scholarly journals Cobiax and post-tension slabs: A comparative study based on the construction duration time and cost

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Haitham Kannas ◽  
Mahmoud Alhassan ◽  
Abdallah M. S. Wafi
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Construction Stage ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The World ◽  
Post Tension ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Strength And Durability

Slabs are one of the most basic components concerning the cost of the structure, because of the number of building materials utilized. It is of incentive to think about the current technologies available, meaning to make these slabs cost less or even improve its behaviour. Cobiax and post-tension slabs systems show up as an appropriate alternative. In light of this reason, this paper focuses on demonstrating the advantages and disadvantages of both Cobiax and post-tension systems. Nowadays, these systems are very popular all around the world. It is very necessary to have a wide understanding of the differences in cost and the construction duration between these two systems and have good knowledge about the advantages and disadvantages of both types. Firstly, the properties of these types of slabs have been reported and the advantages and disadvantages for both systems and then the cost and time has been compared, which are the most important factors for the owners. Finally, it has been made a comparison between the reinforcement quantities, concrete quantities, final cost and duration to finalize the construction stage.  As a result, it has been found that the post-tension system is more economical than the Cobiax system according to reinforcement quantities, on the other hand, Cobiax system is more economical in concrete quantities which leads to lighter buildings and fewer reinforcement quantities in foundations. When the construction duration has been considered, it has been found that the post-tension is the quickest system in the construction field because it is increasing the strength and durability of the structure which the Cobiax system cannot provide.

scholarly journals The principles of the dependent and independent nationality of spouses: advantages and disadvantages

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 105-121
Author(s):  
Seyyed Mohsen Hashemi-Nasab Zavareh ◽  
Elham Ghaffarian ◽  
Naser Ghamkhar
Keyword(s):  
Unconditional Basis ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Nationality Policy ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The World

On marriage issues, many countries have espoused the independence of nationality policy, that is, they accept neutral effects of marriage on nationality. We don’t see the point of bestowing nationality on an alien woman who has married a national man but lives abroad. The ratio of countries in favor of dependent nationality to those in favor of independent nationality is one to three. So, there are only a few countries left still pursuing a policy of forcing husbands’ nationality upon alien women on an unconditional basis. The main question in this paper is: Should the nationality of one spouse be imposed on the other one, making them both subjects of one State? After an introduction (chapter Ⅰ), we analyze the theory of the unity of nationality and the theory of independent nationality (chapter Ⅱ). In chapter Ⅲ we see international documents on the theories of dependent and independent nationality. Finally, we take care of the present situation of the world in respect to nationality laws and then we resume some conclusions; the main one is that some political approaches seems to discriminates between national and foreign women.  

Preferential Marriage: Correlation of the Various Modes among the Bantu Tribes of the Union of South Africa

Africa ◽  
1928 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Eiselen
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cousin Marriage ◽  
Independent Origin ◽  
The World ◽  
The Comparative Study

The several forms of preferential mating, such as cross-cousin marriage, sororate and levirate, are well known and have been reported from all the ethnographic provinces of the world. Lately Lowie and Rivers have devoted special chapters in their books on social organization to the comparative study of these important institutions. Lowie has pointed out that there is strong evidence for the correlation of sororate and levirate. The later publication of Rivers hardly serves to make these matters any clearer than Lowie's work. Although the latter scholar, with Tylor and others, recognized the close connexion existing between sororate and levirate, the evidence at his disposal did not allow him to arrive at a similar conclusion with regard to the other forms of preferential marriage. Accordingly he had to treat them, for the time being, as institutions of independent origin.

scholarly journals Residual Ridge Resorption– Revisited

2017 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. 076-080
Author(s):  
Ramandeep Kaur ◽  
Manjit Kumar ◽  
Neha Jindal ◽  
Isha Badalia
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
The Other ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
The World ◽  
Bone Atrophy ◽  
Bony Ridge ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Tooth Extractions

