scholarly journals Estrategias de afrontamiento como intervención al estrés en futbolistas (Coping strategies as a stress intervention in soccer players)

Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 613-619
Author(s):  
Daniel Edward Lope Fernández ◽  
Omar Benjamín Solís Briceño
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Diagnostic Study ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Stress Intervention ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sport Athlete ◽  
As Stress

El objetivo de este estudio fue medir los niveles de estrés antes y después de una intervención psicológica centrada en el desarrollo de estrategias de afrontamiento e identificar si esas diferencias fueron estadísticamente significativas en una muestra de futbolistas semiprofesionales. La selección de la muestra fue no probabilística en donde participaron 22 futbolistas varones de 14 a 23 años de edad en el estudio diagnóstico. En el análisis de datos inferencial, se utilizó una prueba no paramétrica t de Wilcoxon para muestras relacionadas en donde participaron 11 jugadores para la comparación entre medias en la variable estrés, antes y después de la intervención en el desarrollo de estrategias de afrontamiento. El instrumento utilizado para este estudio fue el cuestionario de estrés para deportistas Restq-Sport. En los resultados diagnósticos se encontraron una puntación en el índice de estrés de 2.80 lo cual indicó que la mitad del grupo reportó una necesidad de trabajar una intervención en estrategias de afrontamiento, sin embargo, después de intervenir con los 11 futbolistas con las puntuaciones más elevadas en estrés que fue de 2.05, se redujo el índice de estrés específico del deporte con una puntuación de 1.53 indicando que las estrategias de afrontamiento aprendidas y utilizadas por los futbolistas tuvieron un efecto positivo en el ámbito deportivo. Como conclusiones del estudio, en el desarrollo de las estrategias de afrontamiento como intervención al estrés en los futbolistas, se redujeron los indicadores del estrés específico al deporte, pero no del estrés en general, lo que podría indicar una posible falta de generalización de la habilidad en otros contextos y por el período en que se aplicó el postest con los futbolistas durante fechas que coincidieron con sus exámenes escolares.Abstract. The objective of this study was to measure stress levels before and after a psychological intervention focused on the development of coping strategies, and to identify if those differences were statistically significant in a sample of semi-professional soccer players. The selection of the sample was non-probabilistic, by which 22 male soccer players from 14 to 23 years of age were selected for the diagnostic study. For the inferential data analysis, non-parametric Wilcoxon t-test for related samples was employed, involving the comparison of 11 players’ means in stress before and after the intervention in the development of coping strategies. The instrument used for this study was the Restq-Sport athlete stress questionnaire. In the diagnostic results, a stress index score of 2.80 was found, which indicated half of the group reported a need to work an intervention in coping strategies; however, after implementing the intervention with the 11 soccer players with the highest levels of stress, which was 2.05, the sport-specific stress index dropped to a score of 1.53, indicating that coping strategies learned and used by soccer players had a positive effect in the sports field. As conclusions of the study, in the development of coping strategies as stress intervention in soccer players, the indicators of sport-specific stress were reduced, but not those of general stress, which could indicate a possible lack of generalization of the skill in other context. The period in which the posttest was applied with the soccer players was during the dates that coincided with their school exams.

Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Serie A Soccer Players’ Physical Qualities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ermanno Rampinini ◽  
Federico Donghi ◽  
Marco Martin ◽  
Andrea Bosio ◽  
Marco Riggio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Different Seasons

