scholarly journals Ética e nova condição comunicativa

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (266) ◽  
pp. 260
Author(s):  
Antônio Moser

Desde a década de 1960, o mundo cristão acostumou-se a repetir uma expressão que, de acordo com o Concílio Vaticano II, definia o mundo de então: “mudanças rápidas e profundas”. A definição continua teoricamente verdadeira, mas a expressão já não expressa nem a rapidez, nem a profundidade das mudanças que vão se operando nos dias de hoje, ou seja, à distância de apenas cinqüenta anos. Sob o signo de comunicações que se caracterizam por processos revolucionários ao mesmo tempo mais simples e mais complexos, é o próprio ser humano que vai se transformando em velocidade estonteante, na maneira de se comunicar, de sentir, de pensar e de ser. Verdadeiramente a nova condição comunicativa se transformou em nova condição humana, com tudo o que isto significa em termos de soluções e interrogaçõesAbstract: From the 60s onward the Christian world got used to repeating an expression that, according to the II Vatican Council, defined what the world at the time was going through: “rapid and deep changes”. In theory, the definition continues to be true, but the expression no longer reflects either the speed or the depth of the changes operating today, only fifty years later. Under the sign of communications that are marked by both simpler and more complex revolutionary processes, is the human being him/herself who changes at a dazzling speed in the way s/he communicates, feels, thinks and is. Indeed the new communicative condition became the new human condition with all that means in terms of solutions and questionings.

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Hübner

Abstract In the wake of massive structural changes within the world trade the WTO faces important challenges. Like an invisible world govemment the WTO uses its agreement as a sort of basic law. This basic law demands equal chances for every human being in the world. Therefore it is important to strengthen the WTO in order to pave the way for fair conditions within the world trade. This essay asks which circumstances are necessary to achieve this goal.


2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laÿna Droz ◽  

The concept of humans as relational individuals living in a milieu can provide some solutions to various obstacles of theorization that are standing in the way of an ethics of sustainability. The idea of a milieu was developed by Tetsuro Watsuji as a web of signification and symbols. It refers to the environment as lived by a subjective relational human being and not as artificially objectified. The milieu can neither be separated from its temporal—or historical—dimension as it is directly related to the “now” of perceptions and actions in the world. In other words, elements of the natural milieu can be said to have a constitutive value as they contribute to our well-being by helping us make sense of our life and our world. In their temporal and relational dimensions, Watsuji’s notions of the milieu and human being are thus directly related to the notion of sustainability. This concept offers some convincing solutions to overcoming the problem of temporal distance, by shifting the center of argumentation from unknown, passive, and biologically dependent not-yet- born people to the transmission of a meaningful historical milieu. The turning point here is that if what matters is the survival of ideal and material projects that people live (and sometimes die) for, then future generations have tremendous power over them, as the actions of those future people will determine the success or failure of the projects started by present generations.


Author(s):  
Victor Augusto Cavaleiro Corrêa ◽  
Carla Adriana Vieira do Nascimento ◽  
Kátia Maki Omura

O Isolamento social tem sido uma das principais e mais importantes estratégia no combate ao avanço da disseminação da COVID-19. O Isolamento social tem levado milhões de pessoas no mundo a novas formas de se engajar nas ocupações do dia-a-dia como o trabalho, as atividades de lazer e as atividades da vida diária. Os modos de se ocupar do que gostamos e desejamos estão modificados ou podem não ocorrer da maneira como estávamos acostumados ou da forma como desejamos que elas ocorram. Uma reflexão necessária que se debruça sobre temas relevantes e revela uma dimensão ocupacional a partir das repercussões vividas neste momento. AbstractSocial isolation has been one of the main and most important strategies in combating the advancement of the spread of COVID-19. Social isolation has taken millions of people around the world to new ways of engaging in day-to-day occupations such as work, leisure activities and activities of daily living. The ways of dealing with what we like and desire are modified or may not occur the way we were used to or the way we want them to occur. A necessary reflection that focuses on relevant themes and reveals an occupational dimension based on the repercussions experienced at this time.Key words: Sars-Cov-2, Coronavirus, COVID-19, Pandemic, Social isolation, Occupation. ResumenEl aislamiento social ha sido una de las principales y más importantes estrategias para combatir el avance de la propagación de COVID-19. El aislamiento social ha llevado a millones de personas en todo el mundo a nuevas formas de participar en las ocupaciones cotidianas, como el trabajo, las actividades de ocio y las actividades de la vida diaria. Las formas de lidiar con lo que nos gusta y deseamos se modifican o pueden no ocurrir de la manera en que estábamos acostumbrados o de la forma en que queremos que ocurran. Una reflexión necesaria que se centra en temas relevantes y revela una dimensión ocupacional basada en las repercusiones experimentadas en este momento.Palabras clave: Sars-Cov-2, Coronavirus, COVID-19, Pandemia, Aislamiento social, Ocupación. 


