Isolamento social e ocupações/Social isolation and occupations

O Isolamento social tem sido uma das principais e mais importantes estratégia no combate ao avanço da disseminação da COVID-19. O Isolamento social tem levado milhões de pessoas no mundo a novas formas de se engajar nas ocupações do dia-a-dia como o trabalho, as atividades de lazer e as atividades da vida diária. Os modos de se ocupar do que gostamos e desejamos estão modificados ou podem não ocorrer da maneira como estávamos acostumados ou da forma como desejamos que elas ocorram. Uma reflexão necessária que se debruça sobre temas relevantes e revela uma dimensão ocupacional a partir das repercussões vividas neste momento. AbstractSocial isolation has been one of the main and most important strategies in combating the advancement of the spread of COVID-19. Social isolation has taken millions of people around the world to new ways of engaging in day-to-day occupations such as work, leisure activities and activities of daily living. The ways of dealing with what we like and desire are modified or may not occur the way we were used to or the way we want them to occur. A necessary reflection that focuses on relevant themes and reveals an occupational dimension based on the repercussions experienced at this time.Key words: Sars-Cov-2, Coronavirus, COVID-19, Pandemic, Social isolation, Occupation. ResumenEl aislamiento social ha sido una de las principales y más importantes estrategias para combatir el avance de la propagación de COVID-19. El aislamiento social ha llevado a millones de personas en todo el mundo a nuevas formas de participar en las ocupaciones cotidianas, como el trabajo, las actividades de ocio y las actividades de la vida diaria. Las formas de lidiar con lo que nos gusta y deseamos se modifican o pueden no ocurrir de la manera en que estábamos acostumbrados o de la forma en que queremos que ocurran. Una reflexión necesaria que se centra en temas relevantes y revela una dimensión ocupacional basada en las repercusiones experimentadas en este momento.Palabras clave: Sars-Cov-2, Coronavirus, COVID-19, Pandemia, Aislamiento social, Ocupación.

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Effect of lockdown on activities of daily living in built environment and well-being

10.14324/111.444/000047.v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sudhir Kumar Pasala ◽

Lakshmi Gumpeny ◽

Madhu Kosuri ◽

Snehalatha Tippana ◽

Gumpeny, R Sridhar

Keyword(s):

Built Environment ◽

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Social Isolation ◽

Daily Living ◽

Online Survey ◽

Well Being ◽

Sleep Patterns ◽

Psychological Well Being ◽

Work Habits ◽

The Way

In an effort to arrest the spread of COVID-19 infection, a nation-wide lockdown was declared in India in March 2020. To assess how personal built environment affected the citizens in the first few weeks, an explorative online survey was conducted, eliciting responses about the work habits before the lockdown, the psychological well-being, time spent in various activities, characteristics of those who worked from home and sleep patterns. The major difference entailed by thelockdown was a reduction of time and distance to go to their workplace, which was an average of 8.9 km. In terms of diet, subjects who were vegetarian did not experience any difference, unlike those who were non-vegetarians, who reduced the intake of meat. Forced social isolation did not alter the television channels that were viewed. Among those who worked from home, most preferred to work from their bedroom. There was no change in the quality or quantity of sleep during the lockdown. This study in the early weeks of the lockdown documents the way in which individuals lived through it in terms of the built environment at home.

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Effect of lockdown on activities of daily living in built environment and well-being

10.14324/111.444/000047.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sudhir Kumar Pasala ◽

Lakshmi Gumpeny ◽

Madhu Kosuri ◽

Snehalatha Tippana ◽

Gumpeny, R Sridhar

Keyword(s):

Built Environment ◽

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Social Isolation ◽

Daily Living ◽

Online Survey ◽

Well Being ◽

Sleep Patterns ◽

Psychological Well Being ◽

Work Habits ◽

The Way

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Effect of lockdown on activities of daily living in built environment and well-being

10.14324/111.444/000047.v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sudhir Kumar Pasala ◽

Lakshmi Gumpeny ◽

Madhu Kosuri ◽

Snehalatha Tippana ◽

Gumpeny, R Sridhar

Keyword(s):

