scholarly journals Ecological and geographical grouping of pear varieties and identification of new sources for breeding in the conditions of the North Caucasus

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
I. A. Bandurko ◽  
Z. Sh. Daguzhieva
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
The North ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
World Collection ◽  
The World

The article presents the results of a long-term study of the world collection of pears, which is one of the largest in the RIPB system. It is kept at the Maykop Experimental Station of the Federal Research Center of the All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources named after N.I. Vavilov» branch and has 875 varieties, 248 species, forms and varieties, and is constantly updated with new samples. The collection includes wild species, as well as Russian and foreign varieties from Europe, America, Asia. The research was carried out in the soil and climatic conditions of the foothill zone of the North Caucasus in 2005–2015. The aim of the research is to study the dependence of biological traits and properties on the origin of samples and to isolate genotypes with the maximum expression of traits for use in breeding. In the research the methodological instructions of the All-Russian Research Institute of Breeding of Fruit Crops and the North Caucasus Center for the Breeding of Fruit, Berry, Flower and Ornamental Crops and Grapes have been used. The analysis of weather conditions has been carried out using meteorological data of the MES of the RIPB Branch. The regularities of the manifestation of signs and biological properties of the studied samples depending on their geographical origin have been established. The varieties that combine a fairly good quality of fruits and other, valuable characteristics have been identified: late flowering for protection from frost – Obilnaya Tuza, Uspenka; resistance to fungal diseases – Vodnik, Utrennyaya Svezhest; early maturity – Borup, Napoca and high regular yield – P. regelii x P. pyrifolia № 2 interspecific hybrid. As a result of many years of studying the world collection of pears the list of isolated genotypes of valuable traits has been added, the use of which contributes to a significant increase in the efficiency of breeding work.

scholarly journals Evaluation of onion samples (Allium cepa L.) of various origins in the foothill zone of the North Caucasus and creation of source material fo

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
I. S. Mastyaev ◽  
A. F. Agafonov ◽  
L. V. Krivenkov
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
The North ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
High Yields

Relevance. The success of breeding work is largely determined by the source material, the search and creation of which for target breeding begins with the collection and study of collectible samples for the alignment of morphological features; for the precocity and amity of maturation; for the keeping quality and transportability of bulbs; for the quality of vegetable products (high content of biologically active substances and antioxidants); for resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors of a specific growing zone.Materials and methods. On the basis of the North Caucasus branch FSBSI FSVC, 90 samples of spring onions from 26 countries of the world were evaluated in the number nursery for the period from 2017 to 2019, 71 of them were varieties and 19 were F1 hybrids. In a hybrid nursery, 25 hybrid combinations obtained from FSBSI FSVC (VNIISSOK) were evaluated. The laying and placement of experiments, agricultural techniques of cultivation, accounting and evaluation of economically valuable traits, biochemical analyses were carried out according to generally accepted methods. The standards are the new Primo and Ampex varieties of the selection of the FSBSI FSVC and the Italian F1 hybrid Ranko, which were placed every 10 collection samples.Results.According to the results of the assessment, among the studied F1 varieties and hybrids, sources of economically valuable traits such as yield (20-27 t/ha), precocity (80-90 days), preservation (more than 85%) when laid for long-term storage up to 7 months, purple, white and pink color of bulbs, as well as sources of long-shaped bulbs were identified. The greatest interest for breeding for yield is represented by 9 promising varieties and 9 F1 hybrids of onions of various origins, as well as 4 hybrid combinations that were distinguished by high yields, the yield of marketable products and the mass of marketable bulbs. These samples are recommended for use in the breeding process as sources for the creation of new varieties and hybrids with high yields for the agro-climatic conditions of the foothill zone of the North Caucasus.r breeding

scholarly journals Helminth biodiversity and spread peculiarities of helminthiasis of domestic artiodactyls in the Caspian Depression ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 06012
Author(s):  
Agay Ataev ◽  
Madina Zubairova ◽  
Nadyrsultan Karsakov ◽  
Dzhamilya Kataeva ◽  
Arslan Khasaev
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Rich Variety ◽  
The North ◽  
Domestic Ruminants ◽  
Caspian Depression ◽  
Animal Grazing

The Caspian Depression is situated on the flat eastern territory of the North Caucasus. According to the soil and climatic conditions, different ecosystems are neighboring in the Caspian Depression: lowland moistened areas (up to 30% of the territories), plat steppes (more than 50%), salt marshes (up to 10%), and semi-deserts (up to 10%). The majority of the Caspian Depression territories are used for domestic animal grazing, where more than 3 million sheep, goats and up to 150 thousand heads of cattle are contained. 46 nosological units of helminthiasis agents are parasitized on domestic ruminants, including 37 species of sheep and 38 of cattle. The average temperature in winter is up to +12°С; in summer – up to +45°С (210-220 days a year). This region is characterized by year-round use of land and an increase in zootechnical standards for keeping animals per unit of pasture (up to 8 heads of sheep and 3 heads of cattle). Moreover, it has a rich variety of pathogens of helminthiasis, the similarity of most types of helminths for domestic ruminants, a high number of invasive stages in biotopes, and up to 95% of the prevalence of mixed invasions of dangerous parasitoses.

