scholarly journals Copper distribution in organs and tissues of albino rats under oral administration of nanocomposite of copper oxide encapsulated in a polymeric matrix of arabinogalactan

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (10) ◽  
pp. 1145-1148
Author(s):  
Lyudmila G. Lisetskaya ◽  
Evgeny A. Titov
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Copper Oxide ◽  
The Body ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Distribution In Organs ◽  
Copper Distribution ◽  
Effect Of Copper ◽  
High Level

Introduction. Based on arabinogalactan, a complex of hybrid nanobiocomposites has been created, which carry a balanced amount of macro- and microelements necessary for the body. A feature of the action of nanoparticles on the body is their ability to easily penetrate all organs and tissues. The aim of the work is to study the effect of copper arabinogalactan on the content of copper in the main tissues and organs of rats. Material and methods. The content of copper in organs and tissues of rats after a 10-day intragastric administration of a solution of copper arabinogalactan in a dose of 500 μg per kg of weight was studied by the atomic absorption method. Results. A high level of copper (above 2 μg/g) was found in wool, kidneys, liver, and heart. The brain and testes contain from 1 to 2 μg/g of copper. In the tissues of the stomach, small and large intestines, thymus, pancreas, blood, eyes, spleen, lungs, and skeletal muscles - less than 1 μg/g. Conclusion. The study of the distribution of copper in the organs of rats after oral administration of the nanocomposite of copper oxide with arabinogalactan demonstrated the main target organs for the accumulation of the element to be the kidneys, liver, brain, and stomach. The different character of the accumulation of copper in the tissues of the body of the rats received arabinogalactan of copper in the form of a nanocomposite, may indicate the selective ability of tissues and organs to accumulate this element. For further work on the possible use of the drug for medicinal purposes, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of biodistribution and bioaccumulation in various organs.

Evaluation of Toxicity and Antidiabetic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Flowers of Moringa Oleifera Against Dexamethasone Induced Hyperglycemia in Albino WistarRats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (29) ◽  
pp. 72-83
Author(s):  
Sourabh Jain Neha Jain
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Effect ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Abstract-Diabetes is a defect in the ability of the body to convert glucose (sugar) to energy. Glucose is the main source of energy in our body. When food is digested it is metabolized into fats, proteins, or carbohydrates. Glucose is then transferred to the blood and is used by the cells for energy production. To investigate the antidiabetic effect ethanolic extracts of flowers of Moringa oleifera against dexamethasone induced insulin resistance in wistar albino rats. To study the antidiabetic effect, flowers ofMoringaoleiferawerecollectedandauthenticated, extracted and investigated for acute toxicity and dexamethasone induced hyperglcemia. The animals treated with EEMOF at a dose of 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg prevented the development ofhyperglycemia,hypercholesteremiaandhypertriglyceridemia in dexamethasone induced insulin resistance models. Oral administration of Moringa Oleifera 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg reduces serum glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterols and LDLconcentration and improve the concentration of HDLin dexamethasone administered rats. The lignin Moringa Oleifera showed significant anti-diabetic effect in rats after oral administration. The present study demonstrated that Moringa Oleifera could be useful in Management of diabetes associated with abnormalities in lipid profiles. Further study need to isolate, identify the active compounds and find out thepossiblemechanismofactions.

scholarly journals Curcumin ameliorates atrophy of seminal vesicle via reduction of oxidative stress in castrated mice

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Li ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
Ke Rao ◽  
Kang Liu ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Seminal Vesicle ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Curcumin Treatment ◽  
Seminal Vesicle Weight ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Function

Background The growth and function of seminal vesicle are dependent on androgen. This study was conducted to investigate the role of oxidative stress in castration-induced seminal vesicle atrophy and to explore the effects of curcumin, an antioxidant extracted from rhizome of turmeric, on seminal vesicle of castrated mice. Methods C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups: control, castration, and castration with curcumin (n = 10 for each group). After surgical castration, mice in the curcumin treatment group received intragastric administration of curcumin at 100 mg/kg body weight for 4 weeks, whereas mice in the other two groups were treated with olive oil. After that, the body weight, seminal vesicle weight and serum testosterone of mice were measured. Apoptosis and oxidative stress levels in seminal vesicle were also determined. Results After castration, both the weight and size of seminal vesicle decreased dramatically. The expression of three NADPH oxidase (NOX) subtypes: NOX1, NOX2 and NOX4, increased in seminal vesicle of castrated mice, resulting in high level oxidative stress. The ratio of Bax to Bcl-2 was also elevated after castration, accompanied by enhanced caspase3 activity. Additionally, castration increased the number of apoptotic cells in seminal vesicle. Curcumin treatment could inhibit the expression of NOX1, NOX2 and NOX4, decreasing oxidative stress and apoptosis. The atrophy of seminal vesicle caused by castration was ameliorated by curcumin. Conclusion Castration could cause atrophy of seminal vesicle probably via inducing oxidative stress. Curcumin treatment could reduce the oxidative stress in seminal vesicle by decreasing the expression of NOX1, NOX2 and NOX4, thereby ameliorating apoptosis and atrophy of seminal vesicle. Oxidative stress might play a role in castration-induced seminal vesicle atrophy.

