Water solubility of clary sage essential oil

The article provides data on the degree of solubility of essential oils in water. Essential oils are considered as compounds that are completely insoluble or slightly soluble, or refer to substances with a certain, limited, solubility. The distillation of the essential oil from the raw material is preceded by its dissolution in water and hydrodiffusion in the solution beyond the limits of the essential oil containers. The solubility of essential oils in water, apparently, plays an important role in living plants during their intracellular movement and removal outside the cells. To clarify the concepts, samples of primary and secondary oils obtained in production have been examined. The solubility of clary sage oil at 20○C reaches a significant value (0.094% for primary one, 0.406% for secondary one), but with an increase in temperature up to 40○C it decreases to 17-15%. Further study of the GLC data shows that the change in the percentage is due to an increase in the content of cineole and unidentified components in the oil, which have a relatively high solubility, hardly noticeable in the primary oil and accumulate in the secondary one and in the one isolated from the primary one. In the sample isolated from the water solution of the secondary oil there are 2 unidentified components located between cineole and linalool and apparently having increased solubility. Due to this, the percentage of linalool in the oil isolated from the solution decreases, but the absolute amount of the latter in 100 ml of the solution increases 2,58 times compared to the oil isolated from the primary oil solution.

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Determination of Essential Oil Bioactive Components and Rosmarinic Acid of Salvia officinalis Cultivated under Different Intra-row Spacing

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb529046 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 198-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mohammad ABU DARWISH ◽

Ezz Al-Dein AL-RAMAMNEH ◽

Ivan SALAMON ◽

Ziad ABU-DIEYEH ◽

Mohamed AL NAWAISEH ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Rosmarinic Acid ◽

Plant Density ◽

Salvia Officinalis ◽

Raw Material ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Human Disorders ◽

Tea Production ◽

First Time

Salvia officinalis, known also as sage, is a medicinal plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family that spreads all over the word in several countries. The demand for the raw material and extracts of this plant is increasing due to its numerous applications in pharmacy, food and herbal tea production. The present study investigated for the first time the effect of 15, 30 and 45 cm intra-row spacing (plant density) on the main constituents of sage essential oils and rosmarinic acid content. The highest content of essential oils (2.7%) and rosmarinic acid (2.0%) were obtained in plants grown using 15 cm planting space. Likewise, close spacing resulted also in a substantial content of 1,8-cineole (47-50%, GC/FID; 55-60%, GC/MS). This work indicated that 1,8-cineole chemotype was a dominant character of cultivated S. officinalis in south of Jordan. In general, the percent of α-thujone in essential oil was not affected by intra-row spacing. However, the percent of β-thujone decreased from (2-3%, GC/MS) in plants grown using 15 cm intra-row spacing to (1-2%, GC/MS) in plants grown using 30 and 45 cm intra-row spacing. The highest content of α-and β-pinene was recorded in plants grown using 45 cm planting space (8-10%, GC/FID; 5-6% GC/MS). Based on GC/MS, camphor compound was enriched (9-10%) in sage plants grown under 15 cm spacing and greater than in plants grown under 30 (6-7%) or 45 cm (5-6%) spacing. The results make the potential use of sage extracts in the treatment of some human disorders or illness an area of further research.

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Sustainable and Environmentally Friendly Essential Oils Extracted from Pineapple Waste

Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry ◽

10.33263/briac125.68336844 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 6833-6844

