Effects of Hydrogen Peroxide and Benzene Treatments on Morphological Traits of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ablaku AB ◽  
◽  
Ablaku BE ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Chemical Mutagens ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Effective Mutagen

A study was carried out on the effects of hydrogen peroxide and benzene treatments on morphological traits of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) in Keffi. NCRIBEN-02M variety of sesame was exposed to varying concentration (100, 75, 50, 25 and 0%), of benzene, hydrogen peroxide, and the mixture of the two chemical mutagens. The M2 generation of the genotypes were assessed for plant height, number of leaves, leaves area. Benzene treatment, at all levels, have the highest plant height. The increase in number of leaves and leaf area are significant at p≤0.05 and 95% confidence. The optimum concentrations of the mutagens used for mutation in sesame, were effective at 100 and 75% of all the treatments. The most effective mutagen for inducing mutation in sesame under Keffi environment is benzene, followed by Hydrogen Peroxide. Benzene and hydrogen peroxide have proven themselves as chemical mutagens, in mutation breeding. They have unlocked several agronomic traits in sesame. Further, study on these mutagens will enhance the genetic variability in the growing of sesame for higher performance

scholarly journals Genetic divergence of Nigerian and Indian pearl millet accessions based on agronomical and morphological traits

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-131
Author(s):  
David Animasaun ◽  
Joseph Morakinyo ◽  
Rama Krishnamurthy ◽  
Oba Mustapha
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The study assessed the genetic diversity of pearl millet accessions grown in Nigeria and India based on morpho-agronomic traits in order to identify genotypes with superior characters which could be utilized in breeding programmes. Twenty-four pearl millet accessions were grown and evaluated for agronomic and morphological traits during the dry and wet seasons of 2015-2016. Data collected on the accessions using standard descriptors were analysed statistically. IP22281 had the highest mean plant height (108.90 cm) while NGB00531 recorded the lowest (61.02 cm). Significant intra-specific variation existed in number of leaves per plant, leaf length, leaf width, number of nodes and internode length, however, stem girth was similar for the accessions. Tillering was generally poor with the highest value (1.60 tillers per plant) found in NGB00531. A significant positive correlation occurred between plant height, number of leaves, leaf length and leaf width. Panicles emerged between 44 and 56 days and NGB00548 had the shortest maturity time. Also, panicle length and peduncle diameter varied significantly for the accessions. The highest grain yield and 1000-grain weight were recorded in NGB00616 and the lowest yield and weight were recorded in IP22269. The principal component analysis grouped the accessions into four clusters, comprising mixtures of Nigerian and Indian members. Similarly, the dendrogram grouped the accessions into two main groups which were sub-divided into smaller clusters with accessions from Nigeria and India in the same cluster. The study concludes that variations in morpho-agronomic and yield characters among the accessions studied could be harnessed for crop improvement. The clustering pattern of these accessions indicated their genetic relatedness, possibly from the same progenitor, but separation by geographical or ecological isolation mechanisms.

scholarly journals Effects of Mutagens on Morphological traits of Psoralea corylifolia-A Medicinally Important Plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajey Karan Chaudhari ◽  
Anand Prakash Singh ◽  
B R Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Mutagenic Potential ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Flowering Initiation ◽  
Yield Quality

Mutation breeding like in other plants can significantly strengthen medicinal plants breeding programs and help to produce novel varieties with higher yield potential and improved yield quality. The dry and healthy seeds of P. corylifolia IC 111228 were subjected to mutagenic treatments namely ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) and sodium azide (SA). The treatment concentrations 15mM, 30mM, 45mM and 60mM of EMS and 1mM, 2mM, 3mM and 4mM of SA were chosen to evaluate the mutagenic potential in either case. The morphological traits were evaluated in M1 generation viz. plant height, days to flowering initiation, seed yield/plant and 100-seed weight. In EMS treatment 15 mM increased the plant height and seed yield, while in SA treatment 4 mM increased the seed yield/plant and 100-seed yield.

