Root CanalIrrigants in Pediatric Dentistry:A Literature Review & Update

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 144-168
Author(s):  
Vaibhav Kotecha
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Dentinal Tubules ◽  
Root Canal Irrigants ◽  
Bacterial Contaminants ◽  
Root Canal System ◽  
Necrotic Debris ◽  
The Ideal

Successful root canal treatment is dependent on the removal of microorganisms from he pulp and other anatomical irregularities of the root canal system. However, complete elimination of bacterial contaminants as well as necrotic debris require adjunctive use of root canal irrigants along with mechanical instrumentation. Irrigants can augment mechanical debridement by flushing out debris, dissolving tissue, and disinfecting the root canal system.Chemical debridement is especially needed for primary teeth with complex internal anatomy and zones inaccessible to debridements, such as accessorycanals, ramifications, and dentinal tubules that might be missed by instrumentation.None of the available irrigating solutions alone provides all the ideal requirements. Studies have shown that a combination of two or more irrigating solutions in a specific sequence will help to achieve optimal irrigation

scholarly journals Root Canal Irrigants in Primary Teeth

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miloni S Vora ◽  
Nidhi K Nihal ◽  
Jaya Agali Ramachandra
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Complete Elimination ◽  
Root Canal Therapy ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Root Canal Irrigants ◽  
Bacterial Contaminants ◽  
Necrotic Debris ◽  
The Ideal

ABSTRACT The endodontic triad consists of cleaning and shaping, disinfection and obturation. Success of root canal therapy in primary teeth is mainly achieved by thorough removal of debris and necrotic tissue. However, complete elimination of bacterial contaminants as well as necrotic debris require adjunctive use of root canal irrigants along with mechanical instrumentation. As we know from literature that none of the available irrigating solutions alone provides all the ideal requirements. Studies have shown that a combination of two or more irrigating solutions in a specific sequence will help to achieve optimal irrigation. This review article mainly highlights the mechanism of action, safety and biocompatibility of currently used irrigation solutions and also the other materials that can be used as a potent irrigants, their advantages and limitations in future of endodontics. How to cite this article Ramachandra JA, Nihal NK, Nagarathna C, Vora MS. Root Canal Irrigants in Primary Teeth. World J Dent 2015;6(3):229-234.

scholarly journals Endodontic Disinfection for Orthograde Root Canal Treatment in Veterinary Dentistry

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Laura Sasser
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Root Canal Therapy ◽  
Complex Anatomy ◽  
Root Canal System ◽  
Necrotic Debris

Pulp debridement and disinfection in the pulp cavity is a critical step in achieving a successful root canal therapy. Microorganisms remaining in the root canal system after endodontic treatment are a main cause of root canal failure. The challenges faced in endodontic disinfection include the complex anatomy of the root canal system, the existence of a biofilm within the root canal, and the creation of a problematic smear layer during instrumentation of the canal. Historically, sodium hypochlorite and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid have been utilized as irrigants and still remain as the most effective disinfectants due to their synergistic abilities to eradicate microorganisms, dissolve necrotic debris, and remove the smear layer and biofilm. This article addresses challenges in endodontic disinfection, objectives of endodontic irrigants, properties of an ideal irrigant, currently used irrigants, and irrigant delivery systems utilized in veterinary dentistry.

scholarly journals Histological Evaluation of Multisonic Technology for Debridement of Vital and Necrotic Pulp Tissues from Human Molar Teeth. An Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 11002
Author(s):  
David E. Jaramillo ◽  
Alberto R. Arriola
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Pulp Tissue ◽  
Dentinal Tubules ◽  
Mandibular Molar ◽  
Molar Teeth ◽  
Root Canal System ◽  
Irreversible Pulpitis

Background: This study evaluated the efficacy of a multisonic technology for the debridement of vital and necrotic pulp tissues in freshly extracted human mandibular molar teeth. Methods: Twelve teeth with a diagnosis of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (SIP) and twelve teeth with a diagnosis of pulp necrosis with symptomatic apical periodontitis (SAP) were extracted. The GentleWave® procedure was performed on 10 teeth from each group. Four non-treated teeth served as histologic controls. Histological consecutive 5 µm sections were obtained from the apical, middle, and coronal portion of the canals. The canals were evaluated for the presence of pulpal debris and bacteria. Results: In nine out of the ten specimens with SIP, no pulpal debris was detected in any portion of the canals. In the necrotic pulp group, eight out of the ten specimens had no detectable pulpal debris in any portion of the canal spaces. No bacteria were detected in the main canals, isthmuses, or lateral canals, but were detected deep within the dentinal tubules in 10 specimens. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the multisonic technology was effective at removing vital and necrotic pulp tissue as well as bacteria from the root canal system, including inaccessible areas.