AbstractIn March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic forced most activities in Italy, including soccer, to cease. During lockdown, players could only train at home, with limited evidence regarding the effect of this period. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of COVID-19 lockdown on professional soccer players’ physical performance. Aerobic fitness and vertical jump were assessed before and after four periods in two different seasons: COVID-19 lockdown, competitive period before lockdown, competitive period and summer break of the 2016–2017 season. Linear mixed models were used to examine within-period changes and between-period differences in changes observed during COVID-19 lockdown and the three other periods. Within-period changes in aerobic fitness showed a significant improvement following COVID-19 lockdown (p<0.001) and a significant decline during summer break (p<0.001). Between-period differences were significant in the comparison of COVID-19 lockdown with both the competitive 2019–2020 season (p<0.01) and summer break (p<0.001). For the vertical jump, only the between-period comparison revealed significant differences as the changes associated with COVID-19 lockdown were worse than those of the two competitive periods, for both absolute (p<0.05; p<0.001) and relative peak power (p<0.01; p<0.001). Home-based training during lockdown was effective to improve aerobic fitness, although it did not allow players to maintain their competitive period’s power levels.

scholarly journals Associations Between Selected Training-Stress Measures and Fitness Changes in Male Soccer Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1050-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Rabbani ◽  
Mehdi Kargarfard ◽  
Carlo Castagna ◽  
Filipe Manuel Clemente ◽  
Craig Twist
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Body Load ◽  
Training Stress ◽  
Training Impulse

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between accumulated global positioning system–accelerometer-based and heart rate–based training metrics and changes in high-intensity intermittent-running capacity during an in-season phase in professional soccer players. Methods: Eleven male professional players (mean [SD] age 27.2 [4.5] y) performed the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test (30-15IFT) before and after a 5-wk in-season training phase, and the final velocity (VIFT) was considered their high-intensity intermittent-running capacity. During all sessions, Edwards training impulse (Edwards TRIMP), Banister TRIMP, Z5 TRIMP, training duration, total distance covered, new body load (NBL), high-intensity running performance (distance covered above 14.4 km·h−1), and very-high-intensity running performance (distance covered above 19.8 km·h−1) were recorded. Results: The players’ VIFT showed a most likely moderate improvement (+4.3%, 90% confidence limits 3.1–5.5%, effect size 0.70, [0.51–0.89]). Accumulated NBL, Banister TRIMP, and Edwards TRIMP showed large associations (r = .51–.54) with changes in VIFT. A very large relationship was also observed between accumulated Z5 TRIMP (r = .72) with changes in VIFT. Large to nearly perfect within-individual relationships were observed between NBL and some of the other training metrics (ie, Edwards TRIMP, Banister TRIMP, training duration, and total distance) in 10 out of 11 players. Conclusions: Heart rate–based training metrics can be used to monitor high-intensity intermittent-running-capacity changes in professional soccer players. The dose–response relationship is also largely detected using accelerometer-based metrics (ie, NBL) to track changes in high-intensity intermittent-running capacity of professional soccer players.

scholarly journals Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Needle Electrolysis and Rehab and Reconditioning Program for Rectus Femoris Muscle Injuries: A Cohort Study with Professional Soccer Players and a 20-Week Follow-Up

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 7912
Author(s):  
Fermín Valera-Garrido ◽  
Sergio Jiménez-Rubio ◽  
Francisco Minaya-Muñoz ◽  
José Luis Estévez-Rodríguez ◽  
Archit Navandar
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasound Image ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Muscle Injuries ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rectus Femoris Muscle ◽  
Femoris Muscle

Rectus femoris muscle strains are one of the most common injuries occurring in sports such as soccer. The purpose of this study was to describe the safety and feasibility of a combination of percutaneous needle electrolysis (PNE) and a specific rehab and reconditioning program (RRP) following an injury to the rectus femoris in professional soccer players. Thirteen professional soccer players received PNE treatment 48 h after a grade II rectus femoris muscle injury, followed by a the RRP 24 h later. Assessment of recovery from injury was done by registering the days taken to return to train (RTT), return to play (RTP), and structural and functional progress of the injured muscle was registered through ultrasound imaging and match-GPS parameters. Also, adverse events and reinjuries were recorded in the follow up period of twenty weeks. The RTT registered was 15.62 ± 1.80 days and RTP was 20.15 ± 2.79 days. After fourteen days, the ultrasound image showed optimal repair. Match-GPS parameters were similar before and after injury. There were no relapses nor were any serious adverse effects reported during the 20-week follow-up after the RTP. A combination of PNE and a specific RRP facilitated a faster RTP in previously injured professional soccer players enabling them to sustain performance and avoid reinjuries.

