scholarly journals Organizational foundations for operational and search prevention of crimes committed in the sphere of illegal drug trafficking and psychotropic substances

Author(s):  
Aleksandr Sidorenko ◽  
Konstantin Maslennikov

High level of drug criminality has a negative impact on economic and social stability, harms the national security of the state. Only operational and investigative activities, which have a complex structure of interconnected organizational and tactical elements, ensure in the face of the opposition from the criminal environment timely detection, prevention, suppression and disclosure of latent and camouflaged crimes committed in the sphere of illegal drug trafficking and psychotropic substances. The issues of organizing the activities of officers of operational units for the prevention and suppression of these crimes are the least regulated in departmental regulations. With the adoption of Federal Law, No. 182-FZ dated 23.06.2016 «About the basis of the crime prevention system in the Russian Federation» it is required to specify the tasks of operational search prevention and suppression of crimes under consideration. Taking into account the special nature of operational search information about persons involved in the illicit trafficking of narcotic substances, methods for identifying this information, in order to solve specified tasks, it is necessary to form an appropriate management system for the activities of officers of the operational units. Structurally, the management system provides for a set of mandatory elements and functional relationships that ensure a sufficient level of a separate unit efficiency. Priority tasks for the prevention of crimes committed in the field of illegal trafficking of drugs and psychotropic substances are highlighted in the article on the basis of the theoretical and legal analysis of the modern organization of the operational units’ activities of territorial bodies.

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
Andriy Danylevskyi ◽  
◽  
Yuliya Danylevska ◽  

The public danger of illegal drug trafficking, drug addiction and related phenomena is obvious; therefore the world community is making significant efforts to counter these phenomena, because only through joint efforts it is possible to ensure an effective counteraction to drug trafficking. For this purpose, states adopt a significant number of international normative legal acts. The issues of countering the illegal drug trafficking, psychotropic substances, their analogues and precursors are considered both within the framework of general documents on combating crime, and in special acts. Taking into account the European integration course of Ukraine, the expansion of international cooperation in the sphere of combating the illegal drug trafficking drugs, psychotropic substances, their analogues and precursors, the following issues should be marked as ones of great importance: observance by Ukraine of its international legal obligations; integration into the world system of counteracting drug trafficking; bringing national legislation in line with the provisions of international regulatory legal acts. This article is devoted to the outlined questions. In particular, the provisions of the national legislation in the sphere of illegal drug trafficking, psychotropic substances, their analogues and precursors are analyzed, and the compliance of domestic norms with international regulatory legal acts in the sphere of combating illegal drug trafficking is concluded. The classification of international regulatory legal acts in the sphere of illegal drug trafficking in dependence to the authority that issued them is given. On the basis of the conducted analysis, the author suggests ways to further improvement of the domestic criminal legislation in the sphere of combating drug trafficking. In particular, it is proposed to criminalize the sowing and cultivation of any kind of narcotic drugs, as well as to partially revise the punishment for certain drug crimes.


Author(s):  
Stanislav V. Zlyvko ◽  
Valerii A. Bortniak ◽  
Kateryna V. Bortniak ◽  
Iryna P. Storozhuk ◽  
Roman Z. Holobutovskyy

The objective of the article was to analyze the legal regulation of the decentralization reform in Eastern Europe and its impact on the unemployment rate. Methodologically, statistical analysis, hypothetical-deductive method and correlation were used. It was found that the first stage of the reform of the New Civil Service in Poland, Ukraine, Romania, the Czech Republic, Slovenia, Latvia, and Bulgaria began in 1990, but can be called an informal preparatory stage. It is determined that the process of implementation of administrative reforms is influenced by a series of factors: historical, economic, geographical. It is concluded that there is no positive correlation between the effectiveness of public administration and the effectiveness of local self-government in all the countries studied. The reform of decentralization has been shown to have a negative impact on employment. In addition, it found that Poland is the most stable country among those studied, with a high level of efficiency of local self-government. La more negative correlation between the efficiency index of local self-government and employment, and the most positive correlation between local and unemployment rate.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (87) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Andrei Dziadkouski

The paper deals with the problem of countering the illicit drug trafficking, psychotropic substances, their precursors and analogues in the Eurasian Economic Union countries. The authors, basing on the statistical data analysis, demonstrated an increase in the number of drug addicts; it is shown that drug addiction is a global problem nowadays. The constant   increase of registered criminal acts related to drugs and their cross-border nature make it necessary to develop cooperation in combating the illicit distribution of drugs, harmonizing and unifying legal norms in this area, especially within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union. A comparative legal analysis of the criminal law governing liability for drug trafficking in the EAEU countries shows the diversity of legislative structures in the key elements of the crimes under consideration. The issues of personal non-medical use liability, the subject of crimes, the criminalization of individual acts related to drug trafficking, should be the subject of discussion on developing a unified approach of criminal law to counter the analyzed crimes in the EAEU countries.