scholarly journals VARIABILITAS GENETIK DAN HERITABILITAS KARAKTER MORFOLOGIS BEBERAPA GENOTIPE KENTANG

EUGENIA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ventje Pangemanan ◽  
D. S. Runtunuwu ◽  
J. Pongoh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Wide Sense ◽  
Number Of Leaves

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the genetic variability and heritability of morphological characters of some genotypes of potato at the Seed Station in Linelean Village, Modoinding of South Minahasa Regency. The results showed that, the relatively narrow range of genotypes variance for all the characters observed. The coefficient of variance genotypes for plant height, at 14, 42 and 56 DAP (Days After Planting) was relatively narrow, whereas at 7, 21, 28, 35 and 42 DAP relatively wide. For the character of the number of leaves at 7 and 14 DAP are wide and at 21, 28, 35, 42 and 49 DAP relatively narrow. For the character of leaf area at 7 and 14 DAP were wide and at 21, 28, 35, 42 and 49 DAP relatively narrow. For the character of the number of harvest tubers per plant and weight per tuber harvest were wide. Wide sense heritability were high for all the characters observed, except for plant height at 7 and 56 DAP were classified as moderate. Keywords: genotype variance, coefficient variance of genotype and heritability ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui variabilitas genetik dan heritabilitas karakter   morfologis beberapa genotipe kentang di Balai Benih Desa Linelean Modoinding Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ragam genotipe tergolong sempit untuk semua karakter yang diamati. Koefisien ragam genotipe untuk karakter tinggi tanaman, pada 14, 42 dan 56 HST (Hari Setelah Tanam)  tergolong sempit, sedangkan pada 7, 21, 28, 35 dan 42 HST tergolong luas. Untuk karakter jumlah daun pada 7 dan 14 HST tergolong luas dan pada 21, 28, 35, 42 dan 49 HST tergolong sempit. Untuk karakter luas daun pada 7 dan 14 HST tergolong luas dan pada 21, 28, 35, 42 dan 49 HST tergolong sempit. Untuk karakter jumlah umbi panen per tanaman dan berat per umbi panen tergolong luas. Heritabilitas arti luas semua karakter tergolong tinggi, kecuali untuk karakter tinggi tanaman pada 7 dan 56 HST yang tergolong sedang. Eugenia Volume 19  No. 2  Agustus 2013 Kata kunci: ragam genotipe, koefisien ragam genotipe dan heritabilitas

scholarly journals Development and evaluation of diverse promising rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) mutants using physical and chemical mutagens

OCL ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souhail Channaoui ◽  
Mostapha Labhilili ◽  
Mohamed Mouhib ◽  
Hamid Mazouz ◽  
Mohamed El Fechtali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Chemical Mutagens ◽  
Plant Breeding Program ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Genetic variability is a prerequisite for any plant breeding program, and mutagenesis is a proven way of creating new variation within a crop germplasm. Novel genetic variability in rapeseed was induced by gamma rays, Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS) and combined mutagen treatment, using various doses and concentrations. The objective was to evaluate and compare the obtained M2 mutants for important quantitative traits in two contrasted environments. Data on phenological, morphological and agronomic parameters were recorded. A large variability was observed and mutagenic treatments had a significant effect on all traits studied. Compared to control plants, mutant genotypes derived from seeds treated with low EMS concentrations during moderate time were earlier and characterized by a higher number of pods per plant. For high concentration of EMS during long time and for combinations of physical and chemical mutagens, a significant decrease in plant height and stature was noticed, as compared to control. Besides, plants derived from gamma rays-treated seeds exhibited the highest 1000-seed weight. The novel induced variability may be integrated in rapeseed breeding program as a new germplasm with improved agronomic traits. Particularly, EMS1-7-stable mutant may be exploited to develop efficiently and quickly a new rapeseed cultivar with some desirable traits. The present study highlights once more the possibility to bring novel genetic diversity for rapeseed desirable traits improvement through mutation breeding.

