scholarly journals Afghan Peace Process and the Role of Pakistan in Engaging the Stakeholders

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-34
Author(s):  
Muhammad Idrees ◽  
Ashfaq Rehman ◽  
Manzoor Ahmad Naazer
Keyword(s):  
Peace Process ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Peace Negotiations ◽  
The Us ◽  
Neighbouring Country ◽  
Regional Interests

The Afghan people suffered a lot from war on terror, security issues, and political and economic instability since US invasion in 2001. Pakistan being an important neighbouring country of Afghanistan can play a vital role in bringing amity and stability through facilitating peace process. Both the US administration and Afghan government demand Pakistan to influence and bring the Taliban to the table talks. In this context, this study aims to explore Pakistan’s role in the ongoing peace process that has so far created an understanding among the stakeholders that a peaceful and stable Afghanistan is in the interest of the region. The study finds that there are greater issues to be dealt with carefully e.g., the governance system of the country, the constitution, and a viable power-sharing formula to be acceptable to all the stakeholders. Any successful peace deal needs a strong commitment on the part of all the stakeholders. Peace is the need of the hour not only for Afghanistan but for the whole region as well. Pakistan needs to continue her support to the Afghanistan’s stability and play its due role in the peace negotiations in the greater regional interests.

scholarly journals Complexities and Context: Women's Peace-Building in Conflict and Post-Conflict Bougainville

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Dylan Page
Keyword(s):  
Peace Process ◽  
United Nations Security Council ◽  
Peace Building ◽  
Peace Negotiations ◽  
Peace Processes ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Peace And Conflict Studies ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Context Specific

<p>The potential role of women in conflict and post-conflict environments has been the subject of much debate in the field of peace and conflict studies. In 2000 the United Nations Security Council passed Resolution 1325, which called for a greater involvement of women and acknowledgement of gender issues in conflict and post-conflict environments, and this has led to further discussion about what this might mean and how it might be implemented. Despite this women are continually under-represented in nearly all peace processes and there is no universally agreed upon way to ensure this situation does not come about. The barriers women face range from cultural to logistical and economic, and surmounting them can be hard to achieve.  One case where women have been involved at all levels in the peace process with substantial success is the Pacific island of Bougainville, where a conflict over mining issues and secession from Papua New Guinea was waged from 1988-1997. Women were active in attempts to bring all parties to negotiations during the conflict and have also been heavily involved in the continuing reconciliation and healing processes. For cultural reasons Bougainvillean women were well placed to perform the role of peace-builders but that is not to say that they did not face challenges and barriers to their involvement. This thesis examines the involvement of women in both the immediate peace negotiations and the longer-term aspects of the peace process in Bougainville in order explain how and why they enjoyed these successes and what lessons can be learnt from this case in regards to the potential roles of women in other post-conflict environments. Four factors will be identified as key to women's involvement in the peace process: the history of Bougainville up to and including the conflict; the grassroots mobilisation and organisation of women; the traditional cultural roles of women in Bougainville; and the identification of women with motherhood and its associated traits.  These factors indicate that the involvement of women in peace processes is highly context-specific and although there are policies which can be pursued to encourage their participation the potential barriers to this are imposing.</p>

Role of Security Mechanisms in the Building Blocks of the Cloud Infrastructure

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Kowsigan Mohan ◽  
P. Balasubramanie Palanisamy ◽  
G.R. Kanagachidambaresan ◽  
Siddharth Rajesh ◽  
Sneha Narendran
Keyword(s):  
Building Blocks ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Cloud Provider ◽  
Scheduling Problems ◽  
Cloud Environment ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Cloud Infrastructure ◽  
Security Issues

This chapter describes how security plays a vital role in cloud computing, as the name itself specifies the data can be stored from any place and can be owned by anyone. Even though the cloud offers many benefits such as flexibility, scalability and agility, security issues are still backlog the cloud infrastructure. Much research is being done on cloud security equal to the scheduling problems in the cloud environment. The customers under the cloud providers are very concerned about their data, which has been stored in the cloud environment. In this regard, it is essential for a cloud provider to implement some powerful tools for security, to provide a secure cloud infrastructure to the customers. Generally speaking, there are some foundational needs to be attained and some actions to be combined to ensure data security in both cloud, as well as, non-cloud infrastructure. This book chapter concentrates only on the security issues, security measures, security mechanisms, and security tools of the cloud environment.