THE ROLE OF TECHNOGENIC IMPACT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DANGEROUS GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN THE MOUNTAIN REGIONS OF THE NORTHERN CAUCASUS

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-450
Author(s):  
Irina Malneva ◽  
Nina Kononova ◽  
Muhtar Hadzhiev
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Northern Caucasus ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Technogenic Impact ◽  
The North ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Rock Formations ◽  
Operational Forecasts

The article presents an assessment of technogenic impact on the development of hazardous geological processes in the mountainous regions of the Northern Caucasus in the current century. Technogenic impact is determined by the stability of rock formations that make up the Krasnodar Territory, Kabardino-Balkaria, and North Ossetia relative to the impacts of other forces. It is also noted that the activity of hazardous geological processes is largely determined by the interaction of climatic conditions, which determine their speed, and technogenesis. Examples of problematic territories of the North Caucasus are given. To assess climatic changes and major catastrophes, a typology of atmospheric circulation in the Northern Hemisphere was developed under the leadership of B.L. Dzerdzeevsky. Typification materials from the period between 1899 and 2018 are posted in the public domain, at www.atmospheric-circulation.ru. The largest catastrophes, in which landslides and mudflows became more active, and the interaction of natural and man-made factors in these disasters are considered.Hazardous geological processes can disrupt the sustainable development of individual regions with their negative impact on the environment. The assessment of their danger is therefore of special current relevance. The article considers the possibility of predicting catastrophes associated with these processes. Long-term forecasts of landslides, mudflows and other processes continue to be important. The methodology of such forecasting was previously developed in sufficient detail. The greatest importance is assigned to operational forecasts that will make it possible to warn of possible danger hours or even days ahead.

Mythologemes of the Soviet ideology in Stalin epoch: mechanisms of the creating and manipulating mass consciousness (on the basis of materials from the Istparts of the North Caucasus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (12-1) ◽  
pp. 18-31
Author(s):  
Dmitry Pikalov ◽  
Vasilina Pikalova
Keyword(s):  
Social Reality ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Mass Consciousness ◽  
Historical Figures ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Soviet Ideology

The article is devoted to the analysis of the mechanism of creation of mythologemes in the system of the Soviet ideology of the early Soviet era. On the basis of materials from the Istparts of the North Caucasus, the authors study the construction of mythologemes and their impact on consciousness, when the comprehension of a new social reality took place through mythological images, which were based on the interpretation of the history of revolutionary events and the activities of historical figures. The technology of using mythologemes for manipulating mass consciousness, including for the purpose of introducing a new picture of the world into it, is considered.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the cucumber gene pool of the VIR collection on precocity and fruiting period under the conditions of the Lower Volga region

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
T. M. Piskunova ◽  
E. Kh. Sukhanberdina
Keyword(s):  
Gene Pool ◽  
Relative Resistance ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Research Material ◽  
World Collection ◽  
The World ◽  
Early Ripening

Relevance. In connection with the annual epiphytotic development of peronosporosis (Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk. and Curt.) Rostow. on cucumber and the absence varieties immune to this disease, it is advisable to create and cultivate precocious varieties and hybrids that can form the main part of the yield before the period of mass spread of the disease. In order to rationally use the cucumber gene pool long-term research of the world collection is carried out to search of sources of yield, precocity and resistance to peronosporosis.Material and methods. The studies were conducted at Volgograd Experimental Station of VIR (Volgograd province). The research material was 370 cucumber accessions from the world collection of VIR. Evaluation of accessions on a complex of signs was carried out according to methodical guidelines of VIR.Results and conclusions. Long-term study of cucumber accessions of various geographical origin showed that the duration of the interphase period "mass seedlings - the first harvest of fruits" did not differ significantly in samples of different geographical groups, most of them belong to the early ripening. It was found that the duration of the fruiting period depended on the degree of resistance of plants to peronosporosis: the higher the resistance of the variety or hybrid, the longer the fruiting period. A number of precocious, yielding hybrids and varieties, as well as samples with a long period of fruiting and relative resistance to peronosporosis, were allocated. The perspective material for the decision of separate problems in breeding of a cucumber is recommended.