scholarly journals Performance of Professional Soccer Players before and after COVID-19 Infection; Observational Study with an Emphasis on Graduated Return to Play

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11688
Author(s):  
Anamarija Jurcev Savicevic ◽  
Jasna Nincevic ◽  
Sime Versic ◽  
Sarah Cuschieri ◽  
Ante Bandalovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Moderate Effect Size ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pcr Test

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in sport has been the subject of numerous studies over the past two years. However, knowledge about the direct impact of COVID-19 infection on the performance of athletes is limited, and the importance of studies on this topic is crucial during the current pandemic era. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in the match running performance (MRP) of professional soccer players that occurred as a result of COVID-19 infection after fulfilling all of the prerequisites for a safe return to play (RTP). The participants were 47 professional soccer players from a team which competed in first Croatian division (21.6 years old on average) during the 2020/21 season. The total sample was divided into two subgroups based on the results of a PCR test for COVID-19, where 31 players tested positive (infected) and 16 tested negative. We observed the PCR test results (positive vs. negative PCR), the number of days needed to return to the team, number of days needed to RTP after quarantine and isolation, and MRP (10 variables measured by a global positioning system). The number of days where the infected players were not included in the team ranged from 7 to 51 (Median: 12). Significant pre- to post-COVID differences in MRP for infected players were only found for high-intensity accelerations and high-intensity decelerations (t-test = 2.11 and 2.13, respectively; p < 0.05, moderate effect size differences), with poorer performance in the post-COVID period. Since a decrease of the MRP as a result of COVID-19 infection was only noted in two variables, we can highlight appropriateness of the applied RTP. However, further adaptations and improvements of the RTP are needed with regard to high-intensity activities.

Effect of Heavy Resisted Sled Sprint Training During the Competitive Season on Sprint and Change-of-Direction Performance in Professional Soccer Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1066-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. McMorrow ◽  
Massimiliano Ditroilo ◽  
Brendan Egan
Keyword(s):  
Training Group ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
Sprint Training ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Competitive Season ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Total Program

Purpose: Resisted sled sprinting (RSS) is an effective tool for improving sprint performance over short distances, but the effect on change-of-direction (COD) performance is largely unknown. The present study investigated the effect of heavy RSS training during the competitive season on sprint and COD performance in professional soccer players. Methods: Over 6 wk in-season, an RSS training group (n = 6) performed RSS at a sled load of 30% body mass for a total program running distance of 800 m, whereas an unresisted sprint (URS) training group (n = 7) performed the same distance of unresisted sprinting. A 20-m maximal sprint with split times measured at 5, 10, and 20 m and the sprint 9-3-6-3-9 m with 180° turns COD test were performed before and after the intervention. Results: Sprint performance (mean, 95% confidence limits, qualitative inference) was improved in both groups over 5 m (URS, 5.1%, −2.4 to 12.7, likely moderate; RSS, 5.4%, 0.5–10.4, likely moderate), 10 m (URS, 3.9%, −0.3 to 8.1, very likely moderate; RSS, 5.0%, 1.8–8.0, very likely large), and 20 m (URS, 2.0%, −0.6 to 4.5, likely moderate; RSS, 3.0%, 1.7–4.4, very likely moderate). COD was improved in both groups (URS, 3.7%, 2.2–5.2, most likely large; RSS, 3.3%, 1.6–5.0, most likely moderate). Between-groups differences were unclear. Conclusion: Heavy RSS and URS training matched for running distance were similarly effective at improving sprint and COD performance in professional soccer players when performed in the competitive phase of the season.

