scholarly journals Comparison between Bromine, Calcium, Chlorine, Iodine, Potassium, Magnesium, Manganese, and Sodium Contents in Normal Thyroid and Riedel’s Struma

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Vladimir Zaichick ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Potassium Magnesium

Role of chemical elements (ChE) in etiology and pathogenesis of Riedel’s disease (RD) is unclear. The aim of this exploratory study was to assess whether there were significant changes in thyroid tissue levels of eight ChE (Br, Ca Cl, I, K, Mg, Mn, and Na) are present in the fibrotic transformed thyroid. Eight ChE of thyroid tissue were determined in 6 patients with RD. The control group included thyroid tissue samples from 105 healthy individuals. Measurements were conducted using non-destructive instrumental neutron activation analysis with high-resolution spectrometry of short-lived radionuclides. Reduced mean values of Ca and I content in 6.3 and 6.7 times, respectively, while elevated level of Br in 5.1 times were found in thyroid with RD in comparison with normal level. Because considerable changes in some ChE contents in tissue of thyroid with RD were found, it is reasonable to assume that the levels of these ChE in affected thyroid tissue can be used as RD markers. However, this topic needs additional studies.

scholarly journals COMPARISON BETWEEN BROMINE, CALCIUM, CHLORINE, IODINE, POTASSIUM, MAGNESIUM, MANGANESE, AND SODIUM CONTENTS IN MACRO- AND MICRO-FOLLICULAR COLLOID GOITER

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR ZAICHICK
Keyword(s):  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Nodular Goiter ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Normal Thyroid ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Potassium Magnesium

Objective: Colloid nodular goiter (CNG) is the most common disease of the thyroid, even in non-endemic regions, but the etiology of CNG is unclear. It is known that not merely iodine (I) but other chemical elements (ChE) are involved in goitrogenesis. The current study was performed to clarify the preferential accumulation of some ChE either in the colloid or in cells of the thyroid gland. Methods: Eight ChE: Bromine, calcium, chlorine (Cl), I, potassium, magnesium, manganese, and sodium (Na) in the thyroid tissues with diagnosed CNG were prospectively evaluated in 16 patients with macrofollicular CNG and 13 patients with microfollicular CNG. The control group included thyroid tissue samples from 105 healthy individuals. Measurements were conducted using non-destructive instrumental neutron activation analysis with high-resolution spectrometry of short-lived radionuclides. Results: It was found that in macrofollicular CNG, the mass fraction of Cl and Na was 2.57 and 1.82 times, respectively, higher than in tissues of the normal thyroid. In microfollicular CNG, the mass fraction of I was 59% lower, whereas the mass fraction of Na was 67% higher than in tissues of the normal thyroid. The level of I in macrofollicular goiter was 2.08 times higher than in microfollicular goiter Conclusion: There are substantial changes in ChE contents in the goitrous transformed tissue of the thyroid, which depend on the histology of the goiter.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Ten Trace Elements in Riedel’s Struma Using Neutron Activation Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V Zaichick
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Neutron Activation Analysis ◽  
Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis ◽  
Activation Analysis ◽  
Neutron Activation ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Non Destructive

Aims: Role of trace elements (TE) in etiology and pathogenesis of Riedel’s disease (RD) is unclear. The aim of this exploratory study was to assess whether there were significant changes in thyroid tissue levels of ten TE (Ag, Co, Cr, Fe, Hg, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, and Zn) are present in the fibrotic transformed thyroid. Methods: Ten TE of thyroid tissue were determined in 6 patients with RD and 105 healthy populations. The measurements were performed using non-destructive instrumental neutron activation analysis with high resolution spectrometry of long-lived radionuclides. Results: Elevated mean values of Rb content were found in thyroid with RD in comparison with normal level. Conclusions: There are considerable changes in Rb content in tissue of thyroid with RD. Thus, it is reasonable to assume that the level of Rb in thyroid tissue can be used as RD markers. However, this topic needs additional studies.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Trace Elements in Thyroid Adenomas Using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescent Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Vladimir Zaichick ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fluorescent Analysis ◽  
Thyroid Adenomas

Thyroid adenomas (TA) are benign tumors, but there is a 20% possibility of malignant transformation. The distinguishing between the TA and thyroid cancer (TC) is tricky, therefore new TA biomarkers are needed. Furthermore, the role of trace elements (TE) in etiology and pathogenesis of TA is unclear. The aim of this exploratory study was to examine the content of bromine (Br), cooper (Cu), iron (Fe), rubidium (Rb), strontium (Sr), and zinc (Zn) in the normal and in adenomatous thyroid. Thyroid tissue levels of six TE were prospectively evaluated in 19 patients with TA and 105 healthy inhabitants. Measurements were performed using 109Cd radionuclide-induced energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescent analysis Tissue samples were divided into two portions. One was used for morphological study while the other was intended for TE analysis. It was found that contents of Br and Cu were significantly higher (25.8 and 4.16 times, respectively) and content of Sr were significantly lower (39%) in adenomatous thyroid in comparison with normal level. There are considerable changes in TE contents in the adenomatous thyroid.