scholarly journals Monitoring of the evaluation of winter garlic morphometry using chemical mutagens

2019 ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. I. Nemtinov ◽  
A. V. Shirokova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfate ◽  
First Year ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Chemical Mutagens ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Diethyl Phosphate

The results of treatment of winter garlic that is grown in the Crimea with chemical mutagens are presented. The air bulbs (garlic bulbs) of the local population were treated with chemical mutagens of the first group (they are capable to transfer alkyd compounds to other molecules), namely, diethyl phosphate 0.025%, 0.05 and 0.1%, as well as dimethyl sulfate 0.025%, 0.04 and 0.08%. In the first year of harvest, cloves of garlic were divided into large Ø 2.5-3 cm, medium - from 1.5 to 2.5 cm and small ones - less than 1.5 cm. Then (in 2017-2018), plant morphometry was monitored. A change in morphological features was revealed: an increase in plant height by 9- 19% and the number of leaves up to 25% (with an increase in their length and a decrease in width). Depending on the group of plants, a decrease in the height of the false stem to 21% was noted with a significant increase in its diameter. An increase in the diameter of the bulbs by 14 -19%, depending on the concentration of the mutagen and the group of plants, was revealed. Treatment of air bulbs of winter garlic with chemical mutagens (diethyl phosphate and dimethyl sulfate) made it possible to select the healthy garlic cloves with a weight up to 24-32 g with an increased reproduction rate (6) in a group of plants marked as “large ”.

scholarly journals The influence of flurprimidol on the morfological traits, flowering and decorative value of Pelargonium hortorum 'Omega'

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 431-438
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Zawadzińska ◽  
Agnieszka Dobrowolska ◽  
Dorota Janicka
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The effects of flurprimidol at the concentration of 7.5 i 15 mg×dm<sup>-3</sup> on the growth and flowering of <i>Pelargonium hortorum</i> 'Omega' were examined in the years 2003 and 2004. Pelargonium plants were sprayed either once or twice; 2 weeks after planting rooted seedlings - first, and next - 2 weeks later. At the beginning, the plants were grown in a greenhouse, and then in a foil tunnel. Flurprimidol at the concentration of 15 mg×dm<sup>-3</sup> increased the number of leaves and intensified their colour, but reduced the plant height and diameter, shortened peduncles lowering their decorative value. 7.5 mg×dm<sup>-3</sup> of the retardant had weaker effects on <i>Pelargonium</i> morphological traits, but resulted in more abundant flowering, compact and proportional conformation and high decorative value.

Studies on the Effect of EMS and Colchicine in M1 Generation of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Var. TMV3

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 209-214
Author(s):  
K. Anbarasan ◽  
R. Rajendran ◽  
D. Sivalingam ◽  
Al.C. Chidambaram
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Number Of Branches

Seeds of sesame (Sesamum indicum L), genotypeTMV3 were treated with various concentrations of EMS and Colchicine like 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8 and 2.0 % and the LD50 values observed at 1.0 % of EMS and 0.6 % of Colchicine. Based on their LD50 values appreciable concentrations only selected for further study and their effects on various morphological characters such as plant height per plant, number of branches per plant, number of leaves per plant, days to first flowering, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule and seed yield per plant (g) were measured quantitatively and the results showed that all the characters were consequently or significantly reduced when compared to control and also EMS showed more effective than colchicine.