Built Environment ◽

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Social Isolation ◽

Daily Living ◽

Online Survey ◽

Well Being ◽

Sleep Patterns ◽

Psychological Well Being ◽

Work Habits ◽

The Way

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Social isolation, loneliness and functional disability in Chinese older women and men: a longitudinal study

Age and Ageing ◽

10.1093/ageing/afaa271 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lizhi Guo ◽

Li An ◽

Fengping Luo ◽

Bin Yu

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Functional Status ◽

Social Isolation ◽

Daily Living ◽

Functional Disability ◽

Iadl Disability ◽

Older Populations ◽

New Onset

Abstract Objective This study investigated whether loneliness or social isolation is associated with the onset of functional disability over 4 years among Chinese older populations. Setting and Subjects This study used data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Functional status was assessed by activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). Analyses were conducted with data from two waves (2011 and 2015) and were restricted to those respondents aged 50 and older and free of functional disability at baseline [n = 5,154, mean age (SD) = 60.72 (7.51); male, 52.3%]. Method Social isolation, loneliness and covariates were measured at baseline. Follow-up measures of new-onset ADL and IADL disability were obtained 4 years later. We stratified the sample by gender, and then used binary logistic regressions to evaluate the associations between baseline isolation, loneliness and new-onset ADL and IADL disability. Results For women, baseline social isolation was significantly associated with new-onset ADL (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.07–1.30) and IADL (OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.01–1.21) disability; no significant association between loneliness and ADL or IADL disability was found. For men, neither social isolation nor loneliness was found to be significantly associated with ADL or IADL disability. Conclusion This longitudinal study found that social isolation, rather than loneliness, was significantly associated with functional disability over 4 years among women (but not men) in China. These findings expand our knowledge about the association between social relationships and functional status among non-Western populations.

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Dos Lugares-Mundo às Matemáticas-Mundo: o Lugar-Saber-Matemática-Mundo do Seu JoãoFrom World-Places to the Mathematic-Worlds: Mr João and his Kowledge-Place-Mathematic-World

Educação Matemática Pesquisa Revista do Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Educação Matemática ◽

10.23925/1983-3156.2021v23i1p391-419 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 391-419

Author(s):

Maria Carolina Machado Magnus ◽

Silvio Domingos Mendes da Silva

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Field Education ◽

Culture History ◽

De Se ◽

The World ◽

Race Ethnicity ◽

Similarities And Differences ◽

Other World ◽

The Way

ResumoO presente artigo tem por objetivo traçar um paralelo entre os conceitos de etnomatemática e de lugar, buscando estabelecer relações entre tais conceitos que determinam e influenciam diretamente na forma de ser e de se fazer matemática, de acordo com o lugar geográfico em que se está. Para tanto, conversamos com um agricultor sobre suas práticas no campo e suas formas de lidar matematicamente com elas. A análise empreendida dá visibilidade às matemáticas-mundo em seus lugares-mundo, evidenciando similaridades e diferenças entre os diferentes lugares. Ainda, ao olharmos para as práticas dos sujeitos do campo e entendê-las a partir de suas formas de lidar matematicamente com o mundo, evidenciamos a existência de diferentes racionalidades matemáticas, que estão intrinsecamente ligadas à cultura, história, raça, etnia, economia, diversidade e heterogeneidade de cada povo. Além disso, constatamos que os lugares-mundo possuem entrelaçamentos com outros lugares-mundo.Palavras-chave: Lugar, Território, Educação do campo, Etnomatemática.AbstractThis article aims to draw a comparison between the concepts of ethnomathematics and of place, seeking to establish a relationship between those concepts which directly influence the way of being and of making mathematics, according to the geographical place where one is inserted. For such, we talked to a farmer about his practices in the fields and about the mathematical way he deals with them. The analysis undertaken gives visibility to the world-mathematics in their world-places, giving evidence to similarities and differences between different places. Also, when we look at the practices carried out by individuals who live and work in rural areas and understand them from the way they deal with the world, mathematically speaking, we make the different mathematical rationalities evident, and the fact that they are intrinsically linked to culture history, race, ethnicity, economy, diversity and the heterogeneity of each people. Besides, we find that the world-places are intertwined with other world-places.Keywords: Place, Territory, Field education, Ethnomathematics.ResumenEl presente artículo tiene como propósito realizar una comparación entre los conceptos de etnomatemática y de lugar, buscando establecer una relación entre aquellos conceptos que influyen directamente en la forma de ser y de hacer matemática, según el lugar geográfico donde uno se inserte. Para ello, hablamos con un agricultor sobre sus prácticas en el campo y sobre la forma matemática que las maneja. El análisis realizado da visibilidad a las matemáticas-mundo en sus lugares-mundo, poniendo de manifiesto las similitudes y diferencias entre diferentes lugares. Asimismo, cuando miramos las prácticas que realizan los individuos del país y las entendemos desde su forma de lidiar con el mundo, matemáticamente hablando, revelamos las diferentes racionalidades matemáticas, y el hecho de que están intrínsecamente ligadas a la historia de la cultura, raza, etnia, economía, diversidad y heterogeneidad de cada pueblo. Además, encontramos que los lugares-mundo están entrelazados con otros lugares-mundo.Palabras clave: Lugar, Territorio, Educación del campo, Etnomatemática.