AbstractThe Residual Ridge Resorption (RRR) is a major unsolved oral disease with unidentifiable characteristics and unwanted squealae causing physical, psychologic, and economic problems for millions of people all over the world. RRR is basically a term used to describe a condition that affects the alveolar ridge after tooth extractions even after healing of the wounds. RRR is a chronic, progressive, irreversible, and disabling disease, probably of multifactorial origin. The possible etiological factors could be divided into four categories: anatomic, metabolic, functional, and prosthetic. The primary structural change in the reduction of residual ridges is the loss of bone or reduction in the size of bony ridge under mucoperiosteum. The reduction in the ridge mainly occurs labially, lingually and on the crest. The reduction of the residual ridge leads to a variety of stages of ridge form, including high well-rounded, knife-edge, low well-rounded, and depressed forms. Alveolar bone atrophy is cumulative and irreversible, since alveolar bone cannot regenerate. It differs from one individual to the other. It also varies at different times and different sites. Some authors feel RRR as a normal physiologic process and not a disease but the cost in economic and human terms makes RRR as a major oral disease that can be described in terms of its pathology, pathophysiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, etiology, treatment and prevention.

scholarly journals What factors need to be considered when assessing the financial costs of medicines

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-72
Author(s):  
A S Fedorenko ◽  
A T Burbello ◽  
M V Pokladova ◽  
M A Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
General Idea ◽  
World Health ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Financial Costs ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Medical University ◽  
North Western

The article presents possible approaches to assessing the financial costs of medicines. The results of the ABC/VEN and ATC DDD analyzes recommended by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and the World Health Organization (WHO) in assessing the financial costs of medicines in a large multidisciplinary hospital are described. The evaluation of ABC/VEN and ATC/DDD analyzes, their advantages and disadvantages is given. It is shown that the ABC/VEN analysis gives only a general idea of planning financial expenditures and ATC/DDD about real drug consumption in the treatment of one patient. The financial costs of treating one patient vary significantly and depend on many factors: disease nosology, severity, division profile, etc. It was determined which factors should be taken into account both in estimating the cost of medicines and in planning financial expenditures for the next year. (For citation: Fedorenko AS, Burbello AT, Pokladova MV, Ivanova MA. What factors need to be considered when assessing the financial costs of medicines. Herald of North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov. 2018;10(2):64-72. doi: 10.17816/mechnikov201810264-72).

scholarly journals ЕЛЕКТРОННЕ ГОЛОСУВАННЯ: МОЖЛИВОСТІ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ РЕЦЕПЦІЇ

2019 ◽  
pp. 60-72
Author(s):  
Ю. А. Данько ◽  
Н. Г. Білоцерківська Білоцерківська
Keyword(s):  
Political Life ◽  
Electronic Voting ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Election Process ◽  
The World ◽  
Voting System ◽  
Election Results ◽  
Complex Forms ◽  
Electronic Voting System ◽  
The Cost

The article considers the advantages and disadvantages of implementing and applying the electronic voting system in different countries of the world and the prospects for the introduction of electronic voting in Ukraine. It is noted that e-democracy is a direct tool of democratization and development of the society in the information direction. One of the mechanisms of e-democracy is e-voting. Electronic voting is considered as a procedure for the implementation of the expression of will with the use of electronic means and as an automated process of counting votes, which simplifies the voting procedure and contributes to raising the level of electoral activity. It has been determined that e-voting, although it is one of the most complex forms of e-democracy, can still increase the interest of citizens, namely, the young people in the political life of the country, reduce the cost of the election process, enable citizens with disabilities to carry out a process of expression of will, improve the reliability of the procedure for counting election results. The author also examines the forms of e-voting that are used in world practice, namely: voting through the Internet, voting in the booth using "electronic ballot boxes" and e-voting with the help of a mobile phone. The experience of using e-voting system in different countries of the world, such as USA, Brazil, Estonia, Austria, Finland, Switzerland, France, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Germany, Norway, etc., is analyzed. Identified problems faced by countries in elections when using the e-voting system. The author also considers the measures that Ukraine is developing to implement the e-voting system. In particular, it was noted that the first attempts to establish on the legislative level the introduction of electronic voting in Ukraine were recorded as early as 2011. At present, the use of electronic voting in Ukraine is only in the stage of active discussion. Based on the experience of other countries, it has been determined that electronic voting should be used in parallel with the traditional expression of will.

scholarly journals “DESCENT INTO HELL” VS “THE LEGEND OF THE GREAT GUEST”: CHRISTIAN DOGMA IN THE ETHNO-RELIGIOUS SYSTEM OF THE OSSETIANS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
С.Г. КЦОЕВА
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
New Testament ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Religious System ◽  
The World ◽  
Religious Cult ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Canonical Texts ◽  
The Comparative Study