scholarly journals Modelling the evolution of Djankuat Glacier, North Caucasus, from 1752 until 2100 CE

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 4039-4061
Author(s):  
Yoni Verhaegen ◽  
Philippe Huybrechts ◽  
Oleg Rybak ◽  
Victor V. Popovnin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Flow Line ◽  
Calibration Procedure ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The North ◽  
Debris Cover

Abstract. We use a numerical flow line model to simulate the behaviour of the Djankuat Glacier, a World Glacier Monitoring Service reference glacier situated in the North Caucasus (Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria, Russian Federation), in response to past, present and future climate conditions (1752–2100 CE). The model consists of a coupled ice flow–mass balance model that also takes into account the evolution of a supraglacial debris cover. After simulation of the past retreat by applying a dynamic calibration procedure, the model was forced with data for the future period under different scenarios regarding temperature, precipitation and debris input. The main results show that the glacier length and surface area have decreased by ca. 1.4 km (ca. −29.5 %) and ca. 1.6 km2 (−35.2 %) respectively between the initial state in 1752 CE and present-day conditions. Some minor stabilization and/or readvancements of the glacier have occurred, but the general trend shows an almost continuous retreat since the 1850s. Future projections using CMIP5 temperature and precipitation data exhibit a further decline of the glacier. Under constant present-day climate conditions, its length and surface area will further shrink by ca. 30 % by 2100 CE. However, even under the most extreme RCP 8.5 scenario, the glacier will not have disappeared completely by the end of the modelling period. The presence of an increasingly widespread supraglacial debris cover is shown to significantly delay glacier retreat, depending on the interaction between the prevailing climatic conditions, the debris input location, the debris mass flux magnitude and the time of release of debris sources from the surrounding topography.

scholarly journals Biological Security of Polish Military Contingents Outside the Country

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
Beata Osiak
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Tropical Diseases ◽  
Biological Safety ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
North And South ◽  
The Eu

Polish soldiers have been participating in peacekeeping and stabilization missions around the world for several decades under the auspices of the UN, OSCE, NATO and the EU. They were first sent to Korea in 1953 to oversee a ceasefire between the North and South Koreas. Since then, nearly 70,000 Polish troops have taken part in 58 peace and humanitarian multinational missions on different continents (SKMP ONZ, 2019), which required from them great skills to cooperate with soldiers from other countries, to overcome cultural barriers,  as well as adaptation to difficult, often completely different than in Europe, climatic conditions,  and to create a system of safeguards and procedures against dangerous tropical diseases. Due to these reasons, biological safety, i.e.,  medical, sanitary-hygienic, and anti-epidemic security of the contingent, plays a significant role in every mission because it allows the soldiers and civilian personnel stay healthy in an unfavorable and different climate and environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Analysis of regional features of water consumption structure in the North Caucasus. Part 2. Problems of water use optimization

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
Е.А. Rybak ◽  
◽  
О.О. Rybak ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
The North ◽  
Regional Features ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
Quality Water

The use of water for various human needs can be considered as an anthropogenic factor affecting water resources. The amount of water consumption is determined by the size of the population, the level of development and the state of housing and communal services, climatic conditions and other factors. The agricultural sector plays a significant role in the economy of the South and North Caucasian Federal Districts. The increase in agricultural production, especially in the southern drylands, is largely due to its reliable and high-quality water supply. A large share of the agricultural sector in the structure of water use determines that the water turnover coefficient in the region as a whole is much lower than the national one. The analysis of open sources revealed the key problems of water consumption in the region and enabled to identify specific measures for revising its structure.

scholarly journals Productivity potential of the Melba apple variety on rootstocks of different growth strengths

2021 ◽  
pp. 114-117
Author(s):  
E. N. Ivanenko ◽  
T. V. Menshutina ◽  
M. G. Kostenko
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
First Year ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Apple Variety ◽  
The North ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Productivity Indicators ◽  
Productivity Potential