Author(s):  
Николай Алексеевич Коломытцев ◽  
Любовь Николаевна Одинцова

Проблема преступности несовершеннолетних остается актуальной. В статье представлен сравнительно-правовой анализ состояния преступлений, совершаемых этой категорией лиц, а также результатов отечественных научных исследований. Отражены особенности несовершеннолетних правонарушителей, связанные с обусловленным их местом в системе общественных отношений, социальными ролями и функциями, биологической и психологической спецификой. Уделено внимание условиям жизни и воспитания подростков в семье, общеобразовательной школе, на предприятиях и организациях различных форм собственности. Раскрыты уровень, динамика, структура и тенденции развития преступности рассматриваемой категории лиц. Рассмотрен комплекс причинности преступности несовершеннолетних. Отмечено негативное влияние на подростковую преступность со стороны неформальных группировок несовершеннолетних, бесхозяйственности на производстве, где трудится ряд подростков, всемирной сети Интернет. Эти и другие факторы способствуют совершению несовершеннолетними типичных для них преступлений: кражи, грабежи, причинение вреда здоровью различной степени тяжести, изнасилования, вандализм, незаконный оборот наркотических средств и психотропных веществ. Подтверждено, что неформальное групповое общение и ближайшее бытовое окружение для них оказываются более значительными, чем семья и учебное заведение. Приведено достаточное количество точек зрения специалистов в рассматриваемой сфере. Высказывается собственная авторская позиция. Теоретические положения и проведенные собственные исследования подтверждены конкретными примерами из следственно-судебной практики. Сформулированы выводы и предложения по оптимизации деятельности институтов государства и гражданского общества в противодействии этому виду преступности. Вносятся обоснованные рекомендации сотрудникам правоохранительных органов, представителям региональных властей и общественности по совершенствованию профилактики преступлений со стороны несовершеннолетних. The problem of combating juvenile delinquency remains topical. The article contains a comparative legal analysis of the state of crimes committed by this category of persons, as well as the results of domestic scientific research. The features of juvenile offenders related to their place in the system of social relations, social roles and functions, and biological and psychological specifics are reflected. Attention is paid to the living conditions and upbringing of adolescents in the family, secondary school, enterprises and organizations of various forms of ownership. The level, dynamics, structure and tendencies of development of crime of the considered category of persons are revealed. The complex of causality of juvenile delinquency is considered. The negative impact on juvenile delinquency on the part of informal groups of minors, mismanagement in the workplace, where a number of adolescents work, and the world wide web the Internet has been noted. These and other factors contribute to the commission of juvenile crimes typical for them: theft, robbery, injury to varying degrees of severity, rape, vandalism, trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. Thus it is confirmed that informal group communication and the closest household environment for them are more significant than family and educational institution. A sufficient number of points of view of experts in this field are given. Expresses own author's position. Theoretical statements and conducted own research are confirmed by concrete examples from investigative judicial practice. The conclusions and proposals for optimizing the activities of state institutions and civil society in countering this type of crime are formulated. This article introduces reasonable recommendations to law enforcement officials, representatives of regional authorities and the public on improving the prevention of crimes by minors.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (Extra-E) ◽  
pp. 219-233
Author(s):  
Dina Alontseva ◽  
Olga Lavrishcheva

The article substantiates that the existing nationwide system of countering illegal drug trafficking (including psychotropic substances) in Russia needs to be re-evaluated and improved considering the changing situation. The methodological basis of the research was made up of general scientific, private and special methods of cognition. The general scientific dialectical method allowed us to consider the problem of legal relations arising in the field of legal regulation of countering crimes in the field of illicit trafficking in narcotic and psychotropic substances. On the basis of the conducted research, modern general social, individual and special criminological measures were developed to prevent crimes related to illegal (illegal) drug trafficking (including psychotropic substances), the use of which together will lay the foundation for the harmonization of existing domestic legislative acts in order to increase the level of coherence in the actions of state authorities in this area.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatolii V. Movchan ◽  
Mykola O. Yankovyi ◽  
Karen Yu. Ismailov ◽  
Elena O. Melnikova ◽  
Oleksandr M. Zaiets

The relevance of the study is due to the change of activity of organized criminal groups involved in the circulation of psychoactive substances towards the organization of the mentioned activity through the Internet. The purpose of this work is to investigate the current problems of combating drug trafficking by using the worldwide web through contactless sale of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. It is necessary to strengthen the analytical component of law enforcement activities in the detection and analysis of content on the Internet through the introduction of information technology in law enforcement activities, the dissemination of knowledge about OSINT. The materials of the article are of practical value for the higher education graduates of police specialties, police officers of the criminal block and specialists in the field of operational search activities.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica Gamón ◽  
Isabel Hurtado ◽  
José Salazar-Fraile ◽  
Gabriel Sanfélix-Gimeno