scholarly journals Determination of twenty chemical element contents in normal and goitrous thyroid using X-ray fluorescent and neutron activation analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-146
Author(s):  
Vladimir Zaichick
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Activation Analysis ◽  
Activation Analysis ◽  
Neutron Activation ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Nodular Goiter ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Non Destructive

Nodular goiter (NG) is an internationally important health problem. The aim of this exploratory study was to examine the content of silver (Ag), bromine (Br), calcium (Ca), chlorine (Cl), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), cooper (Cu), iron (Fe), mercury (Hg), iodine (I), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), sodium (Na), rubidium (Rb), ammonium (Sb), scandium (Sc), selenium (Se), strontium (Sr), and zinc (Zn) in the normal thyroid and in the thyroid tissues with diagnosed colloid NG.. Thyroid tissue levels of twenty chemical elements (ChE) were prospectively evaluated in 46 patients with NG and 105 healthy inhabitants. Measurements were performed using non-destructive energy-dispersive X-Ray fluorescent analysis combined with instrumental neutron activation analysis with high resolution spectrometry of short– and long-lived radionuclides. Tissue samples were divided into two portions. One was used for morphological study while the other was intended for ChE analysis. It was found that during a goitrous transformation the levels of Ag, Br, Cl, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Na, and Sc in thyroid tissue significantly increased, whereas the levels of I and Sr decrease. It was supposed that the changes in levels Ag, Br, Cl, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, I, Mg, Na, Sc, and Sr in thyroid tissue can be used as NG markers.

Carvacrol attenuates amikacin-induced nephrotoxicity in the rat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atta Mohammad Dost ◽  
Mehmet Gunata ◽  
Onural Ozhan ◽  
Azibe Yildiz ◽  
Nigar Vardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Per Oral

Abstract Amikacin (AK) is frequently used in the treatment of gram-negative and some gram-positive infections. However, its use is limited due to nephrotoxicity due to the increase in reactive oxygen radicals. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of carvacrol (CAR) against AK-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Thirty-two Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups as control (Vehicle), AK (400 mg/kg), CAR + AK (80 mg/kg CAR + 400 mg/kg AK), and AK + CAR (400 mg/kg AK + 80 mg/kg CAR) groups. AK and CAR were administered via intramuscular and per-oral for 7 days, respectively. Blood and kidney tissue samples were taken at the end of the experiment. Renal function and histopathological changes were compared, and the relevant parameters of oxidative stress and inflammation were detected. Histopathological findings (necrotic changes and dilatation and inflammatory cell infiltration) significantly increased in the AK group compared to the control group. Also, the rats in the AK group lost weight significantly. It was found that CAR treatment before and after AK significantly improved nephrotoxicity histopathologically (p < 0.05). However, this improvement was not detected biochemically. These results show that CAR treatment before and after AK improves nephrotoxicity in the histopathological level.

scholarly journals HHV-6 Infection and Chemokine RANTES Signaling Pathway Disturbance in Patients with Autoimmune Thyroiditis

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Sultanova ◽  
Maksims Cistjakovs ◽  
Liba Sokolovska ◽  
Katerina Todorova ◽  
Egils Cunskis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Visual Confirmation

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) in autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) development. We examined the possible involvement of HHV-6 gene expression encoding immunomodulating proteins U12 and U51 in AIT development and their role in the modulation of chemokine signaling. One hundred patients with autoimmune thyroiditis following thyroidectomy were enrolled in this study. Nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) was used to detect the HHV-6 sequence in DNA samples. Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) with three different HHV-6 gene targets (U79/80, U51 and U12) was to detect active infection markers. HHV-6 load was identified using a commercial real-time PCR kit. Immunohistochemistry was performed to investigate the expression of the HHV-6 antigen and RANTES (Regulated upon Activation, Normal T Cell Expressed and Secreted) in thyroid gland tissue. Different commercial immunosorbent assay kits were used for the detection of RANTES, IFNγ, IL-6, and TNFα levels in the AIT patient group and controls. We detected 98% presence of the HHV-6 genomic sequence in AIT patients’ thyroid gland tissues. Markers of active HHV-6 infection (HHV-6 U79/80, U12 and/or U51 mRNA) were predominant in AIT patients’ thyroid tissue samples in comparison with the control group (56% vs. 6%). Evidence from immunofluorescence microscopy showed that HHV-6 can persist in thyrocytes and can interact with RANTES. Visual confirmation of the intense immunofluorescence signal of RANTES detected in thyroid tissues could indicate high expression of this chemokine in the thyroid gland. On the other hand, immunosorbent assays showed very low RANTES levels in AIT patients’ peripheral plasma. These results indicate that RANTES level in AIT patients could be influenced by HHV-6 activation, which in turn may aid AIT development.