scholarly journals Acute and subacute toxicity of the drug based on tylosin tartrate

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (94) ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
I. P. Patereha ◽  
V. I. Kushnir ◽  
M. I. Zhyla ◽  
O. M. Dubin
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Therapeutic Dose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Clinical State ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Γ Globulins ◽  
High Level

The article presents the results of a study of the acute and subacute toxicity of the drug TILOTAR (a water-soluble powder for oral administration) made on the basis of tilmicosin. As a result of the research it was found that the drug “TILOTAR” refers to the 4th class of toxicity, that is, to low-toxic substances. After intragastric administration of the drug to white mice and rats at doses of 2500, 5000, 7500 mg/kg, all animals remained alive. Short-term inhibition was recorded in laboratory animals, which were given the drug at the maximum dose. Further changes in the clinical state of the animals of the experimental groups were not observed. The study of subacute toxicity of the drug “TILOTAR” showed that 14-day administration of a therapeutic dose of the drug leads to a decrease in erythropoiesis, the appearance of old forms of erythrocytes, damage to hepatocytes, the appearance of eosinophils, γ-globulins, a decrease in protein biosynthesis, increased kidney function. The introduction of a 10-fold dose within 14 days reduced the body weight of the rats, leading to abnormalities in the liver and kidneys, and a decrease in the mass of the spleen. An increase in urea blood concentration and a decrease in creatinine may indicate impaired renal function in animals that were given a tenfold dose of the drug, and an increase in the level of α- and γ-globulins against the background of a decrease in body weight of rats indicates an overload of the body’s immune system. In rats of the therapeutic group, homeostasis was maintained by enhancing kidney function, accompanied by a decrease in the number of erythrocytes due to young forms and the appearance of mature erythrocytes with a high level of hemoglobin (MCH), some destruction of hepatocytes (high level of alkaline phosphatase activity) while reducing the amount of albumin, an increase in relative levels of α- and γ-globulins. In the conducted experiments it was established that the macroscopic and microscopic structure of the internal organs of rats, while studying the subacute toxicity of the drug “TILOTAR”, was preserved, no macroscopic changes were revealed. In rats receiving a 10-fold therapeutic dose of the drug for 14 days, focal protein dystrophy of the liver and kidneys was histologically established.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetic properties of an innovative nootropic agent based on a derivative of 3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
G.E. Brkich ◽  
N.V. Pyatigorskaya ◽  
V.V. Beregovykh ◽  
A.A. Nedorubov ◽  
O.V. Filippova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Dose Dependence ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Heterogeneous Distribution ◽  
Nootropic Agent ◽  
Distribution In Organs

The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of a derivative of 3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane exhibiting a nootropic effect, were studied after a single dose to rats. The pharmacokinetics of the compound was studied after oral and intravenous administration to 270 male rats Sprague Dawley at doses of 2.5 mg/kg, 13 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg. Its distribution in organs and tissues (brain, thymus, heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, and spleen) was also investigated. It was found that after a single intravenous administration, the investigated substance was determined in the blood of animals for 24 h; the half-life was 4.69 h. The relative bioavailability of the 3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane derivative after oral administration was 42.3%, thus suggesting the prospect of creating dosage forms for oral administration. After a single oral administration, the dose dependence of AUC0-t was exponential. The substance is characterized by heterogeneous distribution in the body with preferential accumulation mainly in well-vascularized tissues.