Nature and magnitude of genetic variability and diversity analysis of Indian turmeric accessions using agro-morphological descriptors

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Bahadur ◽  
Vijay Yeshudas ◽  
Om Prakash Meena
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Positive Direct

Turmeric, a vegetatively propagated crop, may have restricted variability from which to breed new cultivars. Understanding the genetic variability of a species is crucial for the progress of a genetic breeding program and requires characterization and evaluation of accessions. The objectives of this study were to determine extent of variability, relationships between different agro-morphological traits, and diversity among 25 different accessions of turmeric. The present experiment was conducted at the Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, India during 2008–2009 and 2009–2010. Accessions were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Significant mean square of accessions for all the traits studied indicates the existence of sufficient genetic variability among the studied accessions. The rhizome yield exhibited highly significant and positive association with plant height, number of leaves plant−1, number of tillers plant−1, weight of rhizomes plant−1, length of primary rhizome, and dry matter recovery. The highest positive direct effect on rhizome yield was exerted by plant height. Multivariate analysis techniques allowed an effective study of genetic divergence and the grouping of the 25 accessions into six clusters. The highest inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster II and IV, accessions from these clusters can be used as potential parents for future breeding programs.

scholarly journals Evaluation of plant characteristics related to grain yield of FAO410 and FAO340 hybrids using regression models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mohammad Nasir Mousavi ◽  
János Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Plant Characteristics ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract In breeding programs, estimation of increase in yield based on changes in effective plant traits is of great importance, which can be identified using regression modeling. The regression model refers to the prediction of the value of a dependent variable from the values of one or more independent variables. This study evaluated morphological traits of maize (FAO410) on six treatments of fertilizer in 2 years in Debrecen University by the regression model. This experiment was RCBD with four replications in the Látókép zone. Treatments were included in different levels of fertilizer: nitrogen, phosphor, and potassium. The regression model was significant at one percent that showed morphological traits have a straight effect on the yield of maize in FAO410 and FAO340. Grain yield had a positive correlation with plant height, outer ear diameter, the weight of ear, weight of cob, number of leaves, weight of all seeds in each ear, the weight of one thousand seeds on FAO410, and grain yield had a positive correlation with plant height, stem diameter, outer ear diameter, the weight of ear, weight of cob, number of seeds in each column, weight of all seeds in each ear, weight of the fresh plant in a hectare, the weight of one thousand seeds on FAO340 too. Cluster analysis showed the traits classification on two groups on hybrids. Reach maximum grain yield require the evaluation of yield components and their effect.

scholarly journals Sample size to estimate the mean of morphological traits of rye cultivars in sowing dates and evaluation times

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 521
Author(s):  
Cirineu Tolfo Bandeira ◽  
Alberto Cargnelutti Filho ◽  
Diego Nicolau Follmann ◽  
Cláudia Marques de Bem ◽  
Cleiton Antonio Wartha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Initial Evaluation ◽  
Estimation Errors ◽  
Mean Estimation ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Size Variability ◽  
The Mean

The objectives of this study were to determine the sample size (number of plants) required to estimate the mean of morphological traits of rye (Secale cereale L.) and verify the sample size variability between the traits, cultivars, sowing dates, and evaluation times for distincts mean estimation errors. Ten uniformity trials were performed with two rye cultivars (BRS Progresso and Temprano) in five sowing dates (05/03/2016, 05/25/2016, 06/07/2016, 06/22/2016 and 07/04/2016). Evaluations of traits plant height, number of leaves, and number of stems were performed during the development of the crop. In order to verify the difference of the traits between cultivars and between sowing dates and evaluation times, the F-test was applied to test the hypothesis of homogeneity of variances and the Student’s t-test was used to test the hypothesis of equality of means. The sample size of each trait was calculated for distincts mean estimation errors. There is sample size variability between the traits, cultivars, sowing dates, and evaluation times. In order to estimate the mean of plant height with the same precision, smaller sample sizes are required at the intermediate and final evaluation times compared to initial evaluation times. For the traits number of leaves and stems, smaller sample sizes are required in the initial evaluation times than in the final evaluation times. For mean estimation of traits with maximum estimation error of 15% between sowing dates and evaluation times, 83 and 103 plants are required respectively for cultivars BRS Progresso and Temprano.

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