scholarly journals Elementary & Secondary Education Department Mardan, KP Pakistan

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Amir ZAMAN ◽  
◽  
Riaz AHMAD ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Education Department ◽  
Peace Agreement ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Government ◽  
Great Development

Afghanistan that remained the epicenter of terrorism and insurgency in the post 9/11 incident, suffered irreparable loss in both human and infrastructure, is now heading towards an era of peace and political stability. The signing of the peace agreement on February 29, 2020 by both the US government and the Taliban is a great development for strengthening democratization and power-sharing among the stakeholders in Afghanistan. However, certain hurdles stand in the way of peace and stability. This paper discusses some of the key areas such as the dilemma of Afghan presidential elections, Pakistan’s controversial role, role of neighboring countries and the Indo-Afghan Nexus. Lacunae in the US-Taliban agreement to the exclusion of the Afghan government in the agreement and the threat of the ISIS are some of the other hurdles in bringing peace and stability in the country. Bargaining among the US and Taliban and the various stakeholders of Afghanistan is the only viable solution to the problem which provides the basis for theoretical framework. Keywords: Peace, Hurdles, Afghanistan, Taliban, US

scholarly journals Pak-American Interest in Democratic Afghanistan Post Election 2014

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ibrahim ◽  
Razia Mussarat
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Global Community ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
American Interest ◽  
Neighbouring Country ◽  
Democratic Transformation ◽  
Tribal Areas

Pak-America has interested in democratic Afghanistan. The global community has focused on reconstruction and reformation of national institutions for formulation of institutional policies. The democratic model of governance deals democratic institutional development. The global community facilitated security issues in the Afghan for presidential elections 2014. American and NATO forces decided to evacuate Afghanistan after transfer of power post-election 2014. The purpose of paper is definitive objectives of democratization in Afghanistan. Pakistan suffered socially, economic and politically especially in tribal areas as a neighbouring country. Afghanistan based terrorist organization attacked twin towers of U.S.A. The implication of study will support for guidance at the issue of terrorism which has intense effect on civilized world. The descriptive analysis used as tools of research for accomplishment of paper. The findings become helpful in developing awareness in masses for democratization in Afghanistan. The vibrant role of media strengthened democratic institutions which lessened extremism in region. The paper will explain historical context and different political and democratic transformation eras in Afghanistan.

scholarly journals The Role of Civil Society Actors in Peacemaking: The Case of Guatemala

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-64
Author(s):  
Roddy Brett
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Peace Process ◽  
The State ◽  
Peace Studies ◽  
Peace Negotiations ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Liberal Peace

This article builds upon recent scholarship in critical peace studies that focuses on the role of civil society actors in formal peacemaking processes, in short, peace talks, and post-conflict peacebuilding. The article specifically explores the role of civil society actors in the Guatemalan peace process. The research addresses the possible tensions and potential complementarities in processes where civil society enjoys a mandated role in centralised, formal peace negotiations carried out between the state and armed actors in talks levied within the liberal peace framework. In the case of Guatemala, non-state actors participated to an unprecedented extent in the peace negotiations, and Guatemala has not relapsed into armed conflict. However, post-conflict Guatemala is a violent and unstable country. Consequently, the study challenges the assumption that peacemaking is necessarily more successful in those instances where provisions have been established to guarantee the participation of civil society.

scholarly journals The Role of Political Culture in Shaping Canadian, EU and US Disarmament Initiatives

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rouba Al-Fattal
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
Eu And Us ◽  
The Eu

Canada and the European Union (EU) share, to a certain extent, a similar political culture, one based on multilateralism and the use of soft power. Nevertheless, over the past fifteen years Canada has been sometimes adopting disarmament policies that are similar to those of the EU and different from those of the US, while in other times it has been adopting policies that are similar to those of the US and different from those of the EU. This indicates that similarity in political culture alone is not sufficient enough to create convergence on foreign policies and that certain conditions must first be met for political culture to take precedence over neorealist explanations when dealing with security issues. Using Canadian, EU and US decisions on the issues of anti-personnel landmines and Iranian nuclear proliferation dilemma as case studies, this article analyses the conditions under which political culture plays a role in forming similar security policies.