2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-212
Author(s):  
Wojciech Bołoz

In contemporary bioethics dominate two trends dealing with two basic ethical solutions. First of them is utilitarianism concerning utility as a criterion of judging between what is right and what is wrong. The second trend applies to human rights and human dignity, which are to be obeyed without any exceptions. Utilitarianism protects the strong and prosperous people in society and excludes those who are weak and not capable of independent life. The concept of human dignity protects each and every human being including the weakest ones. It is therefore characterized by real humanitarianism. In addition, it has one more outstanding virtue; in the contemporary world, it is the most widespread and understandable ethical code. It enables people of different civilizations to communicate with understandable ethical language. In the world constantly undergoing global processes, it is a great value. Although there are a number of discussions concerning the way of understanding human dignity and human rights, their universal and ethical meaning; there are certain international acts of law concerning biomedicine that support the concept of human dignity as the most adequate concept for the contemporary bioethics. As an example, the European Convention on Bioethics can be taken. The article includes the most significant topics concerning understanding, history, and application of law and human dignity in bioethics.


Author(s):  
Maria Carolina Machado Magnus ◽  
Silvio Domingos Mendes da Silva

ResumoO presente artigo tem por objetivo traçar um paralelo entre os conceitos de etnomatemática e de lugar, buscando estabelecer relações entre tais conceitos que determinam e influenciam diretamente na forma de ser e de se fazer matemática, de acordo com o lugar geográfico em que se está. Para tanto, conversamos com um agricultor sobre suas práticas no campo e suas formas de lidar matematicamente com elas. A análise empreendida dá visibilidade às matemáticas-mundo em seus lugares-mundo, evidenciando similaridades e diferenças entre os diferentes lugares. Ainda, ao olharmos para as práticas dos sujeitos do campo e entendê-las a partir de suas formas de lidar matematicamente com o mundo, evidenciamos a existência de diferentes racionalidades matemáticas, que estão intrinsecamente ligadas à cultura, história, raça, etnia, economia, diversidade e heterogeneidade de cada povo. Além disso, constatamos que os lugares-mundo possuem entrelaçamentos com outros lugares-mundo.Palavras-chave: Lugar, Território, Educação do campo, Etnomatemática.AbstractThis article aims to draw a comparison between the concepts of ethnomathematics and of place, seeking to establish a relationship between those concepts which directly influence the way of being and of making mathematics, according to the geographical place where one is inserted.  For such, we talked to a farmer about his practices in the fields and about the mathematical way he deals with them. The analysis undertaken gives visibility to the world-mathematics in their world-places, giving evidence to similarities and differences between different places. Also, when we look at the practices carried out by individuals who live and work in rural areas and understand them from the way they deal with the world, mathematically speaking, we make the different mathematical rationalities evident, and the fact that they are intrinsically linked to culture history, race, ethnicity, economy, diversity and the heterogeneity of each people. Besides, we find that the world-places are intertwined with other world-places.Keywords: Place, Territory, Field education, Ethnomathematics.ResumenEl presente artículo tiene como propósito realizar una comparación entre los conceptos de etnomatemática y de lugar, buscando establecer una relación entre aquellos conceptos que influyen directamente en la forma de ser y de hacer matemática, según el lugar geográfico donde uno se inserte. Para ello, hablamos con un agricultor sobre sus prácticas en el campo y sobre la forma matemática que las maneja. El análisis realizado da visibilidad a las matemáticas-mundo en sus lugares-mundo, poniendo de manifiesto las similitudes y diferencias entre diferentes lugares. Asimismo, cuando miramos las prácticas que realizan los individuos del país y las entendemos desde su forma de lidiar con el mundo, matemáticamente hablando, revelamos las diferentes racionalidades matemáticas, y el hecho de que están intrínsecamente ligadas a la historia de la cultura, raza, etnia, economía, diversidad y heterogeneidad de cada pueblo. Además, encontramos que los lugares-mundo están entrelazados con otros lugares-mundo.Palabras clave: Lugar, Territorio, Educación del campo, Etnomatemática.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
Agapov Oleg D. ◽  