scholarly journals Dose-Response Relationships between Training Load Measures and Physical Fitness in Professional Soccer Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4321
Author(s):  
Saeid Younesi ◽  
Alireza Rabbani ◽  
Filipe Manuel Clemente ◽  
Rui Silva ◽  
Hugo Sarmento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Session ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Fitness Test ◽  
Perceived Effort ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Final Velocity ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Before And After ◽  
External Loads

The aim of this cohort study was two-fold: (i) to analyze within-group changes of final velocity in a 30-15 intermittent fitness test (VIFT), final velocity in a Vameval test (Vvameval), 20-m sprint and countermovement jump (CMJ); (ii) to explore the relationships between VIFT and Vvameval outcomes and their changes with internal and external loads. Twenty-two professional soccer players (mean ± SD; age 27.2 ± 3.4 years, height 174.2 ± 3.6 cm, body mass 69.1 ± 6.4 kg, and body fat 10.4 ± 4.1%, 3.1 ± 1.5 years in the club) participated in this study. External and internal loads were obtained using global positioning system, heart rate and rate of perceived effort (sRPE) after each training session. Players were assessed in CMJ, 20-m sprint, Vameval and 30-15 intermittent fitness test, before and after the observed period. Very large relationships were observed between VIFT and Vameval for pre- (r = 0.76), post (r = 0.80) and pooled-data (r = 0.81). Vvameval showed less sensitivity (−22.4%, [−45.0 to 9.4]), ES −0.45 [−1.05 to 0.16]) than VIFT. ∆VIFT had unclear associations with all sRPE, but had moderate correlations with objective internal and external measures, while, ∆Vvameval varied between large and very large relationships with all sRPE, but had unclear associations with all other selected training loads. Objective internal and external loads may be used to track aerobic power related changes from VIFT.

scholarly journals Combined Small‐Sided Game and High‐Intensity Interval Training in Soccer Players: The Effect of Exercise Order

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-257
Author(s):  
Alireza Rabbani ◽  
Filipe Manuel Clemente ◽  
Mehdi Kargarfard ◽  
Saeid Jahangiri
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
Different Order

Abstract The aim of the present study was to compare combined small‐sided game (SSG) and high‐intensity interval training (HIT) with different order. Twenty‐one semi‐professional soccer players were divided into two groups: SSG+HIT (n = 10) and HIT+SSG (n = 11), and underwent similar four‐week training programs. Players completed the 30‐15 Intermittent Fitness Test (30‐15IFT) before and after the experiment; maximum speed (VIFT) was recorded. During the experiment, seven sessions of SSG (3 vs 3) and HIT (15ʺ‐15ʺ with 95‐100% VIFT) were implemented. Weekly accumulated training loads for both groups during the experiment were similar. Moderate improvements in VIFT were observed in both SSG+HIT (+6.2%, 90% confidence limits, [CL] 4.6; 7.7 and Effect Size, [ES] +0.96) and HIT+SSG (+6.9%, 90% CL 4.6; 9.3 and ES +0.97) groups. Between‐group difference in changes of VIFT was trivial (+0.7%, 90% CL ‐1.8; 3.3 and ES +0.11). Combining SSG and HIT in different order elicited the same enhancement in high‐intensity intermittent performance in soccer players.

scholarly journals Effect of Mindfulness on the Stress–Recovery Balance in Professional Soccer Players during the Competitive Season

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 7091
Author(s):  
Joaquín Holguín-Ramírez ◽  
Arnulfo Ramos-Jiménez ◽  
José Trinidad Quezada-Chacón ◽  
Mónica Sofía Cervantes-Borunda ◽  
Rosa Patricia Hernández-Torres
Keyword(s):  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Stress Recovery ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Competitive Season ◽  
Recovery Program ◽  
Control Study

