scholarly journals Heavy metals and the "Chernobyl trace" in the bottom sediments of the internal reservoir: The Gulf of Kaliningrad

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-217
Author(s):  
Nikolay A. Bogdanov ◽  
Oleg V. Bass ◽  
Olga A. Savostina ◽  
Boris V. Yermolayev ◽  
Sergey M. Lyapounov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Safe Level ◽  
Closed Area ◽  
Safe Limit ◽  
Kaliningrad Region

Introduction. The article contains the results of a study of environmental hazards and threats to public health from the accumulation of heavy metals (HM) and the activity of man-made and natural radionuclides (NRN) in the bottom sediments of the inner reservoir r - the Kaliningrad Bay at the turn of the XX-XXI centuries (1986-2019). The Consumption of polluted resources (seafood, bottom sediments as fertilizers, and mineral raw materials) can negatively affect residents’ health of not only this region. The problems are considered: 1) the mechanism and intensity of the long-term accumulation of Hg and other HMs, 2) the activity of the 137Cs isotope (“Chernobyl trace”) and NRN in comparison with the radiation state of the beach Sands in Latvia, 3) the biomedical threats from the factors considered. Results. The water’s closed area led to the role of the bay as a giant trap of sedimentary material and pollutants. Hg in the water reached dangerous concentrations of 0.15-0.6 mcg/l (MPC = 0.5 mcg/l). The accumulation of Hg in the bottom sediments of the Gulf estuary and Primorskaya Bay has reached a low level of pollution over 20 years (Norwegian criteria: from 50-90 to 155-252 mcg/kg) and has approached the safe limit - the target level (300 mcg/kg - the national, regional standard and Dutch lists of the pollutants). The Hg content also increased in the background (from 23 to 82 mcg/kg). The most dangerous foci of sanitary and toxicological hazard (Zc-t index (AgPbCoW) >6, up to 13) coincide with the borders of dangerous accumulation of the sum of HM (Zc(MnCrVNiCoAgZnPbSnW) >34, up to 61) and Hg (>100-150 mcg/kg). The initial activity of 137Cs in the Baltics decreased, Bq/kg: from 110 (beaches of Latvia) to 104 and 99 (bottom sediments; coasts of Lithuania, Kaliningrad region, and Poland). The specific activity of NRN in the bottom sediments of the Gulf (510-572 Bq/kg) is below the safe level (740 Bq/kg); handling them has no restrictions. Conclusions. An increase in the amount of Hg causes the danger. The trend requires research and monitoring, including Hg in seafood and biomonitoring.

BACKGROUND CONTENT OF TECHNOGENIC AND NATURAL RADIONUCLIDES IN DETOXIFYING AND BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-229
Author(s):  
G.А. Zhorov ◽  
◽  
L.L. Zakharova ◽  
V.N. Obryvin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Radioactive Isotopes ◽  
Active Substances

For correctly assess the effectiveness and safety of the use of sorption-detoxifying agents and feed additives intended for animals receiving feed with an excess content of toxicants, it is necessary to take into account the background levels of radionuclides, toxic elements, pesticides and other technogenic and natural pollutants in the studied substances. The need for such studies is due both to the existence of areas with a naturally elevated level of natural toxicants in the sources of raw materials for the production of additives and drugs, and to the increasing anthropogenic influence, accompanied by the entry of xenobiotics into environmental objects. In series of radiometric studies, the specific activity of technogenic and natural radioactive isotopes (90Sr, 137Cs, 40К, 226Ra, 232Th) in a number of sorption-detoxifying and biologically active substances and preparations used in animal husbandry and veterinary medicine as part of feed additives and pharmacological agents was determined. It was found that in 43% of the studied samples, the level of specific activity of 1,1Sr in 3-90 times higher than allowed by the current standards. The maximum level of 90Sr, equal to (137±9) Bq/kg, was detected in perlite. The specific activity of 137Cs did not exceed the permissible level: in mineral sorbents its amount reached (40±7) Bq/kg, in organic and complex sorbents – (24±4), and in feed additives – (29±8) Bq/kg. The maximum levels of 40K were (1429±83) Bq/ kg in minerals (radionite) and (2613±100) Bq/kg in organic substances (lignohumate). The levels of 226Ra and 232Th did not exceed (153±13) and (79±13) Bq/kg, respectively, and were higher in the mineral samples.

scholarly journals Environmental and radiation assessment of construction materials in Tyumen

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Elena Viktorovna Zakharova ◽  
Elena Viktorovna Gaevaya ◽  
Leonid Nikolaevich Skipin ◽  
Svetlana Sergeevna Tarasova ◽  
Vasilyа Zinnurovna Burlaenko
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Natural Radionuclide ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Crushed Stone ◽  
Natural Activity ◽  
Effective Activity

The current pace of construction leads to the use of large volumes of construction raw materials, which must meet the regulatory indicators, including radiation. High levels of natural radionuclide activity, both in construction and finishing materials, affect changes in the gamma radiation indicators in the premises, which can negatively affect the health of people living in such facilities. Ecological and radiation assessment of building materials for the content of natural radionuclides showed an increased natural activity of potassium-40. The maximum activity values were observed in samples of bricks and expanded clay, where they were 799,0 and 622,0 Bq/kg, respectively. The lowest specific activity of natural potassium was observed in the crushed stone sample (21,3 Bq/kg). The specific activity of thorium-232 in building materials ranged from 2,1 to 53,3 Bq/kg. The activity of radium-226 in all the studied samples ranged from 4,4 Bq/kg (crushed stone) to 55,6 Bq/kg (cement). The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides in the studied building materials does not exceed the standard values (370 Bq/kg), therefore, they can be used in all types of construction and reconstruction.