scholarly journals INFORMATION FLOW BETWEEN THE US DOLLAR-RUPIAH EXCHANGE RATES

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-464
Author(s):  
Wee-Yeap Lau ◽  
Tien-Ming Yip
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Information Flow ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
International Reserves ◽  
Forward Rates ◽  
Policy Tool ◽  
Policy Variable ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Dollar

This study investigates the information flow between non-deliverable forward (NDF), spot, and forward US dollar–rupiah exchange rates during the post-Quantitative Easing (QE) period. Our results show a unidirectional information flow from NDF to the spot and forward rates in the post-QE period. We also find that the Indonesian government securities (IGS) played a vital role during the QE period, while international reserves preceded the US dollar–rupiah spot, forward, and NDF exchange rates post-QE. Hence, international reserves became an important policy variable in managing the currency value. Our finding redefines the role of IGS as a policy tool. As a policy suggestion, the Bank Indonesia should maintain a sufficient amount of foreign reserves to mitigate foreign exchange risks of the rupiah.

scholarly journals An analysis of Pak-US Relations after Pentagon 2011 Attacks

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam Muhammad Nagra ◽  
Ghulam Mustafa ◽  
Muhammad Imran
Keyword(s):  
National Interests ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Utmost Care ◽  
Political Differences ◽  
Relationship Of

Islamabad’s relations with the Washington have had a chequered history. Socio-economic, political differences and national interests exacerbated by diplomatic ineptitude, as well as the obstacles inherent in relations between a developing country and a superpower, have all united to make it so, while strategic compulsions and geo-political relations on both sides have forced to bring the two countries closer. This should be emphasized that the chequered history of Pak-US relations, the shifting emphasis and the changing proclivities of the US administration and public, the nature and the constraints of the US commitment to Pakistan’s security, all make it absolutely imperative for Pakistan to take every step with the utmost care. Pakistan should realize that Washington policy on security issues could probably rebound to Islamabad’s benefit currently, but definitely not on all times in the future, as there are difficult options ahead for both Islamabad and Washington on basic strategic interests. However 9/11 incident and war on terror took back the warmth relationship of 1950s decades. Again Pakistan is playing the role of front line state to eradicate the menace of terrorism from the world and restore peace and stability in the region with the collaboration of USA and its allied forces, even Pakistan is enjoying the status of non-NATO ally.

scholarly journals CAMPUR TANGAN ASING di INDONESIA : CRISIS MANAGEMENT INITIATIVE DALAM PENYELESAIAN KONFLIK ACEH (2005-2012)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Eka Auliana Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
Peace Process ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
Peace Negotiations ◽  
Free Aceh Movement ◽  
Historical Methodology ◽  
The Impact