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Raw Material ◽

Ananas Comosus ◽

Pineapple Waste ◽

Food And Agriculture ◽

Food And Agriculture Organization ◽

Aldehydes And Ketones ◽

United Nations Food

Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merril), one of the major fruit crops, is mainly used for raw consumption and for industrial juice production, which creates large amounts of residues. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has estimated that pineapple waste accounts for between 50 to 65 % of the total weight of the fruit. Industrial pineapple waste is a major source of pollution as important quantities of primary residues are not further processed. Pineapple waste contains bioactive compounds such as carotenoids, polyphenols, fibers, vitamins, enzymes, and essential oils. These phytochemicals can be used in the food industry, medicine and pharmacy, textile, and others. This review highlights essential oil and other bioactive compounds extracted from pineapple waste and the composition of pineapple essential oil. Pineapple peels are the potential raw material for essential oil extraction through various methods. Modern spectrometric methods have shown that essential oil extracted from pineapple waste comprises esters, alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones. From this overview, it can be concluded that there is an important need for further research into pineapple waste as a potential source of valuable byproducts, as well as new techniques to studying industrial organic residuals to achieve higher recovery rates of valuable bioactive compounds used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetic and chemical industries as well as for developing new functional foods.

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Transcriptomic Analysis of Fertilization Effects on the Biosynthesis of Sesquiterpenes in Essential Oils from Phoebe Bournei Twigs and Leaves

10.21203/rs.3.rs-143814/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Li Liu ◽

Gongxiu He ◽

Xu Wang ◽

Dangquan Zhang

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Raw Material ◽

Compound Fertilizer ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Leaf Essential Oil ◽

Main Components ◽

Fertilization Effects ◽

Phoebe Bournei

Abstract Background: Phoebe bournei is a potential medicinal plant whose essential oil (EO) from leaves has potential inhibitory activities against some bacterium, tumor, and has a certain potential for hypoglycemic activity. Fertilization is a common and effective method to increase plant biomass, which can increase the raw material of essential oil, but has a certain impact on the composition and biological activity of plant essential oil. Results: The main components are sesquiterpenes in the essential oils from leaves and twigs. The yield of the essential oils and the content of their main components can be modulated by compost and compound fertilizer, to different degrees, and minor differences were registered among the categories of the components in essential oils. However, changes were strongly mirrored in some main components of essential oils. The content of the primary (+) - calarene in the leaf EO were strongly increased by compost, but the opposite happened by compound fertilizer. On the contrary, the effect of compound fertilizer was more significant on the main components of twig essential oil than compost. The transcriptome sequencing results of P. bournei showed that the total number of DEGs in twigs and leaves treated with compost were significantly more than that with compound fertilizer. No change was found in the expression of genes regulating principal components. However, the expression of several key genes regulating the upstream substrates for the synthesis of the sesquiterpenes was significantly changed: the expression of two key speed limiting enzymes genes (DXS and HMGR) and two important branch-point enzyme genes (FPPS and GGPPS) was significantly down regulated, while the expression of gene (HMGS) was significantly up-regulated.Conclusion: The expression levels of genes (DXS2, HMGR, FPPS and GGPPS) were significantly down regulated in leaves treated with compost, resulting in the changes of the yield and main components of the leaf essential oil. The effect of compost was more significant on the synthesis of the essential oil from P. bournei leaves than that of compound fertilizer.

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Essential Oils-Loaded Polymer Particles: Preparation, Characterization and Antimicrobial Property

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym11061017 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1017 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Francesca Froiio ◽

Lorianne Ginot ◽

Donatella Paolino ◽

Noureddine Lebaz ◽

Abderrazzak Bentaher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Shelf Life ◽

Orange Juice ◽

Water Solubility ◽

Antimicrobial Property ◽

Storage Period ◽

Orange Essential Oil

In the last few years, essential oils (EOs) derived from plants have aroused great interest due to their well-known antimicrobial activity. Unfortunately, they present several limitations in their use, such as photosensitivity, temperature sensitivity, high volatility, and poor water solubility. The encapsulation technique represents a good solution to these problems and ensures protection of the functional properties of essential oils. In this work, bergamot essential oil (BEO) and sweet orange essential oil (OEO) loaded-Eudragit® RS 100 (EuRS100) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by using the nanoprecipitation technique. We obtained nanoparticles characterized by a mean diameter of 57 to 208 nm and a positive surface charge (39 to 74 mV). The antibacterial activity of the obtained systems against Escherichia coli was in vitro investigated. We demonstrated that both orange and bergamot essential oils were successfully encapsulated and our nanoparticles have good antibacterial activity. Finally, in order to evaluate the potential applicability of OEONps to prolong fresh orange juice shelf-life, survival of E. coli during a storage period of one week at 25 °C was investigated: Orange essential oil-loaded nanoparticles (OEONPs) have been able to prolong the orange juice shelf life.