scholarly journals Study of the Relationship between Microbiome and Colorectal Cancer Susceptibility Using 16SrRNA Sequencing

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanxin Liu ◽  
Ren Zhang ◽  
Rong Shu ◽  
Jinjing Yu ◽  
Huan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cancer Susceptibility ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Healthy Individuals

A lot of previous studies have recently reported that the gut microbiota influences the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) in Western countries, but the role of the gut microbiota in Chinese population must be investigated fully. The goal of this study was to determine the role of the gut microbiome in the initiation and development of CRC. We collected fecal samples of 206 Chinese individuals: 59 with polyp (group P), 54 with adenoma (group A), 51 with colorectal cancer (group CC), and 42 healthy controls (group HC).16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) was used to compare the microbiota community structures among healthy controls, patients with polyp, and those with adenoma or colorectal cancer. Our study proved that intestinal flora, as a specific indicator, showed significant differences in its diversity and composition. Sobs, Chao, and Ace indexes of group CC were significantly lower than those of the healthy control group (CC group: Sobs, Chao, and Ace indexes were 217.3 ± 69, 4265.1 ± 80.7, and 268.6 ± 78.1, respectively; HC group: Sobs, Chao, and Ace indexes were 228.8 ± 44.4, 272.9 ± 58.6, and 271.9 ± 57.2, respectively). When compared with the healthy individuals, the species richness and diversity of intestinal flora in patients with colorectal cancer were significantly reduced: PCA and PCoA both revealed that a significant separation in bacterial community composition between the CC group and HC group (with PCA using the first two principal component scores of PC1 14.73% and PC2 10.34% of the explained variance, respectively; PCoA : PC1 = 14%, PC2 = 9%, PC3 = 6%). Wilcox tests was used to analyze differences between the two groups, it reveals that Firmicutes (P=0.000356), Fusobacteria (P=0.000001), Proteobacteria (P=0.000796), Spirochaetes (P=0.013421), Synergistetes (P=0.005642) were phyla with significantly different distributions between cases and controls. The proportion of microorganism composition is varying at different stages of colon cancer development: Bacteroidetes (52.14%) and Firmicutes (35.88%) were enriched in the healthy individuals; on the phylum level, the abundance of Bacteroidetes (52.14%-53.92%-52.46%–47.06%) and Firmicutes (35.88%-29.73%-24.27%–25.36%) is decreasing with the development of health-polyp-adenomas-CRC, and the abundance of Proteobacteria (9.33%-12.31%-16.51%–22.37%) is increasing. PCA and PCOA analysis showed there was no significant (P<0.05) difference in species similarity between precancerous and carcinogenic states. However, the composition of the microflora in patients with precancerous lesions (including patients with adenoma and polyp) was proved to have no significant disparity (P<0.05). Our study provides insights into new angles to dig out potential biomarkers in diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer and to provide scientific advice for a healthy lifestyle for the sake of gut microbiota.

P1823THE ROLE OF FGF-23 IN CKD PROGRESSION IN CHILDREN

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Altynay Balmukhanova ◽  
Kairat Kabulbayev ◽  
Assiya Kanatbayeva ◽  
Harika Alpay ◽  
Aigul Balmukhanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Ckd Progression ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fgf 23