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Social isolation and health outcomes among older people in China

BMC Geriatrics ◽

10.1186/s12877-021-02681-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yun Zhang ◽

Wen Hu ◽

Zhixin Feng

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Older People ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Social Isolation ◽

Daily Living ◽

Functional Health ◽

Social Contacts ◽

Living Children

Abstract Background Social isolation is a serious public health issue affecting a significant number of older adults worldwide. However, associations between different dimensions of social isolation and functional health are unclear. We assessed the varied effects of social isolation on health among a nationwide sample of older adults from China. Methods We assessed social isolation among 5,419 people aged 65 and older who took part in both the 2011 and 2014 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Social isolation includes objective social isolation (kinlessness and lack of social contacts) and subjective social isolation. Four functional health outcomes were examined: self-rated health (SRH), activities of daily living (ADLs), instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), and cognitive function measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). We used multivariable regression analyses to examine the associations between social isolation and health outcomes. Results Older people who never married or who had recently lost a spouse were more likely to report poor SRH (OR=2.44) and difficulty with IADLs (ORs=1.46) than those who were married and lived with a spouse. Older people who never gave birth were less likely to report cognitive impairment (OR=0.53) than those who had living children, while older people who had recently lost a child were more likely to report poor SRH than those who had living children (OR=1.32). Older people who had no children visiting were more likely to report difficulty with IADLs than those who had children visiting (OR=1.25). In terms of subjective social isolation, older people who felt lonely were more likely to report poor SRH, cognitive impairment, and difficulty with ADLs and IADLs (ORs=1.19, 1.27, 1.28 and 1.21, respectively), and older people who had no one to talk to were more likely to report poor SRH, cognitive decline, and difficulty with ADLs and IADLs (ORs=2.08, 5.32, 2.06 and 1.98, respectively). Conclusions Kinlessness, lack of social contacts and subjective social isolation may impact various dimensions of health in older people. Due to the varied health consequences of social isolation, targeted health interventions should be developed to address relevant situations of social isolation.

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A Comprehensive Overview of Activities of Daily Living in Existing Frailty Instruments: A Systematic Literature Search

The Gerontologist ◽

10.1093/geront/gnz147 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Axelle Costenoble ◽

Veerle Knoop ◽

Sofie Vermeiren ◽

Roberta Azzopardi Vella ◽

Aziz Debain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Work Engagement ◽

Social Life ◽

Daily Living ◽

Literature Search ◽

Leisure Activities ◽

Systematic Literature Search ◽

Comprehensive Overview ◽

Design And Methods ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background and Objectives The relationship between frailty and disability in activities of daily living (ADLs) can be seen in different ways, with disability being—to varying degrees—a characteristic, negative outcome, or predictor of frailty. This conflation of definitions is partly a result of the different frailty tools used in research. Aiming to provide a comprehensive overview, this systematic literature search analyzed (i) if, (ii) to what extent, and (iii) how ADLs are evaluated by frailty instruments. Research Design and Methods A search was performed in PubMed, Web of Knowledge, and PsycINFO to identify all frailty instruments, followed by categorization of the ADL items into basic (b-), instrumental (i-), and advanced (a-) ADLs. Results In total, 192 articles described 217 frailty instruments, from which 52.1% contained ADL items: 45.2% b-ADLs, 35.0% i-ADLs, and 10.1% a-ADLs. The most commonly included ADL items were bathing (b-ADLs); using transportation (i-ADLs); and semiprofessional work engagement in organized social life or leisure activities (a-ADLs). These instruments all had a multidomain origin (χ 2 = 122.4, p < .001). Discussion and Implications Because 52.1% of all instruments included ADL items, the concepts of frailty and disability appear to be highly entangled. This might lead to circular reasoning, serious concerns regarding contamination, and invalid research results.

