scholarly journals Muslims preaching movements in British-India: An appraisal of the Tablighi Jamaat and its competitors

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 356-371
Author(s):  
Kausar Ali ◽  
Huang Minxing
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
British India ◽  
Colonial India ◽  
Islamic Schools ◽  
British Raj ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
British Rule ◽  
The World

The article examines emergence of the Tablighi Jamaat (henceforth TJ) in colonial India. It discusses the emergence of Tablighi Jamaat in light of the proselytizing (Tablighi) competition among various Islamic schools that emerged soon after the failure of the 1857 war. This article answers the question of why Maulana Ilyas founded the TJ in undivided India? This study aims to understand the emergence of the TJ in light of the deprivation and Maududian theory of Islamic revivalism. The discussion is based on qualitative analysis of the existing secondary sources in the form of books, research articles, and reports, etc. This study finds that TJ was founded because several Tablighi Jamaats belonged to different Islamic sects during British rule, responded to the challenges of the Muslim community. The Deobandi, Barailvi, Ahl-i-Hadith, and Shi’a Muslims established their proselytizing societies. This study concludes that the Deobandi Tablighi Jamaat emerged not only in response to the anti-Islamic campaigns of Hindus and Christians. The TJ was also founded in response to the preaching struggles of other Islamic schools in the British Raj. It is recommended that the TJ works to implement the Deobandi version of Islam in the world should be further studied

scholarly journals God help us: Spirituality and religiosity amid corona pandemic in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-60
Author(s):  
Kausar Ali ◽  
Huang Minxing
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Religious Coping ◽  
Coping Strategy ◽  
The State ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Religious People ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The People ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Threatening Situation

This research discusses the response of the religious people to the corona pandemic in Pakistan. The study aims to answer why the Islamists refused to cooperate with the state authorities in its struggle against the pandemic? This study is based on the theory of existential security which states that natural calamities and disasters always increase religiosity in the people. This study is based on analysing all the existing primary and secondary sources in the form of books, research articles and government reports. The discussion in this paper is based on the qualitative analysis of all the existing sources. This study has argued that the Islamists refused to support the state policymakers because they firmly believed that the virus emerged because of Allah’s wrath. The study has also found that the response of the Tablighi Jamaat (henceforth TJ), other religious organisations, and clerics amid the coronavirus in the country was indeed a religious coping strategy. This strategy is commonly used by people whenever they face a life-threatening situation. The study suggests that Pakistan could not resist the Islamists because resisting them could cause severe problems in the country.

Federating the Raj: Hyderabad, sovereign kingship, and partition

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUNIL PURUSHOTHAM
Keyword(s):  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Decisive Factor ◽  
British India ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
Colonial India ◽  
British Raj ◽  
Princely State ◽  
Muslim Majority

AbstractThis article explores the idea of federation in late-colonial India. Projects of federation sought to codify the uncodified and fragmented sovereign landscape of the British Raj. They were ambitious projects that raised crucial questions about sovereignty, kingship, territoriality, the potential of constitutional law in transforming the colonial state into a democratic one, and India's political future more broadly. In the years after 1919, federation became a capacious model for imagining a wide array of political futures. An all-India Indian federation was seen as the most plausible means of maintaining India's unity, introducing representative government, and overcoming the Hindu–Muslim majority–minority problem. By bringing together ‘princely’ India and British India, federation made the Indian states central players in late-colonial contestations over sovereignty. This article explores the role of the states in constitutional debates, their place in Indian political imaginaries, and articulations of kingship in late-colonial India. It does so through the example of Hyderabad, the premier princely state, whose ruler made an unsuccessful bid for independence between 1947 and 1948. Hyderabad occupied a curious position in competing visions of India's future. Ultimately, the princely states were a decisive factor in the failure of federation and the turn to partition as a means of overcoming India's constitutional impasse.

Materialism, Mutiny and Modernization in British India

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
IRA KLEIN
Keyword(s):  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Social Engineering ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Rapid Progress ◽  
British India ◽  
British Raj ◽  
Past Generation ◽  
British Rule ◽  
Career Opportunities ◽  
Poverty Levels

British rule in India probably was in the reformist van of colonial regimes, but by Independence relatively few among the Indian populace had benefited notably from Western ‘modernization’. Although praised lavishly by a past generation of English historians for equipping India for ‘rapid progress’ under ‘the rule of law’, British policies hardly represented exemplary social engineering or ‘transformed’ the prosperity, health, well being, education or career opportunities of most Indians. Early in its sway the British raj conceived of implanting on the subcontinent modes of development responsible for England's rapid progress and prosperity and the advance of its peoples. Why, then, was the success not greater of Western programs, and why did policies of economic development leave at mid-twentieth century a majority of Indians living below poverty levels drawn close to subsistence? Was Western ‘reformism’ materially exploitative, or promising but checked by the regime's major political disturbance, the ‘Mutiny’ or Revolt of 1857, or were British policies culturally suppressive, or is more complex analysis needed to comprehend the Western impact?