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COMPONENT COMPOSITION OF ESSENTIAL OIL PRUNUS PERSICA VAR. NECTARINA GROWING IN UZBEKI-STAN

chemistry of plant raw material ◽

10.14258/jcprm.2020046542 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 165-170

Author(s):

Ra"no Botirovna Karabaeva ◽

Alidzhan Aminovich Ibragimov ◽

Otabek Mamadaliyevich Nazarov

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Prunus Persica ◽

Component Composition ◽

Raw Material ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Pale Yellow ◽

Yellow Color ◽

The Republic ◽

Main Components

The article presents the results of determining the composition of essential oils of Prunus persica var. nectarina varieties "yellow nectarine" – "sariк luchchak (uzb.) ", growing in two regions of the Ferghana region of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The pale yellow essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation from un-dried fresh leaves of plants. The oil composition was determined by chromatography-mass spectrometry on an Agilent 7890 AGC 6890 N gas chromotograph with a quadrupole mass spectrometer (Agilent 5975C inert MSD) as a detector on an HP-5 MS quartz capillary column. An essential oil of pale yellow color was isolated from the leaves of plants. In the composition of essential oils, 56 and 61 compounds were identified in the first and second samples, respectively, wich is 94.55 and 96.00% of the total components. The dominant components of the first saple are camphor bicyclic monoterpene ketones (24.21%), α-thujone (15.00%) and β-thujone (4.27%), aromatic aldehyde benzaldehyde (18.83%) and isobornoleol bicyclic monoterpene alcohol (6.17%). In the second sample, bicyclic monoterpenic ketones (camphor) (36.67%), α-thujone (21.81%) and β-thujone (7.06%) and bicyclic monoterpene alcohol isobornoleol (9.4%) predominate and monocyclic unsaturated monoterpene α-terpinene (2.18%). In both samples, (+)-2-bornanone (camphor) is predominant. The studied variety Prunus persica var. nectarina can serve as a raw material for the production of essential oil, the main components of which are camphor and isobornoleol.

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Chemical Indices and Antibacterial Properties of Some Essential Oils of Apiaceae and Lauraceae Spices in Southwest of Algeria

Asian Journal of Dairy and Food Research ◽

10.18805/ajdfr.dr-130 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Dalila Razni ◽

Linda Rouisset ◽

Elhassan Benyagoub

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Independent Effect ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Cinnamon Essential Oil ◽

The One

This study is a part of the valorization of extract from three most commonly used Algerian spices, namely; caraway and cumin seeds and cinnamon bark. On the one hand, it aims at characterizing the chemical indices of extracted essential oils and evaluating the antibacterial activity of each essential oil by titration and disc diffusion method respectively. On the other hand, it attempts at evaluating the combined action of essential oils against four reference pathogenic bacterial strains, namely Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis by well and Chabbert-type diffusion method. The essential oils obtained by the hydrodistillation method have a relatively average extraction about 1.43, 2.3 and 2.5%, respectively for caraway, cumin, and cinnamon. The acid index indicates the behavior and amount of free acids present in the essential oil, in which the acid and saponification indices of cinnamon essential oil indicate a value of 4.48 and 168.56 respectively. It can also inform us about the susceptibility of the oil to undergo alterations. The antibacterial activity results showed that cinnamon essential oil (EO) proved to be the most active against the tested bacterial strains; caraway EO was active against Enterococcus faecalis, and the antibacterial action of cumin EO was the lowest. However, the association of the extracted essential oils has a higher synergistic effect than the independent effect of each essential oil, in which the MIC value found was estimated at 10 to 20 (V/V), 40 to 50 (V/V) and 50 to 70 (V/V) respectively for cinnamon, cumin and caraway. The obtained results show that the response to the antibacterial activity varies according to the plant species used and the extract tested alone or in combination.