scholarly journals Sealer penetration and marginal permeability after apicoectomy varying retrocavity preparation and retrofilling material

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Winik ◽  
Ângela Toshie Araki ◽  
José Augusto Alves Negrão ◽  
Marina Stella Bello-Silva ◽  
José Luiz Lage-Marques
Keyword(s):  
Rhodamine B ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Dentinal Tubules ◽  
Lower Permeability ◽  
Periapical Healing ◽  
Root Canal System ◽  
Rhodamine B Dye ◽  
Negative Controls

Apicoectomy failure is generally related to inappropriate marginal sealing of the retrocavity, which allows percolation of microorganisms and their products from root canal system to periapex. This study evaluated tubular penetration of canal sealers and marginal permeability after retrocavity irradiation with Er;Cr:YSGG laser and retrofilling with MTA or cyanoacrylate. Twenty-two single-rooted teeth were decoronated and endodontically treated, their apical 3 mm were resected and the root ends were retroprepared with a low-speed bur. Twenty roots were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n=5): GI and GII - retrofilling with MTA and cyanoacrylate, respectively; GIII and GIV - retrocavity irradiation with Er;Cr:YSGG laser (2.78 µm, 4 W, 20 Hz, 70.8 J/cm²) and retrofilling with MTA and cyanoacrylate, respectively. The remaining 2 roots served as positive and negative controls. The analysis of rhodamine B dye infiltration (p=0.05) demonstrated that laser irradiation and MTA retrofilling presented significantly higher permeability rates (p<0.05). Retrofilling with cyanoacrylate showed significantly lower permeability, either when laser was used or not on retrocavity. SEM analysis depicted more cyanoacrylate penetration through dentinal tubules when compared to MTA, suggesting a more efficient marginal sealing. Based on these results, it may be concluded that cyanoacrylate provided a less permeable retrofilling regardless of the retropreparation method, suggesting a more favorable condition to the establishment of the periapical healing.

scholarly journals A Review Over Benefits and Drawbacks of Combining Sodium Hypochlorite with Other Endodontic Materials

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 661-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahed Mohammadi ◽  
Sousan Shalavi ◽  
Amir Moeintaghavi ◽  
Hamid Jafarzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Root Canal Irrigants ◽  
Irrigation Solution ◽  
Root Canal System

Introduction:As the root canal system considered to be complex and unpredictable, using root canal irrigants and medicaments are essential in order to enhance the disinfection of the canal. Sodium hypochlorite is the most common irrigant in endodontics. Despite its excellent antimicrobial activity and tissue solubility, sodium hypochlorite lacks some important properties such as substantivity and smear layer removing ability.Objective:The aim of this review was to address benefits and drawbacks of combining sodium hypochlorite with other root canal irrigants and medicaments.Discussion:According to the reviewed articles, NaOCl is the most common irrigation solution in endodontics. However, it has some drawbacks such as inability to remove smear layer. One of the drawbacks of NaOCl is its inability to remove the smear layer and lack of substantivity.Conclusion:The adjunctive use of other materials has been suggested to improve NaOCl efficacy. Nevertheless, further studies are required in this field.

scholarly journals Physiotherapeutic methods of processing root channels with application of light exposure in dentistry

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
A. V. Larinskaya ◽  
A. V. Yurkevich ◽  
I. D. Ushnitsky ◽  
V. F. Mikhalchenko ◽  
A. V. Mikhalchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Beam Energy ◽  
Laser Light ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Dentinal Tubules ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Root Canal System ◽  
And Diffusion

Aim. Substantiate the use of light exposure as physiotherapeutic methods of root canal treatment.Materials and methods. For the study, 93 human teeth were taken, all teeth were divided into 3 groups of 31 samples. Optical microscopy was used as the main research method.Results. The effect of laser radiation on biological structures depends on the wavelength of the energy emitted by the laser, the energy density of the beam, and the temporal characteristics of the beam energy. The processes that can occur in this case are reflection, absorption, scattering and transmission. The interaction of laser light and tissues occurs with optical proximity between them. This interaction is specific and selective, based on absorption and diffusion. The smaller the approach, the more light will be reflected or transmitted.Conclusions. Currently, in endodontics, diode lasers are the best systems for disinfecting the root canal system due to their ability to penetrate the dentinal tubules. The optical proximity of their wavelengths to bacteria leads to the destruction of the latter due to the photo-thermal effect.

scholarly journals The anti-bacterial efficacy of plant extracts against Enterococcus faecalis

2019 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Akhila B ◽  
George MK Mallela ◽  
Mettu Shanthan ◽  
Srinivas Nallanchakrav
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Root Canal Irrigants ◽  
Root Canal System

