scholarly journals Problems of false medicines' distribution and prospects of combat: survey of specialists and consumers results

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Serhii Lebed ◽  
Alla Nemchenko
Keyword(s):  
Medical Service ◽  
The State ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Regulatory Body ◽  
State Control ◽  
Counterfeit Drugs ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Packaging Design ◽  
Sales Channels

The aim: comparative analysis of the results of a questionnaire survey of pharmaceutical and medical professionals and consumers, conducted by the authors during 2019-2021 to identify opinions on which there are coincidences and differences, as well as an assessment of the problem of drug counterfeiting in Ukraine to develop approaches to prevent their spread. Materials and methods. The study used scientific publications, as well as the results of a survey of specialists of the State Service of Ukraine for Medicines and Drug Control (State Medical Service) and its territorial bodies, pharmaceutical and medical professionals of health care institutions and consumers on the fight against drug falsification. The research was conducted using the methods of questionnaires, systematization and generalization. Results. According to the results of a comprehensive questionnaire during 2019-2021, it was found that the share of CM in the Ukrainian pharmaceutical market is estimated at 5 % by a majority of respondents on average 58.5 %, including 59.7 % of experts of the State Medical Service, 42.3 % of pharmacy specialists, 11.4 % by doctors and 73.5 % by consumers. Respondents' answers about the signs of drug falsification differ significantly, so most experts believe that this is a change in the usual signs (taste, smell, color), while pharmacy specialists - labelling in a foreign language, doctors - no therapeutic effect, for consumers it is a change in packaging design (labels) and a significantly lower price. The main sales channels of CM for experts and pharmacy specialists are e-commerce (68.7 % and 75.7 %, respectively), while the majority of consumers could not determine. Many experts and pharmacy specialists pointed to the need to introduce special security features of packaging in the form of 2d barcodes as the main method for protection and detection of CM (79.1 % and 39.6 %, respectively). Most of the surveyed pharmacy workers and consumers believe that the risk of purchasing counterfeit drugs is higher in the pharmacies of individual entrepreneurs or small pharmacy chains.The main problem that hinders the effective fight against drug counterfeiting was the imperfect legislation (68.7 %). Regarding effective tools in the fight against counterfeit drugs, experts called a significant strengthening of the powers of the regulatory body - following the example of the FDA (70.1 %). Conclusions. It is established that the most important priorities of the state policy for combating CM in Ukraine are the improvement of the system of state control and quality assurance of medicines, in particular 2d coding, as well as the need to strengthen the responsibility for drug falsification. The results of research on the problem of drug falsification indicate the feasibility of introducing a systematic survey for a wider range of respondents - professionals and consumers

Between Academic Self-Governance and State Control

2019 ◽  
pp. 183-195
Author(s):  
Ivan Svetlik
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
University Governance ◽  
Higher Education Governance ◽  
State Control ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Institutional Governance ◽  
Education Governance ◽  
Governance Model ◽  
External Stakeholders ◽  
The University

This chapter presents the model of university governance at the University of Ljubljana. Basic information on the university and its history is given at the beginning. The chapter continues with the description of the university governing bodies and procedures, and with the national system of higher education governance which significantly shapes the institutional governance. The presentation is based on the University of Ljubljana and national documents, and on the author's introspection being rector of the university in the period 2013–2017. Referring to some recent scientific publications, the chapter concludes with the discussion on the governing dilemmas and responses to the existing University of Ljubljana governance model which may be described as an amalgam where the primary tension exists between academic self-governance and the state-centered elements. This tension could be expressed as a permanent struggle for greater autonomy within the university and for control of the university by the state and other external stakeholders.

scholarly journals Expert evaluation of the effectiveness of the anti-counterfeiting of medicines in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
S. О. Lebed ◽  
A. S. Nemchenko
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
The State ◽  
Drug Control ◽  
Regulatory Body ◽  
Expert Evaluation ◽  
Counterfeit Drugs ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
State Service ◽  
Counterfeit Medicines

Official statistics of the counterfeit medicines circulation significantly reduces the level of patient confidence not only to pharmacy specialists, but also to the healthcare system and even other government institutions. All stakeholders, from academics to politicians, point to the significant implications of this situation for the healthcare system. The relevance and complexity of the problems of combating the falsification of medicines requires an expert assessment of pharmacy specialists.The aim of the work is to evaluate the effectiveness of the anti-counterfeiting of medicines using a questionnaire of specialists of the State Service of Ukraine on Medicines and Drug Control and its territorial bodies.The object of the research was scientific publications, as well as the study of the opinions of specialists of the State Service of Ukraine on Medicines and Drug Control and its territorial bodies on the problems of anti-counterfeiting of medicines. The study was conducted using questionnaire survey methods, systematization and generalization.According to the results of the survey, respondents rated the work of the State Service of Ukraine and its territorial bodies on the prevention of the sale of counterfeit drugs as effective, but there are some problems – 67.16% and 76.12%; in general, as effective – 31.34% and 20.90% respectively. An assessment of the directions of inspection of pharmacies has showed that the majority of respondents to the first place belonged – the cancellation of a note of  warning about planned inspection (86.57%), to the second and third – simplification of the inspection procedure in the presence of consumer complaints (without additional approvals), 64.18% and the introduction of the right to conduct «test purchases» of medicines by inspectors (56.72%), respectively. Effective methods that are appropriate to use to identify counterfeit drugs included: scanning 2-d barcodes using special equipment and software – 79.10%, a detailed study of supporting documents – 53.73%, a careful visual inspection of packages – 47,76%.Based on the results of the expert evaluation, the most important tools were established that minimize the problem of counterfeit medicines circulation: a significant increase in the powers of the regulatory body (according to the FDA) – 70.15%, independent serial quality control of imported and manufactured drugs and APIs – 64.18%, strengthening responsibility for admission to the pharmaceutical market of drugs with unproven effectiveness – 59.70%.According to the results of an expert evaluation of the pharmacy specialists, the most important priorities of state policy were established, that allows to increase the effectiveness of the medicines’ anti-counterfeiting, namely improving the system of state quality control and strengthening the responsibility for falsification of medicines.

