Effect of Cathode Waste Material Concentration in Conductive Paint Coating

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-81
Author(s):  
N.S.W. Zulkefeli ◽  
W.M.I.W. Ismail ◽  
M.K.A.A. Razab ◽  
M.N. Masri
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Waste Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Paint Coating ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electronic Application ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Conductive Paint

The conductive paint coating can be used to control the electromagnetic interference in electronic application. Conductive paint coating was made by mixing the epoxy and hardener with cathode waste material (CWM) in order to manipulate their properties. In this study, the conductivity and the thickness of the paint has been studied. The thickness of conductive paint coating was depends on the agglomeration of CWM content. The increasing of wt% of CWM, the thickness of paint is increasing. Bruker D2Phaser X-Ray diffraction has been used in order to get the phase analysis of the paint before and after soaking into Potassium Hydroxide solution

Synthesis of YVO4 Nanoparticles with Controllable Morphologies by Solvothermal Method

2011 ◽  
Vol 239-242 ◽  
pp. 356-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Yan Xu ◽  
Ling Xu ◽  
Shi Biao Wu ◽  
Xu Dong Wang ◽  
Hao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Solvothermal Method ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Structure Morphology

YVO4 nanoparticles with various morphologies were tuned directly by hydrothermal treatment in different solutions, including pure water, potassium hydroxide solution, hydrazine hydrate, ethanolamine, triethylamine, and pyridine. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were utilized to characterize the structure, morphology, and size of the products, which indicated that tetragonal phase YVO4 crystallites displaying rod-like, square, and olivary shapes were obtained. It was found that the selected solvents play an important role in modulating the morphology and confining the size of the obtained products.

Evaluation of Freezing Methods by Low Temperature X-Ray Diffraction

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 330-333
Author(s):  
T. Gulik-Krzywicki ◽  
M.J. Costello
Keyword(s):  
Biological Materials ◽  
Molecular Organization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Glass Capillary ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Freeze Etching ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Set Up

Freeze-etching electron microscopy is currently one of the best methods for studying molecular organization of biological materials. Its application, however, is still limited by our imprecise knowledge about the perturbations of the original organization which may occur during quenching and fracturing of the samples and during the replication of fractured surfaces. Although it is well known that the preservation of the molecular organization of biological materials is critically dependent on the rate of freezing of the samples, little information is presently available concerning the nature and the extent of freezing-rate dependent perturbations of the original organizations. In order to obtain this information, we have developed a method based on the comparison of x-ray diffraction patterns of samples before and after freezing, prior to fracturing and replication.Our experimental set-up is shown in Fig. 1. The sample to be quenched is placed on its holder which is then mounted on a small metal holder (O) fixed on a glass capillary (p), whose position is controlled by a micromanipulator.

A New Polyethylene Corrosion Protecting Coating with Ion Selectivity

2011 ◽  
Vol 314-316 ◽  
pp. 273-278
Author(s):  
Yu Hua Dong ◽  
Ke Ren ◽  
Qiong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Ion Selectivity ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Ammonium Bromide ◽  
Linear Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sulfosalicylic Acid ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Industrial Standards

Linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) was chemically modified with grafting maleic anhydride (MAH) monomer on its backbone by melting blending. Nano-particles SiO2 was modified by cationic surfactant hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and anionic surfactant sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) and added to PE coating respectively. Measurement of membrane potential showed that the coating containing modified SiO2 nano-particles had characteristic of ion selectivity. The properties of the different coatings were investigated according to relative industrial standards. Experimental results indicated that PE coating with ion selectivity had better performances, such as adhesion strength, cathodic disbonding and anti-corrosion, than those of coating without ion selectivity. Crystal structure of the coatings before and after alkali corrosion was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Structure of the coating without ion selectivity was damaged by NaOH alkali solution, causing mechanical properties being decreased. And the structure of the ion selective coatings was not affected.

Sedimentary Clays as Geopolymer Precursor

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 97-111
Author(s):  
F. Mostefa ◽  
Nasr Eddine Bouhamou ◽  
H.A. Mesbah ◽  
Salima Aggoun ◽  
D. Mekhatria
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Calcination Time ◽  
Calorimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mechanical Performances

This work aims to study the feasibility of making a geopolymer cement based on dredged sediments, from the Fergoug dam (Algeria) and to evaluate their construction potential particularly interesting in the field of special cementitious materials. These sediments due to their mineralogical composition as aluminosilicates; are materials that can be used after heat treatment. Sedimentary clays were characterized before and after calcination by X-ray diffraction, ATG / ATD, spectroscopy (FTIR) and XRF analysis. The calcination was carried out on the raw material sieved at 80 μm for a temperature of 750 ° C, for 3.4 and 5 hours. The reactivity of the calcined products was measured using isothermal calorimetric analysis (DSC) on pastes prepared by mixing an alkaline solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 8 M in an amount allowing to have a Na / Al ratio close to 1 (1: 1). Also, cubic mortar samples were prepared with a ratio L / S: 0.8, sealed and cured for 24 hours at 60 ° C and then at room temperature until the day they were submited to mechanical testing. to check the extent of geopolymerization. The results obtained allowed to optimize the calcination time of 5 hours for a better reactivity of these sediments, and a concentration of 8M of sodium hydroxide and more suitable to have the best mechanical performances.