Nutrients Mediate Bioavailability and Turnover of Proteins in Mammals

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 661-665
Author(s):  
Cunxi Nie ◽  
Fei Xie ◽  
Ning Ma ◽  
Yueyu Bai ◽  
Wenju Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Dietary Proteins ◽  
Restricted Diet ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Utilization Of Protein ◽  
High Level ◽  
Protein Restricted Diet

As a major component of biologically active compounds in the body, proteins contribute to the synthesis of body tissues for the renewal and growth of the body. The high level of dietary protein and the imbalance of amino acid (AA) composition in mammals result in metabolic disorders, inefficient utilization of protein resources and increased nitrogen excretion. Fortunately, nutritional interventions can be an effective way of attenuating the nitrogen excretion and increasing protein utilization, which include, but are not limited to, formulating the AA balance and protein-restricted diet supplementing with essential AAs, and adding probiotics in the diet. This review highlights recent advances in the turnover of dietary proteins and mammal’s metabolism for health, in order to improve protein bioavailability through nutritional approach.

scholarly journals Sulpiride Serves, a Substrate for the Gut Microbiome

Dose-Response ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 155932582098794
Author(s):  
Imran Mukhtar ◽  
Haseeb Anwar ◽  
Osman Asghar Mirza ◽  
Qasim Ali ◽  
Muhammad Umar Ijaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Drug Target ◽  
Membrane Transporters ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Body Organ ◽  
Total Absorbance ◽  
Research World

In the contemporary research world, the intestinal microbiome is now envisioned as a new body organ. Recently, the gut microbiome represents a new drug target in the gut, since various orthologues of intestinal drug transporters are also found present in the microbiome that lines the small intestine of the host. Owing to this, absorbance of sulpiride by the gut microbiome in an in vivo albino rats model was assessed after the oral administration with a single dose of 20mg/kg b.w. The rats were subsequently sacrificed at 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 hours post oral administration to collect the gut microbial mass pellet. The drug absorbance by the gut microbiome was determined by pursuing the microbial lysate through RP-HPLC-UV. Total absorbance of sulpiride by the whole gut microbiome and drug absorbance per milligram of microbial pellet were found significantly higher at 4 hours post-administration as compared to all other groups. These results affirm the hypothesis that the structural homology between membrane transporters of the gut microbiome and intestinal epithelium of the host might play an important role in drug absorbance by gut microbes in an in vivo condition.

Making Up 3D Bodies

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Kiona Hagen Niehaus ◽  
Rebecca Fiebrink
Keyword(s):  
Software Tool ◽  
The Body ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Artistic Practice ◽  
Human Form ◽  
Modeling Systems ◽  
Exploratory Approach ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

This paper describes the process of developing a software tool for digital artistic exploration of 3D human figures. Previously available software for modeling mesh-based 3D human figures restricts user output based on normative assumptions about the form that a body might take, particularly in terms of gender, race, and disability status, which are reinforced by ubiquitous use of range-limited sliders mapped to singular high-level design parameters. CreatorCustom, the software prototype created during this research, is designed to foreground an exploratory approach to modeling 3D human bodies, treating the digital body as a sculptural landscape rather than a presupposed form for rote technical representation. Building on prior research into serendipity in Human-Computer Interaction and 3D modeling systems for users at various levels of proficiency, among other areas, this research comprises two qualitative studies and investigation of the impact on the first author's artistic practice. Study 1 uses interviews and practice sessions to explore the practices of six queer artists working with the body and the language, materials, and actions they use in their practice; these then informed the design of the software tool. Study 2 investigates the usability, creativity support, and bodily implications of the software when used by thirteen artists in a workshop. These studies reveal the importance of exploration and unexpectedness in artistic practice, and a desire for experimental digital approaches to the human form.

scholarly journals Replicative Deformed Wing Virus Found in the Head of Adults from Symptomatic Commercial Bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) Colonies

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Giovanni Cilia ◽  
Laura Zavatta ◽  
Rosa Ranalli ◽  
Antonio Nanetti ◽  
Laura Bortolotti
Keyword(s):  
Bombus Terrestris ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Deformed Wing Virus ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Specific Organ ◽  
Virus Localization ◽  
Juvenile Stages ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals

The deformed wing virus (DWV) is one of the most common honey bee pathogens. The virus may also be detected in other insect species, including Bombus terrestris adults from wild and managed colonies. In this study, individuals of all stages, castes, and sexes were sampled from three commercial colonies exhibiting the presence of deformed workers and analysed for the presence of DWV. Adults (deformed individuals, gynes, workers, males) had their head exscinded from the rest of the body and the two parts were analysed separately by RT-PCR. Juvenile stages (pupae, larvae, and eggs) were analysed undissected. All individuals tested positive for replicative DWV, but deformed adults showed a higher number of copies compared to asymptomatic individuals. Moreover, they showed viral infection in their heads. Sequence analysis indicated that the obtained DWV amplicons belonged to a strain isolated in the United Kingdom. Further studies are needed to characterize the specific DWV target organs in the bumblebees. The result of this study indicates the evidence of DWV infection in B. terrestris specimens that could cause wing deformities, suggesting a relationship between the deformities and the virus localization in the head. Further studies are needed to define if a specific organ could be a target in symptomatic bumblebees.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document