Статья посвящена анализу христианских интерференций в самобытной этноре- лигиозной системе осетин. В «Осетинских этюдах» Миллер со ссылкой на работу Б. Га- тиева привел легенду о Барастыре. Этот правитель загробного мира по ходатайству неизвестного, но «великого гостя» выпустил грешников из ада и ввел их в рай. Миллер, предположивший в данной легенде отражение христианского догматического предания о сошествии Иисуса Христа в ад, не стал доказывать свою гипотезу, и в некоторой сте- пени настоящее исследование является ее научной проверкой. Анализ сюжета позволяет с уверенностью констатировать его христианскую основу. Предпринятое сравнитель- ное изучение осетинской легенды и христианского догмата выявило как совпадения, так и несовпадения отдельных элементов легенды с каноническим преданием, что обусловило необходимость обращения к ветхо- и новозаветным апокрифам, касающимся данного со- бытия. Их разбор также не оставил сомнений в точности миллеровской догадки. Отсыл- ка к неканоническим текстам в ходе настоящего исследования была обусловлена также скудостью упоминаний о событии Сошествия в ад в библейском каноне. Обращение же к неканоническим евангелиям в ходе сравнительного анализа способствовало его существен- ной объективации, вследствие чего в статье особо подчеркивается проблема апокрифиче- ских заимствований, остающаяся, судя по небольшому количеству публикаций, одной из наименее изученных в осетиноведении. Кроме того, материалы сравнительного изучения способствовали выявлению третьего, неожиданного объекта анализа — иудейских элемен- тов в предпасхальной этнорелигиозной обрядности осетин («суфæхæрæн æхсæв»), что позволило вывести исследование за рамки собственно мировоззренческой сферы в другую область религиозной системы — этнорелигиозную культовую практику. The article is devoted to the analysis of the Christian interference into the original ethnoreligious system of the Ossetians. V. Miller in his «Ossetian etudes» referred to B. Gatiev’s work where the legend about Barastyr is narrated. This ruler of the world of the dead at the request of the «great guest» released sinners from the hell and welcomed them to the paradise. V. Miller suggested that this legend reflects the Christian dogmatic tradition of the Descent of Jesus Christ into hell. He, however, did not develop this hypothesis, and, to some extent, the present study is a scientific verification of this hypothesis. The analysis of the plot allows us to state with certainty its Christian basis. The undertaken comparative study of the Ossetian legend and Christian dogma revealed both coincidences and discrepancies between the separate elements of the legend with the canonical gospel. This necessitated addressing the Old and New Testament apocrypha, which relate this event. The present analysis leaves little doubt about the accuracy of Millerʼs guess. The reference to non-canonical texts in the course of this study is also due to the meagerness of references to the Descent into hell. The analysis of the non-canonical Gospels in the course of the comparative study contributed to its significant objectification, as a result of which the article highlights the problem of apocryphal borrowings. Judging by the small number of publications, this problem is one of the least investigated in the Ossetian studies. In addition, the materials of the comparative study helped to identify the third, unexpected object of analysis — the Jewish elements in the religious pre-Easter ritual («sufæhæræn æхsæv») among Ossetians. This made it possible to extend the research beyond the actual worldview scope to the other field of the religious system — ethno-religious cult practice.

scholarly journals Low Innovation among Building Material Suppliers: The Natural Level of the Trade

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Sundquist
Keyword(s):  
Building Material ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
New Products ◽  
The Other ◽  
Natural Level ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Innovation Processes

 Many studies concerning innovation have been carried out on building contractors, but very few have studied innovation among the suppliers of building materials. In Sweden the cost of building materials is approximately 40% of the total building costs. Some products also need more handeling than others, therefore not only cost but also productivity is affectedby the suppliers of building materials. This article focuses on innovation among building material suppliers which is found to be low. The suppliers are compared to other lines of business to show the level of their innovation processes. The article is based upon slightly over 800 companies of various sizes. Important findings are:A smaller proportion of the Building Material suppliers than of the Other Manufacturers offer new products, invest in R&D, machinery and marketing the introduction of products.The Building Material Suppliers have a greater proportion of their sales from older products and have older equipment than Other Manufacturers.The Building Material Suppliers have poorer production processes and they are not as good at finding new ides as the Other ManufacturersThe study reveals barriers within the trade, where motivation seems to be of great importance.