Aging of iron manganite negative temperature coefficient thermistors

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1238-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Battault ◽  
R. Legros ◽  
A. Rousset
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Coefficient ◽  
Spinel Structure ◽  
Negative Temperature Coefficient ◽  
Negative Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Octahedral Sites ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Structural Equilibrium ◽  
Electrical Data

“Aging,” defined as the drift of resistance with temperature after 1000 h, was investigated for iron manganite temperature coefficient thermistors. For these devices, aging is relatively large, about 10%. The cationic distributions before and after aging were determined by Mössbauer spectroscopy. These distributions explain all the x-ray diffraction and correlated electrical data. The origin of the aging observed on iron manganites thermistors has been identified. It is due to the migration of Fe3+ ions from tetrahedral to octahedral sites of the spinel structure in order to reach a structural equilibrium.

Oxidation of Alloy-X in Subcritical, Transition, and Supercritical Water

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/3881 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Karmiol ◽  
Dev Chidambaram
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Water ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Subcritical Water ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nickel Based Superalloy ◽  
Before And After

This work investigates the oxidation of a nickel based superalloy, namely Alloy X, in water at elevated temperatures: subcritical water at 261°C and 27 MPa, the transition between subcritical and supercritical water at 374°C and 27 MPa, and supercritical water at 380°C and 27 MPa for 100 hours. The morphology of the sample surfaces were studied using scanning electron microscopy coupled with focused ion beam milling, and the surface chemistry was investigated using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy before and after exposure studies. Surfaces of all samples were identified to comprise of a ferrite spinel containing aluminum.

Twin memory and twin amnesia in anorthoclase

2000 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Hayward ◽  
E. K. H. Salje
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Alkali Feldspar ◽  
Spatial Distributions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Alkali Cations ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Natural Minerals ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Before And After

AbstractMany natural minerals and synthetic materials display twin microstructures resulting from displacive phase transitions. These microstructures may be removed temporarily from the sample by heating above the relevant transition temperature, though the twinning generally returns on subsequent cooling.In anorthoclase, the spatial distributions of twins before and after brief annealing above TC are often identical. This property appears to be a common feature in many materials which undergo ferroelastic phase transitions, and is known as ‘twin memory’. The atomic mechanisms responsible for this twin memory may be investigated by studying the annealing regimes required to remove the memory effect; how long must a sample be annealed, and at what temperature, to induce ‘twin amnesia’.High-resolution X-ray diffraction (XRD) has been used to investigate twin memory and twin amnesia in anorthoclase. In anorthoclase, the primary constraint on twin amnesia is thermodynamic, rather than kinetic. The critical temperature to induce amnesia correlates well with the top of the (Na, K) solvus in disordered alkali feldspar. For this reason, the proposed mechanism for twin memory involves the segregation of alkali cations in thin lamellae at the twin boundaries.

scholarly journals In Situ Coherent X-ray Diffraction during Three-Point Bending of a Au Nanowire: Visualization and Quantification

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Davydok ◽  
Thomas Cornelius ◽  
Zhe Ren ◽  
Cedric Leclere ◽  
Gilbert Chahine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reciprocal Space ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Complex Deformation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Au Nanowire ◽  
Before And After

The three-point bending behavior of a single Au nanowire deformed by an atomic force microscope was monitored by coherent X-ray diffraction using a sub-micrometer sized hard X-ray beam. Three-dimensional reciprocal-space maps were recorded before and after deformation by standard rocking curves and were measured by scanning the energy of the incident X-ray beam during deformation at different loading stages. The mechanical behavior of the nanowire was visualized in reciprocal space and a complex deformation mechanism is described. In addition to the expected bending of the nanowire, torsion was detected. Bending and torsion angles were quantified from the high-resolution diffraction data.

Characterization of X-ray irradiated graphene oxide coatings using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas N. Blanton ◽  
Debasis Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Carbon Phase ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Before And After

In an effort to study an alternative approach to make graphene from graphene oxide (GO), exposure of GO to high-energy X-ray radiation has been performed. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) have been used to characterize GO before and after irradiation. Results indicate that GO exposed to high-energy radiation is converted to an amorphous carbon phase that is conductive.

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