Brief Background: The main requisites for an endodontic treatment to succeed are adequate cleaning and shaping of the root canals. Several conventional root canal irrigants are in use to decrease the number of microbes in the root canal system. Enterococci are the most frequently isolated organisms in failed root canals. Aim: To compare the anti-bacterial efficacy of herbal root canal irrigating solutions with conventional irrigants. Materials and Methods: The test solutions and tooth samples were prepared. The sectioned tooth samples were inoculated in the bacteria, incubated for 24 hours and biofilm collected. Another sample of biofilm was collected after delivering of the irrigating solutions. Bothe the biofilm samples were checked for the reduction in the bacterial growth. Results: The present study was conducted to evaluate the anti-microbial efficacy of herbal irrigating solutions and compare them with the conventional irrigating solutions. Chlorhexidine (CHX), Ocimum sanctum (OS) and Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) showed no statistical significance whereas the other intergroup differences were statistically significant. Summary and Conclusion: OS showed a similar anti-bacterial efficacy to CHX and NaOCl, however, further research needs to be conducted in the area. The use of herbal alternatives may prove to be advantageous given the several unfavourable adverse effects of NaOCl and CHX. Key Words: Antibacterial, Chlorhexidine, Herbal irrigants, Ocimum, Root canal irrigants.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy of Chlorhexidine, Sodium Hypochlorite, the Diode Laser and Saline in Reducing the Microbial Count in Primary Teeth Root Canals – An In Vivo Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidhi Walia ◽  
Mousumi Goswami ◽  
Shivesh Mishra ◽  
Nidhi Walia ◽  
Divya Sahay
Keyword(s):  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Diode Laser ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Root Canal System

Introduction: One of the primary goals of pulpectomy is to decrease the sum total of microorganisms and disinfect the tooth root canal system. To achieve this, mechanical preparation, irrigation, disinfection and obturation of the root canal is necessary. The present study was set out to evaluate the difference in the antibacterial efficacy of primary teeth root canals either irrigated with chlorhexidine, saline, and sodium hypochlorite or irradiated with a soft tissue diode laser (980 nm, Photon Plus, Zolar Tech & Mfg Co. Inc, Ontario, Canada). Methods: Sixty primary teeth of children requiring pulpectomy were divided into 4 groups of 15 each, group 1 (2% chlorhexidine), group 2 (1% sodium hypochlorite), group 3 (laser irradiation) and group 4 (saline). Pulp tissue was extirpated from the canals and the samples were collected using sterile absorbent paper points. After cleaning and shaping, the root canals of the teeth in each group were irrigated using sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, and saline or were irradiated with the laser. The samples were obtained again and sent for microbiological examination. Results: The colony-forming unit (CFU) counts from pre-disinfection sample served as a baseline for comparisons throughout the study. The mean bacterial colony counts of all the isolated bacteria reduced after irrigation or irradiation. Intergroup comparisons showed no significant difference when groups 1, 2, and 3 were compared to each other (P>0.05). However, a significant difference was seen when groups 1, 2, 3 were compared to group 4 (P<0.05). Conclusion: Two percent chlorhexidine, 1% sodium hypochlorite and laser irradiation succeeded in reducing the root canal infection. Hence, diode laser irradiation may be a possible supplement to existing protocols for disinfecting the root canal system.

scholarly journals Micro-tomographic characterization of the root and canal system morphology of mandibular first premolars in a Chilean population

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Sierra-Cristancho ◽  
Luis González-Osuna ◽  
Daniela Poblete ◽  
Emilio A. Cafferata ◽  
Paola Carvajal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Multiple Root ◽  
Root Anatomy ◽  
Type I ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Root Canal System ◽  
Chilean Population

AbstractThis study aimed to analyze the root anatomy and root canal system morphology of mandibular first premolars in a Chilean population. 186 teeth were scanned using micro-computed tomography and reconstructed three-dimensionally. The root canal system morphology was classified using both Vertucci’s and Ahmed’s criteria. The radicular grooves were categorized using the ASUDAS system, and the presence of Tomes’ anomalous root was associated with Ahmed’s score. A single root canal was identified in 65.05% of teeth, being configuration type I according to Vertucci’s criteria and code 1MP1 according to Ahmed’s criteria. Radicular grooves were observed in 39.25% of teeth. The ASUDAS scores for radicular grooves were 60.75%, 13.98%, 12.36%, 10.22%, 2.15%, and 0.54%, from grade 0 to grade 5, respectively. The presence of Tomes’ anomalous root was identified only in teeth with multiple root canals, and it was more frequently associated with code 1MP1–2 of Ahmed’s criteria. The root canal system morphology of mandibular first premolars showed a wide range of anatomical variations in the Chilean population. Teeth with multiple root canals had a higher incidence of radicular grooves, which were closely related to more complex internal anatomy. Only teeth with multiple root canals presented Tomes’ anomalous root.

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