The joy of being is connected with one’s activities aimed at responding to the challenges of the elemental forces and the boundlessness of being, which are independent of human subjectivity. In the context of rising to the challenges of being, one settles to acquire a certain power of being in themselves and in the world. Thus, the joy of being is tied to achieving the level of the “miraculous fecundity” (E. Levinas), “an internal necessity of one’s life” (F. Vasilyuk), magnanimity (M. Mamardashvili). The ontological duty of any human being is to succeed at being human. The joy of being is closely connected to experiencing one’s involvement in the endless/eternity and realizing one’s subjective temporality/finitude, which attunes him to the absolute seriousness in relation to one’s complete realization in life. Joy is a foundational anthropological phenomenon in the structure of ways of experiencing the human condition. The joy of being as an anthropological practice can appear as a constantly expanding sphere of human subjectivity where the transfiguration of the powers of being occurs under the sign of the Height (Levinas) / the Good. Without the possibility of transfiguration human beings get tired of living, immerse themselves in the dejected state of laziness and the hopelessness of vanity. The joy of being is connected to unity, gathering the multiplicity of human life under the aegis of meaning that allows us to see the other and the alien in heteronomous being, and understand the nature of co-participation and responsibility before the forces of being, and also act in synergy with them.The joy of being stands before a human being as the joy of fatherhood/ motherhood, the joy of being a witness to the world in creative acts (the subject as a means to retreat before the world and let the world shine), the joy of every day that was saved from absurdity, darkness and the impersonal existence of the total. Keywords: joy, higher reality, anthropological practices, “the height”, subject, transcendence, practice of coping


2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-35
Author(s):  
Alexandre A. Martins ◽  

This paper argues that Simone Weil developed an anthropology of the human condition that is a radical ontology of the human spirit rooted in reality. Weil begins her account from the real, but this real is not only the historical or social reality. It is also what is true about the human person as a created being in connection with the transcendent reality. She believes that affliction reveals the human condition and provides an openness to transcendence in which the individual finds the meaning of the human operation of spirit. Therefore, Weil’s radical ontology is based on a philosophy of the human being as an agent rooted in the world. In order to be rooted, a human being needs decreation (the creation of a new human) and incarnation (cross and love in the world). In her radical ontology derived from attention to the real, Weil argues for an active incarnation in social reality that recognizes others, especially the unfortunates, for the purpose of empowering them and promoting their dignity. Her radical ontology incarnates the human in the world between necessity and good, that is, between the natural and the supernatural.


2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-135
Author(s):  
Ulrich H.J. Körtner

Abstract In the wake of massive structural changes within the world trade the WTO faces important challenges. Like an invisible world govemment the WTO uses its agreement as a sort of basic law. This basic law demands equal chances for every human being in the world. Therefore it is important to strengthen the WTO in order to pave the way for fair conditions within the world trade. This essay asks which circumstances are necessary to achieve this goal.