scholarly journals PARADIGMA DASAR FENOMENOLOGIS, HERMENEUTIKA DAN TEORI KRITIS

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-20
Author(s):  
Wisri Wisri ◽  
Abd. Mughni
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Critical Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Valuable Contribution ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Interpretation System ◽  
To Come ◽  
Holy Book

Attempts to understand reality as it exists in its purity without the need to "intervention" by anything and anyone. Regardless of that advantages and disadvantages, that has provided a valuable contribution to the world of science, overcoming the crisis of methodology, and could become an influential discipline. Phenomenology tries to come near to the object of the study critically and carefully in observation, by not prejudiced with any previous conceptions. Therefore, it is seen as a rigorous science (a tight science) by the phenomenologist. Hermeneutic initially "only" interpret the texts of holy book, in the development becoming more expansive. It spread abroad to the other fields in the social sciences, especially philology, dassein and existential understanding, interpretation, and interpretation system. Finally phenomenology and hermeneutic can be firmly united by Ricoeur. They reputed that they can not be separated and should be accompanied each other. Phenomenology is a basic "irreplaceable" assumption for hermeneutic. On the contrary, hermeneutic is the proponent for phenomenology to running the program well. While the goal of critical theory is to eliminate the various forms of domination and encourage freedom, justice and equality. This theory uses the reflective method by getting constructive critisism to the social administration or institution, politic or economic, which tended to obstructive to the attainment of freedom, justice, and equality.

scholarly journals Assessment of the rationale behind the concurrent practice of conventional and computed radiography in two federal hospitals in Maiduguri, Borno state

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
Moi Alhamdu ◽  
Ukeme Pius ◽  
Joseph Dlama
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Computed Radiography ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Backup System ◽  
Main Disadvantage ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Referring Physicians

Objectives: To determine the rationale behind the concurrent practice of conventional and computed radiography systems in two federal hospitals and to determine the advantages and disadvantages Methodology: Fifty-one questionnaires comprising 22 items and divided into four sections were distributed to radiologists, radiographers and intern radiographers. Analysis was carried out using the Statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19.0. Chi-square was used to test the hypothesis with the significance level of p<0.05. Results: Most respondents (68.6%, n=35) agreed that the incidence of preference of one radiographic system over the other by referring physicians was the main rationale for the concurrent practice of both radiographic systems in their departments. Majority (88.2%, n=45) agreed that the main advantage of the concurrent practice of both radiographic systems was that each radiographic system could serve as backup in the event of breakdown of one system. Majority (66.7%, n=34) agreed that the main disadvantage of the concurrent practice of both radiographic systems was that it was expensive to practice and maintain both systems concurrently. Chi square value was statistically significant p<0.005. Conclusion: The major rationale was preference by referring physicians. The study revealed the advantages of the concurrent practice of both radiographic systems and the provision of a backup system in the event of break down. The disadvantage of the concurrent practice of both radiographic systems is the cost of maintenance and the incidence of undue preference of one radiographic system over another. Acknowledgement: we acknowledge the management and staff of Radiology departments of the two hospitals where the study took place.

Post-Tensioned Stress Ribbon Systems in Long Span Roofs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samih Ahmed ◽  
Guayente Minchot ◽  
Anders Eriksson ◽  
Fritz King ◽  
Mikael Hällgren
Keyword(s):  
Tension Stress ◽  
Cable System ◽  
Long Span ◽  
System A ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
The World ◽  
Cable Systems ◽  
Post Tension ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Cost

<p>Cable systems have numerous advantages, such as: large column-free areas, and reduced materials consumption, which reduces the load and the cost. Nevertheless, they are rarely used in long span roofs due to large deflections, and the insufficient space for end supports, or/and back-stayed cables. This work suggests the use of post-tension stress ribbon system in long span roofs in order to reduce the pull-out forces, deflections and concrete stresses compared to a conventional cable system. A comparison is carried out through meticulous and accurate finite element simulations, using SAP2000, implemented for the new +200m roof of Västerås Travel Center (Sweden), which will become one of the longest cable suspended roofs in the world, if not the longest. Results confirm the suitability and superiority of stress ribbon systems as it reduces concrete stresses, deflections, pull-out forces and vertical reactions. These reductions are found highly correlated to the applied prestressing forces.</p>

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