Countering Medicines Trafficking in Russia in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Key Problems and Ways to Solve Them

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
A. V. Egorov
Keyword(s):  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
State Control ◽  
Pharmaceutical Sector ◽  
Counterfeit Drugs ◽  
Government Response ◽  
Imperfect State

The article examines a number of key problems in the fight against illicit medicines trafficking in Russia in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and the development of a set of organizational and legal measures to increase the effectiveness of such a fight. The author concludes that the scale and severity of the various consequences caused by the COVID-19 pandemic are, to a certain extent, due to imperfect state control over the shadow pharmaceutical sector. In particular, many standard measures of government response to drug trafficking are not effective enough to ensure reliable protection of the population from the negative impact of illegal circulation of counterfeit, substandard, unregistered, counterfeit drugs.The measures proposed by the author are aimed at improving the efficiency of the system for preventing drug trafficking not only in relation to the modern conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, but also designed to ensure state control over the production and circulation of drugs in any emergency conditions.

scholarly journals Biomedical Consideration in the Manufacture, Clinical Trial and Bioequivalence Studies of Pharmaceuticals

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
ABM Faroque
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Bioequivalence Study ◽  
Pharmaceutical Sector ◽  
Counterfeit Drugs ◽  
New Era ◽  
National Market ◽  
Trade Name ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Bangladesh pharmaceutical sector has been growing at a remarkable speed since 1982. From the meager 30% national market share, now it is supplying 97% of our annual demand. Around 1,100 generics are now available in a total of around 12,000 trade name products. The national market size has crossed 6,000 crore taka per annum, where the local multinational share is only 7%. Our industries are now exporting drugs to 72 countries. But just because our pharmaceutical sector has developed its own backbone does not meant that our pharmaceutical industries have solved the relevant bioethical questions. There are complaints that some companies do not pursue necessary bioethical norm as at various levels of its manufacturing processes. Still a good number of small companies sell sub-standard and counterfeit drugs, and yet some are not following accepted GMP standards. Moreover, for capturing foreign markets we need clinical trials and bioequivalence study results. These study needs human subjects as volunteers. In a poverty-stricken country like us, if we do not establish these clinical trial and bioequivalence norms, everything becomes irrelevant. If we can establish theses norms, this could be the beginning of a new era for further growth of our pharmaceutical industries vis-à-vis our public health national economy.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v2i1.9813  Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2011; 2(1): 18-21

scholarly journals Ways to improve environmental taxation in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 10032
Author(s):  
Galina Semenova
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Environmental Taxation ◽  
State Control ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Negative Environmental Impact

Negative Environmental Impact (NEI) is one of the measures of state control over the level of environmental pollution. The established fee must be paid by all organizations, enterprises and institutions whose activities are associated with a negative impact on nature. Assessing the potential of the tax system that exists today, we have to state that the maximum possible level of the share of revenues from the exploitation of natural resources provided by the tax system as a whole (including direct and indirect taxes) cannot exceed 20%. As for direct taxes on the exploitation of natural resources, they are calculated only by a few percent. The need for reforms in the Russian tax system is obvious. The subject of the study is the types of negative environmental impact. The purpose of the study is to identify ways to improve environmental taxation. Methodology. To study the topic, the rates for emissions of pollutants into the air and into water bodies, and for the disposal of production and consumption wastes according to their hazard class were considered. Results - greening of tax policy is needed, and some of its areas that will completely change the system of waste collection and disposal in Russia are highlighted.

scholarly journals Problems of Values Orientations Actualization in Hybrid Democracies: Russian Case

2016 ◽  
pp. 116-124
Author(s):  
D V Zhuravlev
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
The Political ◽  
Democratic Regime ◽  
Democratic Values ◽  
State Control ◽  
Regime Formation ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Hybrid Regime ◽  
The Impact

This article discusses the problems of democratic values implementation in the Russian hybrid regime. In particular, the article analyzes the impact of the political leadership various aspects on the democratization process, shows the data of representative sample of public opinion regarding the value patterns. With the help of discourse analysis, the author comes to the conclusion that there is a negative impact of state control over the public sphere in the process of a democratic regime formation, as well as there is a need of active inclusion of civil society, including the scientific community, in the process of formulating the democratic values’ orientations.

scholarly journals Problems of false medicines' distribution and prospects of combat: survey of specialists and consumers results

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Serhii Lebed ◽  
Alla Nemchenko
Keyword(s):  
Medical Service ◽  
The State ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Regulatory Body ◽  
State Control ◽  
Counterfeit Drugs ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Packaging Design ◽  
Sales Channels