Models of Peasant Differentiation and Aspects of Agrarian Economy in Colonial India

1985 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shri Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Colonial India ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Agrarian Economy ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
British Rule ◽  
Peasant Society ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

Given their sheer numbers, it is hardly surprising that the fate of peasants during British Rule in India should have become a principal index for evaluating its successes and failures. Since the Raj was much more than another effete political superimposition on supposedly timeless villages, the question of agrarian growth or stagnation during its currency is intertwined with more general issues. In so far as colonialism meant a sizable expansion of trade to and from the rural areas, its impact on village social structure in India bears comparison with that of a modern market on peasantries in other parts of the world. Perhaps, the classic case of a peasantry coming face to face with a growing market happened in Russia between 1860 and 1930. The history of that period has generated conceptual discussion about the dynamics of peasant society. The possibility of some of those ideas shedding light on the situation in India has prompted Indo-Russian contrasts and comparisons in agrarian history on more than one occasion (Charlesworth: 1979; Stein: 1984). As a sequel to these writings the Russian debate is considered here briefly in order to suggest some ways in which it might be useful in the Indian context.

Colonial Deindustrialisation of India

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-53
Author(s):  
Brijesh K. Mishra ◽  
Siddhartha Rastogi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
East India Company ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Colonial India ◽  
British Raj ◽  
Unequal Exchange ◽  
British Rule ◽  
British East India Company

While it is quite well accepted that the British rule imposed a heavy cost on India in terms of financial and industrial losses, the economic impact of the Company rule is still far from settled. Rule of the British East India Company (BEIC), and later the crown, has the scholars divided on whether the colonial India suffered a systematic draw down of its economic resources—the so-called drain theory. While the British version underplays or denies such a drain, the nationalists suggest it was a major long-term damage. This article reviews and critiques the economic policies of the British Raj in detail to know whether there was at all a drain of resources out of India and, if yes, to what extent. It was found that while the nationalists exaggerated effects of the drain, their arguments hold significant value. Finally, drain theory is assessed in the backdrop of the theory of unequal exchange.

Muslim Separatism in Post-Revolt India: A British Game of Divide et Impera?

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-124
Author(s):  
Belkacem Belmekki
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
British India ◽  
British Rule ◽  
Equal Importance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
The Many

The emergence of a separatist tendency among the majority of the Muslim community in British India in the wake of the happenings of 1857 has been a bone of contention among scholars concerned with the history of the Indian Subcontinent. In this regard, various theories and explanations have been put forward. While some claim that this separatism was in fact a ploy used by the elite of the Muslim community to safeguard their interests, others consider the fear of the overwhelming Hindu majority as a bona fide factor that triggered alienation with the latter, and still others evoke the many religious cum cultural divergences that exist between the Muslims and Hindus. Nevertheless, the present article seeks to set out another element of equal importance, namely British rule, whose role was to a large extent instrumental in polarizing the Indian society, dividing it into two main separate communities, Muslim and Hindu.

The Transformation of the Indo-Tibetan Trade in Wool, 1904–1962

China Report ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-409
Author(s):  
Diki Sherpa
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Emergence Pattern ◽  
Economic Relationships ◽  
Colonial India ◽  
British Raj ◽  
The World ◽  
Material History ◽  
North Bengal

During the first half of the twentieth century, the wool trade articulated new political and economic relationships between Tibet and the British Raj in India and the world beyond. Kalimpong, the Eastern Himalayan town in North Bengal, flourished on the basis of India’s frontier trade with Tibet for about five decades. By placing the trans-frontier wool trade of colonial India at the centre of analysis, this article seeks to highlight the material history that existed on its landed periphery. An attempt will be made to understand the emergence, pattern and significance of India’s trans-frontier trade with Tibet in the light of major geopolitical changes in this region and the world in the twentieth century. The article will argue that the channelling of trade through the Kalimpong–Lhasa route was driven by multiple colonial interests, as well as commercial considerations. In particular, safeguarding the empire and producing a unified sovereign space in the newly established Himalayan frontier constituted a major concern of the British Raj.

scholarly journals The origins of Muslim nationalism in British India

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Baltar
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
British India ◽  
Religious Minority ◽  
Colonial Society ◽  
British Rule ◽  
The Status ◽  
Collective Imagination ◽  
Hindu Community

<p>British rule of India stripped Muslim elites of their traditional status of ruling class and reduced them to the status of a religious minority doubly pressured by the new conditions of colonial society and competition of the majority Hindu community. These pressures strengthened in the collective imagination the perception of a minority at a disadvantage and it helped the Muslim elites to become gradually aware of their right to constitute in nationhood and the need to organize politically to defend their interests. This article aims to analyze how Islamic nationalism was taking shape during the second half of the nineteenth century and an early twentieth century from two fundamental assumptions: the backwardness of the Muslim community and the fear of Hindu hegemony.</p>

How Heresy Makes Orthodoxy

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Qadir
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Moral Authority ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World

This article explores the on-going construction, or “sedimentation,” of Sunni orthodoxy by paying attention to the boundary role of “insider-Others.” To highlight how boundary positions of heretical communities shape the category of orthodox Islam, this paper focuses on the social processes excluding the “heretical” Ahmadiyya Muslim Community in South Africa. The paper undertakes a qualitative analysis of two Supreme Court cases involving Ahmadis and the Muslim Judicial Council of South Africa, local representatives of orthodox Sunnism. These two cases stand out in a contentious history that has led to extreme ostracism of Ahmadis by Sunni Muslims in the country. The analysis identifies three features of Sunni orthodoxy that crystallized in the process of conflict with the Ahmadiyya: alienation, transnationalism, and Archimedean moral authority. These features help make sense of social processes marginalizing Ahmadis around the world, and offer new insights into construction of global Sunni orthodoxy.

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