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Ética e nova condição comunicativa

Revista Eclesiástica Brasileira ◽

10.29386/reb.v67i266.1516 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 67 (266) ◽

pp. 260

Author(s):

Antônio Moser

Keyword(s):

Human Condition ◽

Human Being ◽

Vatican Council ◽

De Se ◽

The World ◽

The Way

Desde a década de 1960, o mundo cristão acostumou-se a repetir uma expressão que, de acordo com o Concílio Vaticano II, definia o mundo de então: “mudanças rápidas e profundas”. A definição continua teoricamente verdadeira, mas a expressão já não expressa nem a rapidez, nem a profundidade das mudanças que vão se operando nos dias de hoje, ou seja, à distância de apenas cinqüenta anos. Sob o signo de comunicações que se caracterizam por processos revolucionários ao mesmo tempo mais simples e mais complexos, é o próprio ser humano que vai se transformando em velocidade estonteante, na maneira de se comunicar, de sentir, de pensar e de ser. Verdadeiramente a nova condição comunicativa se transformou em nova condição humana, com tudo o que isto significa em termos de soluções e interrogaçõesAbstract: From the 60s onward the Christian world got used to repeating an expression that, according to the II Vatican Council, defined what the world at the time was going through: “rapid and deep changes”. In theory, the definition continues to be true, but the expression no longer reflects either the speed or the depth of the changes operating today, only fifty years later. Under the sign of communications that are marked by both simpler and more complex revolutionary processes, is the human being him/herself who changes at a dazzling speed in the way s/he communicates, feels, thinks and is. Indeed the new communicative condition became the new human condition with all that means in terms of solutions and questionings.

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Relationships between prolonged physical and social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic, reduced physical activity and disability in activities of daily living among people with advanced respiratory disease

Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽

10.1177/14799731211035822 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

pp. 147997312110358

Author(s):

Lucy Fettes ◽

Joanne Bayly ◽

Leonora Michelle de Bruin ◽

Malini Patel ◽

Stephen Ashford ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Lung Disease ◽

Respiratory Disease ◽

Social Isolation ◽

Daily Living ◽

Daily Activities ◽

World Health ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

The Impact

In people with advanced respiratory disease, we examined (i) the impact of COVID-19–related physical and social isolation on physical activity and (ii) relationships between time spent in isolation and disability in activities of daily living. Cross-sectional analysis was conducted in adults with advanced non-small cell lung cancer, chronic obstructive lung disease or interstitial lung disease. Measures included change in physical activity since physically and socially isolating (Likert scale) and disability (Barthel Index and Lawton–Brody IADL scale) or difficulty (World Health Organisation Disability Assessment Schedule-2.0) in daily activities. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with disability in daily activities. 194/201 participants were isolating for a median [IQR] 5 [3–8]-month period, often leading to lower levels of physical activity at home ( n = 94, 47%), and outside home ( n = 129, 65%). 104 (52%) and 142 (71%) were not fully independent in basic and instrumental activities of daily living, respectively. 96% reported some degree of difficulty in undertaking daily activities. Prolonged physical and social isolation related to increased disability in basic (r = −0.28, p < 0.001) and instrumental (r = −0.24, p < 0.001) activities of daily living, and greater difficulty in daily activities (r = 0.22, p = 0.002). Each month spent in physical or social isolation was independently related to disability in basic activities of daily living (odds ratio [OR], 1.17 [95% CI: 1.03–1.33], p = 0.013). These findings suggest disability in daily activities is associated with prolonged physical or social isolation, which may present as difficulty in people who are fully independent. Post-isolation recovery and rehabilitation needs should be considered for all people deemed extremely clinically vulnerable.

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