Tulisan ini memuat peranan Crisis Management Initiative dalam Penyelesaian Konflik antara Gerakan Aceh Merdeka dengan Pemerintah Indonesia (2005-2012)”. Setelah pemerintah Indonesia menggunakan pendekatan militer untuk menyelesaikan konflik yang terjadi di Aceh namun menemui jalan buntu, maka pemerintah Indonesia menggunakan pendekatan baru dengan menggunakan pendekatan dialog dan menghadirkan pihak ketiga sebagai mediator. Pada masa pemerintahan Presiden Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (2004-  2009) terdapat perubahan lembaga dalam penyelesaian konflik Aceh, yakni mempercayakan NGO asal Finlandia yaitu “Crisis Management Initatiative” sebagai mediator dalam penyelesaian konflik Aceh. Masalah utama yang dibahas dalam skripsi ini adalah “Bagaimana Peranan Crisis Management Initiative dalam Penyelesaian Konflik antara Gerakan Aceh Merdeka dengan Pemerintah Indonesia 2005-2012?”. Masalah  utama tersebut kemudian disusun menjadi tiga pertanyaan penelitian, yaitu (1). Bagaimana pengaruh GAM terhadap konflik Aceh, (2) Apakah latar belakang terpilihnya CMI sebagai mediator, (3) Bagaimana proses perdamaian yang dimediasi oleh CMI, (4) Bagaimana dampak dari hasil perundingan damai dalam aspek sosial, ekonomi dan politik di Aceh. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis latar belakang terbentuknya GAM, menganalisis latar belakang pemilihan CMI sebagai mediator dan proses perdamaian yang dimediasi oleh CMI, serta menjelaskan dampak perundingan bagi masyarakat Aceh. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode historis yaitu meliputi pengumpulan sumber, kritik sumber, interpretasi dan historiografi.  Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah (1) GAM terbentuk karena adanya kekecewaan masyarakat Aceh terhadap kebijakan Pemerintah Indonesia , (2) CMI merupakan NGO yang bergerak di bidang resolusi konflik, (3) Musibah tsunami berpengaruh terhadap proses perdamaian, (4) proses perdamaian dilakukan sebanyak lima putaran, (4) CMI berhasil menyatukan keinginan kedua belah pihak.Kata Kunci : Gerakan Aceh Merdeka, Konflik,Crisis Management Initiative, Pemerintah Indonesia.This article examines the role of  "Crisis Management Initiative in Conflict Resolution between the Free Aceh Movement and the Indonesian Government (2005-2012)". After the Indonesian government used a military approach to resolve the conflict in Aceh but was deadlocked, then Indonesian government used a new approach by using a dialogue approach and presenting third parties as mediators. During the administration of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (2004-2009) there was a change in the institution to resolve the Aceh conflict, both sides entrusting a NGO and namely as “Crisis Management Initatiative” as a mediator. The main issue of this thesis is "How was the Role of Crisis Management Initiative in the Conflict Resolution between the Free Aceh Movement and the Indonesian Government 2005-2012?". Then it’s developed into four research questions: (1) How about GAM’s impact in Aceh conflict, (2) What isthe background of CMI's election as a mediator, (3) How was the peace process which is mediated by CMI, (4) What were the impact of the results by peace negotiations on social, economic and political aspects in Aceh. The purpose of this research is to analyze the impact of GAM in Aceh conflict, analyze the reason of CMI’s selection as a mediator and the peace process mediated by CMI, and the last was  to find out the impact of negotiations for the Aceh people. The methodology that is used in this research is historical methodology which consists of finding references (heuristic), criticizing the references, interpretating the references and historiography. therefore the results of the research are (1)  GAM was formed because of the disappointed Acehnese people towards the policies by Indonesian Government, (2) CMI was a NGO which focuss in conflict resolution, (3) tsunami’s disaster have impact on peace proccess (4) the peace process was carried out in five rounds, (4) CMI succeeded to unite both side’s pretension.Keywords : Free Aceh Movement, Conflict, Crisis Management Initiativ, Indonesian Government.

Role of Security Mechanisms in the Building Blocks of the Cloud Infrastructure

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-53
Author(s):  
Kowsigan Mohan ◽  
P. Balasubramanie Palanisamy ◽  
G.R. Kanagachidambaresan ◽  
Siddharth Rajesh ◽  
Sneha Narendran
Keyword(s):  
Building Blocks ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Cloud Provider ◽  
Scheduling Problems ◽  
Cloud Environment ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Cloud Infrastructure ◽  
Security Issues

This chapter describes how security plays a vital role in cloud computing, as the name itself specifies the data can be stored from any place and can be owned by anyone. Even though the cloud offers many benefits such as flexibility, scalability and agility, security issues are still backlog the cloud infrastructure. Much research is being done on cloud security equal to the scheduling problems in the cloud environment. The customers under the cloud providers are very concerned about their data, which has been stored in the cloud environment. In this regard, it is essential for a cloud provider to implement some powerful tools for security, to provide a secure cloud infrastructure to the customers. Generally speaking, there are some foundational needs to be attained and some actions to be combined to ensure data security in both cloud, as well as, non-cloud infrastructure. This book chapter concentrates only on the security issues, security measures, security mechanisms, and security tools of the cloud environment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document