GOVERNMENT RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT PEOPLE’S RIGHTS OVER THE CLEAN WATER

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nadzir
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The State ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
State Control ◽  
Government Responsibility ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

Water plays a very important role in supporting human life and other living beings as goods that meet public needs. Water is one of the declared goods controlled by the state as mentioned in the constitution of the republic of Indonesia. The state control over water indicated that water management can bring justice and prosperity for all Indonesian people. However, in fact, water currently becomes a product commercialized by individuals and corporations. It raised a question on how the government responsibility to protect the people's right to clean water. This study found that in normative context, the government had been responsible in protecting the people’s right over the clean water. However, in practical context, it found that the government had not fully protected people's right over clean water. The government still interpreted the state control over water in the form of creating policies, establishing a set of regulations, conducting management, and also supervision.

Archaeology and the State

Antiquity ◽  
1934 ◽  
Vol 8 (32) ◽  
pp. 414-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grahame Clark
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
State Control ◽  
Public Funds ◽  
Ancient Monuments

The interest of the State in the ancient monuments and civilizations of Britain is recent in origin and limited in extent. It is the purpose of this paper to trace in outline the growth of State interest, the limits of State control at the present time, and the main lacunae which appear to exist in the mechanism for the preservation of our national antiquities. Before embarking on this topic it might be well to point out the two chief reasons why, before 1882, the State undertook little or no responsibility within a sphere now generally recognized as the proper concern of any civilized state. In the first place the study of British Archaeology has only within the last fifty years reached a degree of accuracy and discipline worthy of the expenditure of public funds; it is of the utmost significance in this connexion that the first scientific British archaeologist, General Pitt-Rivers, was appointed as first Inspector of Ancient Monuments under the Act of 1882.

MONITORING OF GOODS TURNOVER AS A SPECIAL FORM OF STATE CONTROL

2021 ◽  
pp. 108-113
Author(s):  
E. G. Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Special Form ◽  
The State ◽  
State Control ◽  
Information Function ◽  
State Information ◽  
Control Functions ◽  
And Control

The article studies the features of monitoring of goods turnover, including marking of goods, as well as turnover in the state information system of monitoring over turnover of goods involved in the relations of the operator issuing the codes, marking, collecting information, its storage and provision. The marking functions are defined: the function of analysis of wholesale and retail turnover, information function, identifying and control functions

Theoretical foundations of constitutional consolidation of the principles of social state and law

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 113-121
Author(s):  
Roman P. Lutskyi ◽  
Roman V. Zvarych ◽  
Vitalii B. Skomorovskyi ◽  
Liliia Y. Korytko ◽  
Olga B. Oliynyk
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Orientation ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Social State ◽  
Economic Methods ◽  
Empirical Level

The authors of this article analysed doctrinal provisions, as well as Ukrainian constitutional legal practice. The social component of the system of functions of the modern state was studied. The present article analyses the activities of states where an intellectual, political, and practical breakthrough was made in solving the problem of state functions in the context of socio-economic reform. Attention is drawn to the specifics of the implementation of social activities of the Ukrainian state. The methodological framework of this study includes the main general scientific methods, namely socio-economic methods and techniques of the empirical level of cognition, the method of systematic analysis of numerous theoretical provisions on positive law, historical and statistical methods, the method of comparisons and analogies, generalisation methods, an analytical review of the available scientific publications on the subject under study. Furthermore, scientific methods in the field of legal science were also employed, such as normative-logical, comparative legal, historical legal. It was concluded that a social state is a state whose policy has a priority social orientation, which is expressed in the appropriate service of civil society by the state, the creation of necessary and sufficient conditions for the realisation of economic, social, and cultural human rights, the guarantee of its social protection and social security, based on the socio-economic capabilities of the state based on the principles of justice, proportionality, and a harmonious combination (balance) of public and human interests

On the issue of improving the legal framework in the framework of the system of children health in the Russian Federation (review)

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-44
Author(s):  
Oksana Borisovna Karpova ◽  
Anna Anatolyevna Zagoruichenko
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Maternal And Child Health ◽  
The State ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Mothers And Children ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
And Child Health

The state of maternal and child health plays a key role in promoting and protecting public health. The article analyzes and summarizes the results of the analysis of legislative support for maternal and child health. The analysis of individual indicators that determine the current state of medical organizations ‘activities is presented. The purpose of the study is to determine the current directions for improving the system of maternal and child health in Russia. Materials and methods. The following methods were used: information and analytical, content analysis, comparative analysis, and statistical analysis. Sources of primary information — scientific publications, Rosstat data, regulatory legal materials. Results and discussion. Proposals for the use of the current legislation of the Russian Federation in protecting the health of mothers and children are identified. There is a need to improve the use of the current regulatory and legislative framework to improve individual indicators of the state of health of mothers and children. The analysis showed that positive results were achieved in 2012–2019 in the Russian Federation in terms of improving maternal and child health. Conclusion. The implementation of regulatory legal provisions in this area should be based on a comprehensive coordination of all activities between various departments and structures, regional characteristics of the state of health of mothers and children and such areas as prevention of neglect, medical and social assistance to orphans and children left without parental care, maintaining a healthy lifestyle and providing the children’s population with sanatorium-resort medical organizations should be taken into account.

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