2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristoforo Ricci

Le questioni di “fine vita” sono attualmente oggetto di un acceso dibattito. Infatti, sono sorte numerose correnti di pensiero volte al conseguimento della legittimazione di condotte tese ad anticipare o posticipare la morte di un individuo rispetto alla sua fine naturale. Questo dibattito si è concentrato soprattutto su aspetti legati alla qualità della vita, alla dignità nel morire ed alla prevalenza del diritto all’autodeterminazione del singolo o del principio di indisponibilità della vita. Lo scopo del presente studio è quello di esaminare il problema sotto una diversa luce. Infatti, si vogliono esaminare le questioni di “fine vita” alla luce del senso di attesa connaturato alla condizione umana al fine di individuare la soluzione più ragionevole. Orbene, siccome la condizione umana risulta essere intrinsecamente caratterizzata da un’attesa di infinito, l’uomo in ogni circostanza si trova davanti ad una scelta. Infatti, ogni essere umano può trascurare tale desiderio o dare ad esso risposte parziali, ripiegandosi in se stesso, oppure può aprirsi all’infinito. Questa scelta ha delle rilevanti conseguenze circa il modo di vedere e vivere le circostanze della vita. Infatti, nel primo caso, nulla sembra veramente appagare il desiderio e l’attesa dell’uomo e, pertanto, in ogni circostanza ciò che finisce per prevalere è alla lunga il lamento, la tristezza e l’ansia. Nel secondo caso, invece, ogni circostanza acquista un senso poiché, per quanto negativa o banale possa essere, costituisce la modalità attraverso la quale il Mistero chiama l’uomo a Sé per non farlo cadere nel nulla e questa consapevolezza finisce per generare letizia. Pertanto, sembra più ragionevole ed umano aprirsi al Mistero e, conseguentemente, laddove le cure abbiano un’efficacia reale e vi siano concrete ed oggettive possibilità di sopravvivenza, non sembrano condivisibili le richieste di legittimazione di tutte quelle condotte tese ad anticipare la morte di un individuo rispetto alla sua fine naturale come l’eutanasia, il suicidio assistito, e la rinuncia o il rifiuto di cure salva-vita proporzionate. ---------- In the field of bioethics, the “end of life” issues are currently motive of an inflamed debate. In fact, many schools of thought have arisen in consideration of legitimization of behaviors destined to anticipate or postpone the death of individuals in relation to their natural end. This debate has focused primarily on issues related to the quality of life, the dignity in dying and the prevalence of the right to self-determination of the individual or principle of the unwillingness of life. The purpose of this study is to examine the problem in a different light. In fact, we want to examine the “end of life” issues in the light of the sense of waiting innate to the human condition in order to identify the most reasonable solution. Now then, since the human condition is intrinsically characterized by a waiting of infinity, the human being is continually called to make a choice. In fact, every human being can ignore this desire or give partial answers to it, withdrawing into oneself, or it can be open to infinity. This choice has important consequences on the way to see and live the circumstances of life. In fact, in the first case, nothing seems to really satisfy the desire and waiting of individuals, and, therefore, in every circumstance prevails in the long run lament, sadness and anxiety. In the second case, instead, every circumstance makes sense because, though it may be negative or trifling, it’s the way of the Mystery to call the individuals to Himself so as to not drop them in the nothingness and, ultimately, so as to generate gladness. Therefore, it seems more reasonable and humane the opening to Mystery and, consequently, where treatments are really effective and there are concrete and objective chances of survival, it does not seem shareable the requests of legitimization of all those behaviors destined to anticipate the death of individuals in relation to their natural end, such as euthanasia, assisted suicide and withholding or withdrawing of proportionate life-sustaining treatments.


Author(s):  
Helder Maioli Alvarenga

Nos dias atuais tornou-se claro o papel exercido pela religião cristã na fundamentação da cosmovisão ocidental. Sabemos que toda ruptura pressupõe continuidades. Assim, apesar de inúmeros pensadores afirmarem a impossibilidade de se conjugar modernidade e religião, no nosso caso o cristianismo, o que vemos são as religiões coexistirem com as demais instituições modernas. Não só as religiões mudaram, mas a própria modernidade não é a mesma. No tocante ao cristianismo a reflexão em torno da hermenêutica diversificou esta matriz, bem como revelou uma de suas características identitárias, possibilitando seu diálogo com o mundo moderno. Neste sentido o objetivo de nosso artigo é resgatar a dimensão hermenêutica do cristianismo mostrando como ela contribuiu para o diálogo desta matriz com as diversas modernidades. Nossa metodologia é bibliográfica e parte de um resgate histórico da interpretação cristã enquanto identidade e método e do confronto desta realidade com o período atual, para nós revelador de um novo estágio da modernidade. Por fim, pensamos que assim como a modernidade se tornou múltipla assumindo a pluralidade para si mesma, o cristianismo, como matriz religiosa que pretende oferecer sentido ao ser humano contemporâneo, só pode ser pensado dentro da pluralidade própria de nossos tempos. HERMENÉUTICA Y MODERNIDAD: EL RETORNO A UN CRISTIANISMO PROPOSICIONAL Hence, we know that every rupture presupposes continuitie. Thus, although many thinkers have affirmed about the impossibility of combining modernity and religion; Christianity as our point here, what we encounter is that religions coexist with other modern institutions. Not only the religions have changed, but also the modernity itself, has changed as well. Regarding Christianity, reflection on hermeneutics has diversified this matrix, as well as revealed one of its identity characteristics, allowing its dialogue with the modern world. Therefore, the objective of this our article, is to rescue the hermeneutic dimension of Christianity, showing the way how it contributed to the dialogical dimension of this matrix with the different modernities. Our methodology is based on the bibliographical and also historical in order to rescue the Christian interpretation as its identity and method to confront the reality. At the end, we just think that, as modernity has become multiple by having assumed plurality for itself, Christianity, as a religious matrix that intends to offer the meaning of life to the contemporary human being, can only be thought of within the proper plurality to our times.


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