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Comparaison Quantitative Et Qualitative Des Huiles Essentielles De Rosmarinus Officinalis Obtenues Par Différentes Méthodes

European Scientific Journal ESJ ◽

10.19044/esj.2017.v13n21p172 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (21) ◽

pp. 172

Author(s):

Taha EL Kamli ◽

Faouzi Errachidi ◽

Noureddine Eloutassi ◽

Houmane Majid ◽

Rachida Chabir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Steam Distillation ◽

Physicochemical Characterization ◽

Rotatory Power ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽

Raw Material ◽

Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽

Middle Atlas

Rosmarinus officinalis is among the most abundant medicinal and aromatic plants in Morocco. There are several factors that influence the yield of quality and quantity of essential oils of this plant. This work focuses on the study, characterization and comparison of the chemical composition of essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis. The raw material studied is originally from the central part of northern Morocco (Skoura M'Daz region, Eastern Middle Atlas). The essential oils of rosemary were obtained by three different extraction methods : DA: Artisanal distillation, the essential oils were obtained directly from small cooperatives using a very traditional (nonindustrial) method and based on the technique of Steam distillation ; DI: Industrial distillation which is also based on Steam distillation; DC: hydrodistillation by clevenger apparatus Laboratory. The physicochemical characterization of essential oils focuses on the search for the yield of % essential oil with regard to the dry rosemary biomass, density, refractive index and rotatory power. The chemical analyzes were carried out by gas chromatography (GC), they identified 11 components representing more than 99.64% of the essential oil and indicate that the chemotype is 1.8 cineole and is varied according to the method (DI: 48.83%, DA: 41.28% and DC: 51.77%). In conclusion we have shown a quantitative and qualitative loss of essential oils due to the extraction method of essential oils, which has direct repercussions on the economy of rural Morocco and consequently on their sustainable development.

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Yield and Chemical Composition of Raw Material from Meadow Arnica (Arnica chamissonis Less.) Depending on Soil Conditions and Nitrogen Fertilization

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11090810 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 810

Author(s):

Katarzyna Olesińska ◽

Danuta Sugier ◽

Zdzisław Kaczmarski

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽

Flower Head ◽

Raw Material ◽

Loamy Soil ◽

Pharmacologically Active ◽

Active Substances

Considering the global tendency towards using valuable secondary metabolites of plant origin, there is a need to optimize the cultivation of herbal plants, e.g., the meadow arnica (A. chamissonis Less.). The inflorescences of this species (Arnicae anthodium) have a similar chemical composition and pharmacological activity to that in the mountain arnica (Arnica montana L.), and can be cultivated more easily than the mountain arnica. Therefore this study assesses soil and fertilization effects on the flower head yield and concentrations of active substances (sesquiterpene lactones, flavonoids, and essential oil) with great importance for application in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. A field experiment was carried out during 2017–2019 on two types of soil (sandy and loamy soils) differing in the pH values, organic matter content, and the P, K, and Mg levels. Five levels of nitrogen fertilization were applied in both soil variants: 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg N∙ha−1. The study showed that both the soil type and the nitrogen fertilization had a positive impact on the raw material yield and the content and yield of the main active substances. The cultivation of arnica in the loamy soil was more favorable—it provided a higher flower head yield, higher levels of sesquiterpene lactones, flavonoids, and essential oils, and consequently, a higher yield of these metabolites. High flower head yields were achieved at doses of 60 and 90 kg N∙ha−1. The content of sesquiterpene lactones and essential oils increased in the consecutive study years along with the increase in nitrogen doses. The highest content of flavonoids was detected in flower heads obtained from three-year-old plants fertilized with 60 kg N∙ha−1. High yields of sesquiterpene lactones and essential oils were obtained at doses of 90–120 kg N∙ha−1, whereas the fertilization with 60–90 N∙ha−1 ensured a high yield of flavonoids. The yields of sesquiterpene lactones and essential oil did not depend on their concentration but correlated with the increase in the yield of flower heads of plants cultivated in both sandy and loamy soil variants. In turn, the yield of flavonoids was influenced by both their concentration and the flower head yield. The flower head yield, the content of sesquiterpene lactones, flavonoids, and essential oils, and the yields of metabolites presented in this study indicate favorable climatic conditions for the cultivation of A. chamissonis in Central and Eastern Poland. This proves that a wide range of pharmacologically active substances can be produced in this region of Europe.