The aim: comparative analysis of the results of a questionnaire survey of pharmaceutical and medical professionals and consumers, conducted by the authors during 2019-2021 to identify opinions on which there are coincidences and differences, as well as an assessment of the problem of drug counterfeiting in Ukraine to develop approaches to prevent their spread. Materials and methods. The study used scientific publications, as well as the results of a survey of specialists of the State Service of Ukraine for Medicines and Drug Control (State Medical Service) and its territorial bodies, pharmaceutical and medical professionals of health care institutions and consumers on the fight against drug falsification. The research was conducted using the methods of questionnaires, systematization and generalization. Results. According to the results of a comprehensive questionnaire during 2019-2021, it was found that the share of CM in the Ukrainian pharmaceutical market is estimated at 5 % by a majority of respondents on average 58.5 %, including 59.7 % of experts of the State Medical Service, 42.3 % of pharmacy specialists, 11.4 % by doctors and 73.5 % by consumers. Respondents' answers about the signs of drug falsification differ significantly, so most experts believe that this is a change in the usual signs (taste, smell, color), while pharmacy specialists - labelling in a foreign language, doctors - no therapeutic effect, for consumers it is a change in packaging design (labels) and a significantly lower price. The main sales channels of CM for experts and pharmacy specialists are e-commerce (68.7 % and 75.7 %, respectively), while the majority of consumers could not determine. Many experts and pharmacy specialists pointed to the need to introduce special security features of packaging in the form of 2d barcodes as the main method for protection and detection of CM (79.1 % and 39.6 %, respectively). Most of the surveyed pharmacy workers and consumers believe that the risk of purchasing counterfeit drugs is higher in the pharmacies of individual entrepreneurs or small pharmacy chains.The main problem that hinders the effective fight against drug counterfeiting was the imperfect legislation (68.7 %). Regarding effective tools in the fight against counterfeit drugs, experts called a significant strengthening of the powers of the regulatory body - following the example of the FDA (70.1 %). Conclusions. It is established that the most important priorities of the state policy for combating CM in Ukraine are the improvement of the system of state control and quality assurance of medicines, in particular 2d coding, as well as the need to strengthen the responsibility for drug falsification. The results of research on the problem of drug falsification indicate the feasibility of introducing a systematic survey for a wider range of respondents - professionals and consumers

scholarly journals Organizational foundations for operational and search prevention of crimes committed in the sphere of illegal drug trafficking and psychotropic substances

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (4) ◽  
pp. 148-156
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Sidorenko ◽  
Konstantin Maslennikov
Keyword(s):  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Management System ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Illegal Drug ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Psychotropic Substances ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
High Level

High level of drug criminality has a negative impact on economic and social stability, harms the national security of the state. Only operational and investigative activities, which have a complex structure of interconnected organizational and tactical elements, ensure in the face of the opposition from the criminal environment timely detection, prevention, suppression and disclosure of latent and camouflaged crimes committed in the sphere of illegal drug trafficking and psychotropic substances. The issues of organizing the activities of officers of operational units for the prevention and suppression of these crimes are the least regulated in departmental regulations. With the adoption of Federal Law, No. 182-FZ dated 23.06.2016 «About the basis of the crime prevention system in the Russian Federation» it is required to specify the tasks of operational search prevention and suppression of crimes under consideration. Taking into account the special nature of operational search information about persons involved in the illicit trafficking of narcotic substances, methods for identifying this information, in order to solve specified tasks, it is necessary to form an appropriate management system for the activities of officers of the operational units. Structurally, the management system provides for a set of mandatory elements and functional relationships that ensure a sufficient level of a separate unit efficiency. Priority tasks for the prevention of crimes committed in the field of illegal trafficking of drugs and psychotropic substances are highlighted in the article on the basis of the theoretical and legal analysis of the modern organization of the operational units’ activities of territorial bodies.

scholarly journals State Control and State Supervision in the Pharmaceutical Field: Problems of Differentiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-249
Author(s):  
О. S. Khovpun
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
The State ◽  
State Control ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Pharmaceutical Sector ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
State Supervision ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Business Entities