AbstractSchizophrenia is a chronic mental condition presenting a wide range of symptoms. Although it has a low prevalence compared to other mental conditions, it has a negative impact on social and occupational functions. This study aimed to assess the appropriateness of antipsychotic medications administered to schizophrenic patients and describe current treatment patterns for schizophrenia. A retrospective cohort study was conducted in all patients over the age of 15 with an active diagnosis of schizophrenia and treated with antipsychotics between 2008 and 2013 in the Valencia region. A total of 19,718 patients were eligible for inclusion. The main outcome assessed was inappropriateness of the pharmacotherapeutic management, including polypharmacy use. Altogether, 30.4% of patients received antipsychotic polypharmacy, and 6.8% were prescribed three or more antipsychotics. Overdosage affected 318 individuals (1.6%), and 21.5% used concomitant psychotropics without an associated psychiatric diagnosis. Women and people with a comorbid condition like anxiety or depression were less likely to receive antipsychotic polypharmacy. In contrast, increased polypharmacy was associated with concomitant treatment with other psychoactive drugs, and only in user on maintenance therapy, with more visits to the mental health hospital. Overall, we observed a high level of inappropriateness in antipsychotic prescriptions. Greater adherence to guidelines could maximize the benefits of antipsychotic medications while minimizing risk of adverse effects.


Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 518
Author(s):  
Bronwyn Egan ◽  
Zwannda Nethavhani ◽  
Barbara van Asch

Macrotermes termites play important ecological roles and are consumed by many communities as a delicacy and dietary complement throughout Africa. However, lack of reliable morphological characters has hampered studies of Macrotermes diversity in a wide range of scientific fields including ecology, phylogenetics and food science. In order to place our preliminary assessment of the diversity of Macrotermes in South Africa in context, we analysed a comprehensive dataset of COI sequences for African species including new and publicly available data. Phylogenetic reconstruction and estimates of genetic divergence showed a high level of incongruity between species names and genetic groups, as well as several instances of cryptic diversity. We identified three main clades and 17 genetic groups in the dataset. We propose that this structure be used as a background for future surveys of Macrotermes diversity in Africa, thus mitigating the negative impact of the present taxonomic uncertainties in the genus. The new specimens collected in Limpopo fell into four distinct genetic groups, suggesting that the region harbours remarkable Macrotermes diversity relative to other African regions surveyed in previous studies. This work shows that African Macrotermes have been understudied across the continent, and that the genus contains cryptic diversity undetectable by classic taxonomy. Furthermore, these results may inform future taxonomic revisions in Macrotermes, thus contributing to advances in termitology.


Author(s):  
Maritza Paredes ◽  
Hernán Manrique

Abstract The origin of illicit economies has been understood as a consequence of ‘low stateness’ (i.e. low reach of the state). Given the limited stateness in many regions, however, this article seeks to explain how only some sub-national territories have become vulnerable to illegal drug trafficking. To make this case, the representative example of the Alto Huallaga valley, in the Peruvian Amazon, is analysed. This article argues that ineffective development and settlement efforts by the Peruvian state in the Alto Huallaga, rather than the absence of the state, produced socio-ecological conditions in the region, in the late 1970s, that made it more vulnerable to the illegal economy. At the same time as international demand for illegal cocaine was expanding, two conditions resulting from frustrated state development plans came together: an enclave of poor peasants who were not self-sufficient and a natural environment impoverished by soil degradation and intensive deforestation, paradoxically not suitable for any crop except coca.


2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 110-118
Author(s):  
M. Shkurat ◽  
K. Pavlotska

Analysis of the migration process of the Ukrainian population, which takes place within the state and at the international level during 2014–2019 is carried out in this paper. On the basis of scientific works of domestic scientists and institutes the problems which have not been investigated, and also aspects which have been solved partially are defined. The negative consequences of the Ukrainian migration process on the state of the country are identified. The classification of migration flows of the Ukrainian population according to the reasons of movement is carried out. The main regions and countries which, as of the beginning of 2021, are more attractive to compatriots and are characterized by significant influxes of Ukrainians are identified. The main centers of departure – regions and countries – which are characterized by high level of outflow of Ukrainians are determined, the main problems and reasons that motivate the outflow of Ukrainians are highlighted in this paper. The level of growth of the Ukrainian population in terms of migration flows is defined. The investigation of Ukrainian diasporas, territorial location and analysis of their share in comparison is carried out. The main factors that force the Ukrainian population to move, which affects the demographic situation in Ukraine, the level of employment, as well as the amount of cash flows to the country and the state of the economy as a whole are identified. The main regulations and identified solutions to the migration flows of the domestic population, which were approved and implemented in the period from 2001 to 2019 are compared in this paper. On the basis of current and newly introduced strategies, critical analysis of the ways of regulating the migration process of the Ukrainian population is carried out, the main aspects and problems of the implemented migration policy of Ukraine are determined. The results of the work are to identify the main ways to reduce the negative impact of the migration process on the country's economy and related processes, and strategies to benefit from the movement of citizens of Ukraine, namely: introduction of intellectual security, revision of wages by region, stimulating the process of attracting technology in all spheres of activity and formation of the social protection system.


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