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Evaluation of the chemical components and some bioactive compounds of the peppermint essential oil (Mentha arvensis L.) cultivated in Vietnam

Ministry of Science and Technology, Vietnam ◽

10.31276/vjst.63(7).26-30 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 63 (7) ◽

pp. 26-30

Author(s):

Bao Tram Tran ◽

◽

Thi Hien Nguyen ◽

Thi Chien Truong ◽

Xuan Binh Minh Phan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Raw Material ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Plant Resources ◽

Scavenging Capacity ◽

Research Endeavor ◽

Diverse Plant

Vietnam has diverse plant resources and many species are considered to be valuable medicinal sources. Studying, seeking, and evaluating the bioactive compounds from plants is a valuable research endeavor for producing human healthcare products. Peppermint (Mentha arvensisL.) is widely cultivated in Vietnam as a raw material for the production of essential oils serving local needs and exports. This study compared the chemical components and some bioactive compounds in essential oil from Mentha arvensisL. cultivated in Thai Binh, Binh Thuan, and An Giang provinces. The essential oil yields in all samples ranged from 0.69 to 0.84%. Gas chromatography analyses identified 29 substances in total. Menthol and menthone were the two main ingredients in the oils, accounting for 53.62-62.61% and 18.81-21.06%, respectively. Furthermore, all essential oils exhibited free radical scavenging capacity in vitroand antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli. The plants collected in Thai Binh had the highest content of essential oil, menthol, and menthone, as well as the strongest bioactivities.

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Aromatic Plants from “Plateau des Cataractes”: Kinetic modeling of the extraction of leaf essential oils from Curcuma mangga (Valeton and Zijp) acclimatized in Congo-Brazzaville

Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry ◽

10.52711/0974-4150.2021.00034 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 186-194

Author(s):

Thomas Silou ◽

Ernest Bitemou ◽

Kevin Bikindou ◽

Aubin Nestor Loumouamoua ◽

Pierre Chalard

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Phenomenological Approach ◽

Aromatic Plants ◽

First Order ◽

The Many ◽

The One ◽

Congo Brazzaville ◽

Hand Modeling ◽

Quantitative Importance

Curcuma mangga Val. and Zijp is one of the many underutilized species of the genus Curcuma despite their proven interest as spice to color and enhance the taste of food, on the one hand, and as medicinal plants through essential oils extracted from different parts of the plant, on the other hand. Modeling the extraction in order to optimize the yield of essential oil is a pre requisite for the development of this species used as a spice in Congo-Brazzaville. The experimental results of the extraction of essential oil from the leaves analyzed, according to the phenomenological approach, validate both the kinetic model of the pseudo first order, when the washing step is neglected compared to the diffusion step and that of Peleg corresponding to a desorption in two steps (washing/diffusion). The main constituents of the oil adopt different desorption routes depending on their nature and their quantitative importance in the oil. Simple kinetics have been observed for sesquiterpenes present in relatively large amounts and complex for the monoterpenes in much smaller quantities.

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