The article presents the results of a five-year study of the yield of the Melba apple variety on dwarf, semi-dwarf and medium-sized rootstocks selected by the North Caucasus Federal Scientific Center for Horticulture, Viticulture, and Winemaking (SKFNCSVV). The aim of the research is to study the influence of rootstocks of different growth strengths on the productivity potential of the Melba apple variety in the natural and climatic conditions of the Astrakhan region. The research revealed the influence of the rootstock genotype on the main productivity indicators: perishability, yield, frequency of fruiting, stability of productivity, marketable qualities of fruits. The early fruitfulness of the variety was most affected by the dwarf subspecies SK 3, SK 7 and semi-dwarf SK 2, on which 60–100% of the trees bloomed in the first year of growth in the garden. Among the studied combinations, the highest rates of crop growth in the Melba variety were noted on the dwarf rootstock SK 3 and semi-dwarf SK 2, in combination with which the variety was characterized by maximum values of average (19.4–16.3 t/ha) and total yield (97.2–81.6 t/ha), with the values of these indicators on the control variants 16.0–10.6 t/ha and 80.2–53.1 t/ha respectively. Low indicators of the periodicity index were noted on the dwarf rootstock SK 3 (15.6) and semi-dwarf rootstock: control M 26 (23.0), SK 2 (20.0), SK 5 (27.5), high index of productivity stability (0.75–0.86) – on rootstocks SK 3, SK 2 and SK 5. In the arid conditions of the Astrakhan region, the zoned variety Melba is recommended to be grown in an intensive garden on rootstocks SK 3 and SK 2, which ensure regular and stable yields.

scholarly journals ESTUDO COMPARATIVO ENTRE METODOLOGIAS DE ESTIMATIVA DA EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIA PARA LOCALIDADES DO NORTE DE MINAS GERAIS

Irriga ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 714-721
Author(s):  
Lucas da Costa Santos ◽  
Lucas Santos do Patrocínio Figueiró ◽  
Alex Xavier Ribeiro Andrade ◽  
Antônio Costa Ferreira Neto ◽  
Caroline Salezzi Bonfá
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
The North ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Evapotranspiration Estimation ◽  
E Mail

ESTUDO COMPARATIVO ENTRE METODOLOGIAS DE ESTIMATIVA DA EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIA PARA LOCALIDADES DO NORTE DE MINAS GERAIS     LUCAS DA COSTA SANTOS1; LUCAS SANTOS DO PATROCÍNIO FIGUEIRÓ1; ALEX XAVIER RIBEIRO DE ANDRADE1; ANTÔNIO COSTA FERREIRA NETO1 E CAROLINE SALEZZI BONFÁ1   1 Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri – UFVJM, Campus JK, Rodovia MGT 367-KM 583, nº 5000, Alto da Jacuba. CEP: 39.100-000, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected];[email protected];[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected].     1 RESUMO   A determinação da evapotranspiração é imprescindível para a prática racional da irrigação, o que tem conduzido à formulação de diversas equações para estimativa desta importante variável meteorológica. Nesse sentido, faz-se necessário estudos comparativos com estas equações de modo a avaliar, localmente, sua aplicabilidade. Em linha com o exposto, objetivou-se comparar, para as condições climáticas de Salinas e Januária (ambos situados no Norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil), métodos empíricos de estimativa da evapotranspiração com o método padrão de Penman-Monteith (FAO56). Para tanto, utilizou-se dados meteorológicos de cinco anos (2016 a 2020) obtidos do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET). Para a análise comparativa foram utilizados os seguintes indicadores estatísticos: coeficientes de determinação (R²) e correlação (r), erro absoluto médio (EAM), raiz do erro quadrado médio (REQM), índice de concordância (d) e índice de desempenho (c). Os resultados obtidos demonstram que, para as duas localidades avaliadas, o método de Blaney-Criddle apresenta o melhor desempenho para a estimativa da evapotranspiração, por outro lado, as equações de Hargreaves-Samani e Priestley-Taylor exibiram performance insatisfatória.   Palavras-chave: métodos empíricos, demanda hídrica de cultivos, manejo da irrigação.     SANTOS, L. C.; FIGUEIRÓ, L. S. P.; ANDRADE, A. X. R.; FERREIRA NETO, A. C.; BONFÁ, C. B. COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN REFERENCE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION ESTIMATION METHODOLOGIES FOR NORTHERN MINAS GERAIS LOCATIONS     2 ABSTRACT   The determination of evapotranspiration is essential for the rational practice of irrigation, which has led to the formulation of several equations to estimate this important meteorological variable. In line with the above objective was to compare, for the climatic conditions of Salinas and Januária (both located in the North of Minas Gerais, Brazil), empirical methods for estimating evapotranspiration with the standard method of Penman-Monteith (FAO56). For this purpose, meteorological data for five years (2016 to 2020) obtained from the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) were used. For the comparative analysis, the following statistical indicators were used: coefficients of determination (R²) and correlation (r), mean absolute error (EAM), root mean square error (REQM), agreement index (d) and performance index (c). The results obtained demonstrate that, for the two locations evaluated, the Blaney-Criddle method presents the best performance for estimating evapotranspiration, on the other hand, the Hargreaves-Samani and Priestley-Taylor equations showed unsatisfactory performance.   Keywords: crop water demand, empirical methods, irrigation management.

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