrauterine pressure occurring prior to dislodging pregnancy hindering debris or mucus plugs from the proximal part of otherwise normal fallopian tubes. This information might help in the search of the underlying fertility-enhancing mechanism found by using oil-based contrast during HSG. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The original H2Oil RCT was an investigator-initiated study that was funded by the two academic institutions (AMC and VUmc) of the Amsterdam UMC. The funders had no role in study design, collection, analysis and interpretation of the data. K.D. reports consultancy for Guerbet. H.V. reports consultancy fees from Ferring. C.B.L. reports speakers’ fees from Ferring and research grants from Ferring, Merck and Guerbet. V.M. reports receiving travel and speakers fees as well as research grants from Guerbet. B.W.M. is supported by an NHMRC Practitioner Fellowship (GNT1082548). B.W.M. reports consultancy for ObsEva, Merck KGaA and Guerbet and travel and research grants from Merck KGaA and Guerbet. The other authors do not report conflict of interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER The H2Oil study was registered at the Netherlands Trial Registry (NTR 3270). TRIAL REGISTRATION DATE 1 February 2012. DATE OF FIRST PATIENT’S ENROLMENT 3 February 2012.

scholarly journals Can diffusion and T2 star-weighted magnetic resonance imaging aid in the diagnosis of ectopic endometrium?

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam Raafat ◽  
Soha H. Talaat ◽  
Salma M. Abdelghaffar ◽  
Engy A. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Conventional Mri ◽  
Patient Will ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Ectopic Endometrium

Abstract Background Endometriosis is a common gynecologic disorder characterized by the implantation of the endometrial tissue ectopically outside the endometrial cavity. It affects about 10% of females at the childbearing period and is estimated to be present up to 20–50% in women complaining of infertility. While laparoscopy is considered the mainstay for diagnosis, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is recognized as a useful tool for definitive diagnosis, pre-surgical planning, and determining whether the patient will require multi-specialty involvement. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of MRI with the addition of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and T2 star (T2*) to conventional MRI, for the accurate assessment of ectopic endometrium. Results Endometriotic lesions that showed diffusion restriction on DWI were 80.7%, and 96.1% of the endometriotic lesions had signal voids on the T2*W sequence, whereas only 65.4% of the lesions had typical signal intensities on T1WI and T2WI. Diagnostic performance of the MRI examination was improved by the use of the diffusion sequence and better improved by the T2* sequence, compared to the conventional MR protocol sensitivity (SE) = 96.12% and specificity (SP) = 85.7% in T2*-weighted images, SE = 80.7% and SP = 71.4% in DWI, and SE = 65.4% and SP = 71.4% in conventional MRI. P value for conventional MRI was 0.1, which is of no statistical significance (p < 0.05). P value for DWI was 0.016, which is statistically significant (p < 0.05). P value for T2*WI was 0.001, which is more statistically significant (p < 0.05) and could be adequately correlated with laparoscopy. Conclusion DWI and T2* significantly increase MRI diagnostic accuracy by allowing the detection of the hemorrhagic character of the endometriotic lesions. Studies with a large sample size are needed to confirm that they can replace invasive laparoscopy for the diagnosis of endometriosis.

Thromboelastography (TEG) results are predictive of ischemic and hemorrhagic complications in patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms treated with flow diversion

2021 ◽  
pp. 159101992110259
Author(s):  
Kainaat Javed ◽  
Santiago R Unda ◽  
Ryan Holland ◽  
Adisson Fortunel ◽  
Rose Fluss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Alpha Angle ◽  
Flow Diversion ◽  
P Value ◽  
Hemorrhagic Complication ◽  
Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
Hemorrhagic Complications ◽  
Groin Hematoma

Introduction Flow diversion is an effective treatment modality for intracranial aneurysms but is associated with ischemic and hemorrhagic complications. Patients treated with flow diversion require dual antiplatelet therapy and subsequent platelet function tests. At our institution, Thromboelastography with Platelet Mapping (TEG-PM) is the test of choice. The primary objective of this study was to identify TEG parameters that are predictive of postoperative complications in patients treated with elective flow diversion. Methods This was a retrospective study of 118 patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms treated with flow diversion. Data was collected via chart review. Bivariate analyses were performed to identify significant variables in patients who suffered an ischemic stroke or a groin hematoma. ROC curves were constructed for the TEG parameters with statistical significance. Bivariate analyses were repeated using dichotomized TEG results. Results Patients who experienced a symptomatic ischemic stroke had a history of stroke (p value = 0.007), larger aneurysm neck width (p value = 0.017), and a higher alpha angle (p value = 0.013). Cut off point for ischemic complication is 63° on ROC curve with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 65%. Patients who experienced a groin hematoma were no different from their healthy peers but had a lower alpha angle (p value = 0.033). Cut off point for hemorrhagic complication is 53.3° with a sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 67%. Conclusion The Alpha Angle parameter of TEG-PM has a sizeable predictive ability for both ischemic complications of the central nervous system and hemorrhagic complications of the access site after elective flow diversion.

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