The author of the article has studied the essence and content of state control and state supervision in the pharmaceutical sphere. The purpose of the article is to study state control and state supervision in the pharmaceutical field and substantiate the need to distinguish between these two concepts at the regulatory level. The methodological basis of the article is a set of general scientific and special research methods. In particular, the logical and semantic method has assisted to identify shortcomings in the current legislation of Ukraine on the use of the terms of “state control” and “state supervision” in the pharmaceutical field. Analyzed scientific views on the understanding of state control and state supervision and the provisions of regulatory acts, where these two concepts are used, allowed us to conclude that Ukraine has currently an urgent need to distinguish between the concepts of “state control” and “state supervision” within current regulatory acts. After all, these two concepts in their content are not identical, have different meanings, objectives, goals. The necessity of differentiation between the state control and state supervision in the pharmaceutical sphere has been substantiated. It has been offered to understand state supervision in the pharmaceutical sector as a set of actions and measures aimed at monitoring and collecting information on compliance with the requirements, norms and standards regulating the activities of business entities in the pharmaceutical sector. Based on the results of the state supervision one can carry out state control, which should be understood as a set of actions and measures aimed at ensuring legality and discipline at all stages of production and sale of medicinal products, prevention of deviations and bringing into line with current legislation of Ukraine, as well as prosecuting guilty party. It has been emphasized that a perspective area of further research is various aspects of regulating the activities of subjects of authoritative power exercising control and supervisory powers in the pharmaceutical field.

scholarly journals Content analysis of the official documents on the turnover of counterfeit medicines in Ukraine in 2017–2020

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
С. О. Лебедь ◽  
А. С. Немченко
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The State ◽  
Counterfeit Drugs ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Counterfeit Medicines ◽  
Medicines Information ◽  
State Supervision ◽  
Effective Exchange

The purpose of the work was to conduct a content analysis of the orders of the State Medicines Service on the prohibition of the circulation of counterfeit medicines and the information messages of law enforcement agencies in 2017–2020. The object of the study was the orders of the State Medicines Service on the prohibition of the circulation of counterfeit medicines, information messages of law enforcement agencies to identify the facts of clandestine production and counterfeiting, publications on the problems of it’s distribution. The study used the methods of content analysis, systematization and generalization. Тo prevent the circulation of counterfeit medicines in the countries of the world, various methods of countering counterfeiting are being introduced, however, only in Ukraine was the restriction of measures of state supervision (control) in the pharmaceutical sector introduced as an element of deregulation. In connection with this, it was investigated how such restrictions, which were introduced three times, has influenced the identification and distribution of counterfeit medicines. For the study, a methodology for content analysis of official documents on the circulation of counterfeit medicines in the country for 2017–2020 has been proposed. In most of the orders of the State Medicines Service, revealed signs of drug falsification were introduced, which related to the labeling of packages. The imposition of a moratorium on planned measures of state supervision had a negative impact on the work of quality control bodies of medicines to identify counterfeits. In 2010–2014 (before the introduction of the first moratorium) the State Medicines Service issued 326 orders prohibiting the circulation of counterfeit medicines, but after the introduction of the moratorium, the number of orders for 6 years decreased significantly – to 118. So, in 2020, the State Medicines Service issued only 4 orders to prohibit the circulation of counterfeit drugs (for comparisons in 2017 – 18), although law enforcement officers revealed 6 facts of clandestine production and counterfeit. According to the results of the study, it was established that it was necessary to unify and standardize the management documents of the State Medicines Service on the prohibition of the circulation of counterfeit medicines, and also indicated the feasibility of introducing «field screening» of the often counterfeited medicines, to establish the real part of counterfeit medicines. Information messages from law enforcement agencies should not be limited only to the facts of revealing clandestine proceedings, but also should contain the results of court decisions on these facts. It is advisable to intensify interaction with regulatory authorities in other countries for a more effective exchange of information on detected of counterfeit medicines.

scholarly journals The impact of COVID-19 on the travel and leisure industry returns: Some international evidence

2020 ◽  
pp. 135481662097198
Author(s):  
Chien-Chiang Lee ◽  
Mei-Ping Chen
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Change Rate ◽  
Government Response ◽  
International Evidence ◽  
Quantile Regression Model ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Leisure Industry ◽  
The Impact

This research crucially investigates COVID-19 variables’ impacts on the changing distributions of travel and leisure industry returns across 65 countries via a quantile regression model that uses daily data from December 2019 to May 2020 to provide early evidences from a panel of countries. We find that the change rate in COVID-19 deaths exerts more substantial negative effects on industry returns at majority quantiles than does the impact from the number of confirmed cases. The latter number only saliently and negatively influences the lowest return quantiles, revealing a nonlinear effect of confirmed cases. The study identifies a V-shape correlation between the number of cases recovered and travel and leisure industry returns (i.e. a negative impact at the lower quantiles, but a positive impact at higher quantiles) across return quantiles. This likely denotes that confirmed cases grow exponentially and that their effect may overwhelm the impact of the number of recovered cases. Lastly, this study presents a positive correlation between government response stringency index and returns.

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