Professional athletes are subjected to constant stress that often leads them to exceed their capacities and lose their homeostasis, which without a proper recovery program can lead to injury, chronic fatigue, and overtraining. This work examines the effect of six weeks of a psychological intervention called Mindful Sports Performance Enhancement (MSPE), on the stress–recovery balance in professional soccer players during a competitive season. Methods: The RESTQ-76 Sport psychometric questionnaire and heart rate variability (HRV) were used as psychometric and physiological evaluation methods. Under a longitudinal case–control study and having complied with bioethical procedures, 42 professional soccer players (22 control without treatment and 20 experimental), age 17 ± 1 year, weight 63 ± 11 kg, and height 172 ± 7 cm, were analyzed. Results: RESTQ-76 Sport increased the stress–recovery balance and global recovery (p < 0.5), but decreased global stress. The stress–recovery balance values measured by the nonlinear indicators of the HRV: SD1, SD2, SS, and S:PS, were not modified. Conclusions: Six weeks of MSPE improves the stress–recovery balance in third-division professional soccer players during the competitive season, reduces stress, and increases recovery. These positive effects were not observed in the nonlinear indicators of the HRV: SD1, SD2, SS, and S:PS.

scholarly journals Influence of Sunlight and Oral D3 Supplementation on Serum 25(OH)D Concentration and Exercise Performance in Elite Soccer Players

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1311
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Magdalena Michalczyk ◽  
Artur Gołaś ◽  
Adam Maszczyk ◽  
Piotr Kaczka ◽  
Adam Zając
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Before And After ◽  
D 12

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of natural sun exposure and six weeks of a high dose of vitamin D supplementation on vitamin D, testosterone and cortisol serum concentrations as well as speed, power and VO2max in professional soccer players. Materials: The study was conducted from January to September. At the beginning of the study, 33 professional soccer players were enrolled; however, only 28 subjects (height 181.5 cm; body mass 77.81 ± 8.8 kg; body fat 12.38% ± 2.4% and muscle mass 40.27 ± 5.3 kg) completed the study. The research consisted of three stages. The first one, lasting 10 days, was conducted in January during a training camp in the south part of Cyprus at a latitude of 34 33°, where participants experienced natural sun exposure; it was called a winter sun exposure (WSE) period. The second stage, which was a supplementation period (SP), lasted 6 weeks, during which all subjects were randomly assigned either to an experimental group—EG (n = 15)—or a placebo group—PG (n = 13)—and were administered 6000 IU/d cholecalciferol or a placebo, respectively. The third stage took place in September, after summertime (summer sun exposure—SSE). The data of the 25(OH)D, free and total testosterone (fT, tT), cortisol as well as 5 and 30 m sprint tests (STs), power of the left leg (PLL) and VO2max were evaluated before and after the WSE period, the SP and SSE. Results: In January, the baseline value of vitamin D in 12 subjects was ≤20 ng/mL, and 14 of them had levels between 20–30 ng/mL and 2 individuals >30 ng/mL. After the WSE period, significant changes in 25(OH)D, fT, tT and cortisol concentration, as well as in the 5 m ST, were observed. After the SP, in the EG, significant changes were found in 25(OH)D, fT, tT and the 5 m ST. Furthermore, a positive correlation between the concentration of 25(OH) fT and tT was observed. After SSE, 2 out of 28 players had <20 ng/mL 25(OH)D, 12 of them had 25(OH)D between 20 and 30 ng/mL and 14 of them had 25(OH)D between 30 and 50 ng/mL. Significant differences in 25(OH)D, fT, tT concentration and the 5 m ST performance were observed following SSE compared with the WSE period. Conclusion: Due to the serum level of 25(OH)D demonstrated by most participants at the beginning of the study and after summertime, all-year-round supplementation with high doses of vitamin D seems to be a reasonable solution to enhance high 25(OH)D concentration in blood and physical performance. In the middle of the winter, almost half of the soccer players were serum deficient of 25(OH)D. After ten days of sun exposure and 6 weeks of vitamin D supplementation, the concentration of 25(OH)D significantly increased, as did testosterone and results in the 5 m sprint test also improved. Therefore, athletes should be constantly monitored for serum levels of 25(OH)D throughout the year and should be supplemented if deficiencies or insufficient amounts of this vitamin occur.

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