Abstract Background and Aims Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is considered a global medical and public health issue. CKD takes a special place among non-infectious diseases because of its prevalence (6-20% according to different surveys and studies) and is associated with a poor life quality, complications and high risk of mortality. In recent years, there have been new biomarkers requiring more research in this area. One of these biomarkers is Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) which is found as a bone derived hormone and might be a predictor of progression. However, the role of FGF-23 in CKD progression in children has not been adequately studied, especially on the early stages. Nowadays, the study of FGF-23 in children and the question of the clinical importance of this marker are relevant. Therefore, the aim of our study was to establish the role of FGF-23 in CKD progression in children. Method A prospective study was conducted on 73 children with different stages of CKD and 14 healthy individuals (control group) matched by age and gender. There were approximately equal numbers of patients in study groups. An average age was 9.61±1.05 years. Exclusion criteria: active inflammatory, bone, infectious, oncological, immunological diseases, taking steroids and vitamin D supplements. Laboratory measurements included all common clinical and biochemical indicators. Serum concentration of intact FGF-23 was assessed by using the ELISA method (Biomedica Medizinprodukte GmbH, Austria). Statistical analysis was conducted in MS Excel 2016 and SPSS 18.0. Results The normal range of FGF-23 for this kit was 0.1-1.5 pmol/l. The average value of FGF-23 in the control group was 0.69±0.12 pmol/l. Further studies in the groups with different stages of CKD revealed that FGF-23 concentration gradually rose in parallel with stages of CKD, and it reached the maximum on the last stage. It should be noticed that the level of FGF-23 concentration on the first stage of CKD was normal (0.73±0.14 pmol/l) and the comparison with healthy individuals revealed no significant differences. What is remarkable, despite the fact that the average value of the second stage patients was normal (1.36±0.2 pmol/l), there was a statistically significant difference with the control group (p=0.008). The levels of FGF-23 on the next stages were 2.52±0.52 pmol/l, 5.42±1.61 pmol/l, and 12.16±1.55 pmol/l, respectively. The differences were considerable and proved by statistical analysis (p&lt;0.01). Conclusion Our study showed that there is an upward trend of FGF-23 as CKD progresses from early to advanced stages. The results on the second and third stages indicate that FGF-23 should be considered as one of early biomarkers of CKD progression in children. Thus, there is a need for more studies in this area.

Prevalence of allelic and genotypic variants of the rs1143627 polymorphism in the IL1β gene among patients with typhoid

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-130
Author(s):  
D.B. Mirzajonova ◽  
◽  
H.Ya. Karimov ◽  
G.K. Abdukhalilova ◽  
K.T. Boboev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Minor Allele ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Allele Detection ◽  
Generic Structure

Objective. To evaluatethe role of allelic and genotypic variants of gene IL1β polymorphism rs1143627 in susceptibility to typhoid fever (TF). Materials and methods. 41 patients with TF and 84 chronic carriers of S. typhi were endrolled in the study. Control group included 91 healthy individuals, All of the individuals under study were Uzbeks. DNA samples were isolated from peripheric blood with the kit Ribo-sorb (AmpliSens®, Russia). Genotyping of polymorphism rs1143627 of gene IL1β was carried out by the standard PCR using kits “SNP-Express” (LLC NPF “LITECH”, Russia) according to the instruction of manufacturer. Results. The domination of allele 31T was found in the main group (patients and carriers). Its frequency was significantly lower in comparison with the control group (51.2% and 67.0%, respectively; χ2 = 10.8; p = 0.001). Minor allele -31С cytokine IL1β, on the contrary was detected more frequently in patients with TF (48.8%), than in the control group (33.0%) in χ2 = 10.8 and p = 0.001. Calculated relative chance of this allele detection in the main group in comparison with control group was OR = 1.9 in 95% CI 1.304-2.88. Conclusion. Genotypic variant C/C of polymorphism rs1143627 of the gene IL1β made a certain contribution into forming of generic structure of susceptibility to S. typhi. Risk of susceptibility of macro organism to pathogen in the presence of this genotype is higher more than 2.5 times (χ2 = 4.3; p = 0.04; CI 95% 1.037–7.359). Key words: Typhoid fever, bacteria carrier, bacteria S. typhi, polymorphism rs1143627 of the gene IL1β

scholarly journals Role of Vitamin D in Near Sightedness

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasir Iqbal Malik ◽  
Aqsa Malik ◽  
Rabbia Shabbir ◽  
Atteaya Zaman ◽  
Sohail Zia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Group I ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Azad Kashmir ◽  
And Control

Purpose: To determine the levels of Vitamin D in children with myopia and to compare them with age matched controls. Study Design:  Case control study. Place and Duration of Study:  The study was conducted in Naseer Memorial Hospital, Dadhyal Azad Kashmir from March 2016 to March 2017. Material and Methods:  Two hundred patients were selected using convenient sampling technique and were divided two groups (group I Myopic and group II control). Myopia was labeled if after subjective refraction a Spherical Equivalent (SE) of −0.50 diopters (D) or more was found. Vitamin D levels were measured by radioimmunoassay technique with Diasorin SR® kit following the user’s manual. Vitamin D levels less than 20 ng/ml were considered Vitamin D deficient following the standards of American academy of pediatrics. The collected data was entered in the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21 for analysis. Independent t–test was used to determine the significant difference of means between controls and patients. P-values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results:  Mean age of controls and myopes were 10.65 ± 3.9 and 10.20 ± 2.5 years respectively. Vitamin D levels in myopic children were found to be 14.95 ± 3.75 ng/ml and there was no significant difference in mean values of Vitamin D levels in myopic and control group. Conclusion:  We found no difference in Vitamin D levels of myopic and non myopic children and concluded that Vitamin D has no role in development or progression of myopia.

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