The Role of K-Ras and P53 in Biliary Tract Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saara Ahmad ◽  
Bisma Badr ◽  
Asra Khan ◽  
Rehana Rehman ◽  
Kulsoom Ghias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biliary Tract ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Suppressor Gene ◽  
P53 Mutation ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Biliary Tract Carcinoma ◽  
Ras Mutation ◽  
Molecular Alterations ◽  
P53 Inactivation

Objective: Biliary tract cancers are among the most fatal subtypes of gastrointestinal cancer.  The pathogenesis of these tumors involves several molecular alterations in the genes. This review article focuses mainly on the role of K-Ras (a proto-oncogene) and p53 (a tumor-suppressor gene) which are among the most commonly mutated genes, with K-Ras activation being detected in 50% to 75% and P53 inactivation in 30% to 40% of biliary tract carcinomas.  Methods: PubMed and Google Scholar were searched using the terms TP53, KRAS, mutation, biliary tract carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, murine model. In total, 72 articles were reviewed of which 26 articles from the 21st Century were included in this review. The articles excluded were mere repetitions, duplicates or were irrelevant. No data was retrieved from posters, presentations, cell lines and symposiums. Moreover, experiments involving bile aspirations were not included in this review article. Results: Three studies conducted in China, Japan and Taiwan reported a positive correlation between K-Ras mutation and biliary tract carcinoma. Only one study conducted in China showed the sole correlation between p53 inactivation and biliary tract carcinoma. Among the studies conducted in China, Japan and Europe, only four showed a positive association between both K-Ras mutation and p53 inactivation and biliary tract carcinoma. Conclusion: K-Ras and p53 mutation both contribute to biliary tract carcinoma. K-Ras mutation, however, has a much higher frequency as compared to p53 inactivation in these cancers. Keywords: p53, K-Ras, mutation, biliary tract carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, murine models. Continuous..

scholarly journals The role of chemotherapy in biliary tract carcinoma

HPB ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Verslype ◽  
H. Prenen ◽  
E. Van Cutsem
Keyword(s):  
Biliary Tract ◽  
Biliary Tract Carcinoma

scholarly journals Usefulness of p53 gene mutations in the supernatant of bile for diagnosis of biliary tract carcinoma: comparison with K- ras mutation

2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 831-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Yasushi Yamaguchi ◽  
Hiroyuki Watanabe ◽  
Koushiro Ohtsubo ◽  
Tokio Wakabayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biliary Tract ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
P53 Gene ◽  
Biliary Tract Carcinoma ◽  
Ras Mutation ◽  
P53 Gene Mutations

Lymph Node Metastasis in the Biliary Tract Carcinoma: CT Evaluation

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Young Soo Do ◽  
Byung Hee Lee ◽  
Kie Hwan Kim ◽  
Soo Yil Chin ◽  
Ah Ra Lee
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Node Metastasis ◽  
Biliary Tract ◽  
Biliary Tract Carcinoma ◽  
Node Metastasis ◽  
Ct Evaluation

Population Control (Review Article)

1961 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-98
Author(s):  
Karol J. Krotki
Keyword(s):  
Population Control ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Small Enterprise ◽  
Opportunity Costs ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Factual Information ◽  
Undue Influence ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Economic Considerations

Discussions about the role of small enterprise in economic development tend to remain inconclusive partly because of the difficulty of assessing the relative importance of economic and non-economic objectives and partly because of the dearth of factual information on which to base an economic calculus. It is probably true, moreover, that, because of a lack of general agreement as to the economic case for or against small enterprise, non-economic considerations, including some merely romantic attitudes toward smallness and bigness, tend to exert an undue influence on public policies. There may, of course, be no clear-cut economic case. And noneconomic considerations should and will inevitably weigh significantly in policy decisions. If, however, some of the economic questions could be settled by more and better knowledge, these decisions could more accurately reflect the opportunity costs of pursuing non-economic objectives.

Biological role of AKT, and regulation of AKT signaling pathway by thymoquinone: perspectives in cancer therapeutics

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Junaid ◽  
Yeasmin Akter ◽  
Syeda Samira Afrose ◽  
Mousumi Tania ◽  
Md. Asaduzzaman Khan
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Akt Signaling ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Akt Signaling Pathway ◽  
Anti Cancer

Background: AKT/PKB is an important enzyme with numerous biological functions, and its overexpression is related to the carcinogenesis. AKT stimulates different signaling pathways that are downstream of activated tyrosine kinases and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, hence functions as an important target for anti-cancer drugs. Objective: In this review article, we have interpreted the role of AKT signaling pathways in cancer and natural inhibitory effect of Thymoquinone (TQ) in AKT and its possible mechanism. Method: We have collected the updated information and data on AKT, their role in cancer and inhibitory effect of TQ in AKT signaling pathway from google scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Elsevier, Scopus and many more. Results: There are many drugs already developed, which can target AKT, but very few among them have passed clinical trials. TQ is a natural compound, mainly found in black cumin, which has been found to have potential anti-cancer activities. TQ targets numerous signaling pathways, including AKT, in different cancers. In fact, many studies revealed that AKT is one of the major targets of TQ. The preclinical success of TQ suggests its clinical studies on cancer. Conclusion: This review article summarizes the role of AKT in carcinogenesis, its potent inhibitors in clinical trials, and how TQ acts as an inhibitor of AKT and TQ’s future as a cancer therapeutic drug.

The Role of Diabetes Mellitus in Diseases of the Gallbladder and Biliary Tract

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 931-948
Author(s):  
Benjamin Rahmani ◽  
Jason Gandhi ◽  
Gunjan Joshi ◽  
Noel L. Smith ◽  
Inefta Reid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Gallbladder Cancer ◽  
Biliary Tract ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Database Search ◽  
Heavy Burden ◽  
Prevalence Of Diabetes Mellitus

Background: The increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus worldwide continues to pose a heavy burden. Though its gastrointestinal impact is appropriately recognized, the lesser known associations may be overlooked. Objective: We aim to review the negative implications of diabetes on the gallbladder and the biliary tract. Methods: A MEDLINE® database search of literature was conducted with emphasis on the previous five years, combining keywords such as "diabetes," "gallbladder," and "biliary". Results: The association of diabetes to the formation of gallstones, gallbladder cancer, and cancer of the biliary tract are discussed along with diagnosis and treatment. Conclusion: Though we uncover the role of diabetic neuropathy in gallbladder and biliary complications, the specific individual diabetic risk factors behind these developments is unclear. Also, in addition to diabetes control and surgical gallbladder management, the treatment approach also requires further focus.

Cholesterol and its Ayurvedic Complement – Depicting its role in Pathogenesis as well as Management of Diabetes

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Kajaria
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Modality ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Natural Properties ◽  
Lipid Balance ◽  
Vast Area

Role of cholesterol in the pathogenesis of diabetes is the emergent are of research with full of potential; it not only open a vast area of therapeutic interventions but also can change the prevailing treatment modality. Ayurveda, the Indian system of medicine materialize the concept of lipocenteric approach for the management of diabetes even thousands of years back. According to Ayurveda, the natural properties of lipid are deranged that causes diabetes. It may prove beneficial to quest the search of herbal remedies that can harmonize the lipid balance and uproot the pathogenesis. In the presenting review article, role of cholesterol in the pathogenesis of diabetes is discussed along with detailed description of Ayurvedic concepts regarding pathogenesis and a brief description of herbal management.

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