The Raw Building Materials’ Research Quantitative Characteristics Radioactivity in Volgograd Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 974 ◽  
pp. 342-349
Author(s):  
Ilya P. Mikhnev ◽  
Svetlana V. Mikhneva ◽  
Natalia A. Salnikova ◽  
Lev B. Lempert
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Self Organizing Maps ◽  
Network Training ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Specific Activities

The paper attempts to structure the raw materials for radioactivity using Kohonen self-organizing maps. The analysis was carried out on the data on the specific activities of natural radionuclides in the construction raw materials in the Volgograd region, as well as on the natural radionuclides specific effective activities calculated values. Unlike the traditional methods of analysis, the used methodology for assessing radioactivity is based on quantitative characteristics. As a result of the network training on data on the raw materials specific activities, a cluster map with segmentation by the natural radionuclides effective specific activity has been obtained. Based on the results obtained, the conclusions about the possibility and feasibility of using the algorithm used for the classification and analysis of data on the building materials radioactivity have been made.

scholarly journals Radioactivity, Metals Pollution and Mineralogy Assessment of a Beach Stretch from the Ionian Coast of Calabria (Southern Italy)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 12147
Author(s):  
Francesco Caridi ◽  
Giuseppe Paladini ◽  
Valentina Venuti ◽  
Vincenza Crupi ◽  
Salvatore Procopio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metals Pollution

In the present article, a case study is reported regarding an investigation carried out in order to assess radioactivity concentration, heavy metals pollution and mineralogy of a beach stretch extending from Soverato to Squillace municipalities of the Ionian coast of Calabria, South of Italy, a popular tourist destination, especially in summer. The analysis of radionuclides contents was performed by using a High Purity Germanium (HPGe) gamma-ray detector, in order to quantify the average specific activity of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K natural radionuclides and 137Cs anthropogenic radioisotope. The absorbed dose rate and the annual effective dose equivalent radiological hazard indices were also estimated. Furthermore, X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry measurements were carried out for the quantitative elemental analysis of the sand, in order to investigate any possible chemical pollution by heavy metals. For this aim, different indices such as Enrichment Factor (EF), Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), Contamination Factor (CF) and Pollution Load Index (PLI) were applied to estimate the level of toxicity imposed on the ecosystem by the detected heavy metals. Finally, in order to identify the crystalline mineral components of the investigated sand samples, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Micro-Raman Scattering (MRS) measurements were carried out.

scholarly journals Behaviour and distribution of heavy metals at the boundary of “water-bottom sediments” in mouth zones of rivers

2021 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 02016
Author(s):  
Anna Mikhailenko ◽  
Irina Dotsenko ◽  
Asya Ovsepyan ◽  
Alina Zimovets
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Methane Content ◽  
Anthropogenic Landscapes ◽  
Natural Man ◽  
Mouth Zone

The aquatic elementary landscapes of the Don and Northern Dvina Rivers mouth zones as arenas of mass transfer of heavy metals (HM) are studied. The results of long-term comprehensive studies of the authors, which included sampling of water and the upper layer of bottom sediments in order to determine the content of mercury, copper, methane, hydrogen sulfide, as well as pH and Eh values, are presented. According to the type of prevailing geochemical conditions and the level of anthropogenic impact, natural, man-made and natural-anthropogenic aquatic elementary landscapes are distinguished. The bottom water layers in both rivers were characterized by positive Eh values, but it should be noted that they were generally relatively low for surface watercourses. According to the values of the redox potential and the hydrogen index, the methane content and the total hydrogen sulfide, the presence of the following conditions is proved – oxygen, gley, hydrogen sulfide, oxygen-gley and gley-hydrogen sulfide. At the water - sediment interface, in most cases, there was a decrease in pH values by the first tenths of the values, while Eh usually decreased quite sharply, often to negative values. In terms of methane content, the bottom sediments of the aquatic elementary landscapes of the Don and Northern Dvina rivers were similar, while the concentration of total hydrogen sulfide was higher in the Don. It is shown that in the mouth zone of the Don and Northern Dvina rivers, in areas subject to constant organic pollution and eutrophication, there is an increase in the total content of mercury and copper in the bottom sediments. Higher concentrations of gross mercury will generally be found in natural and anthropogenic landscapes dominated by hydrogen sulfide and gley-hydrogen sulfide environments. The important role of microparticles of the polydisperse medium of bottom sediments in the deposition of copper and mercury is revealed.

scholarly journals MODERN CONTAMINATION OF BOTTOM SEDIMENTS AND ECOLOGICAL STATE OF MACROZOOBENTHOS IN THE COASTAL ZONE AT VLADIVOSTOK (PETER THE GREAT BAY, JAPAN SEA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 155-181
Author(s):  
A. V. Moshchenko ◽  
T. A. Belan ◽  
B. M. Borisov ◽  
T. S. Lishavskaya ◽  
A. V. Sevastianov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Peter The Great Bay ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Geochemical Background ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Safe Level ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
Golden Horn ◽  
Great Bay

Contamination of bottom sediments in Peter the Great Bay is spatially variable, but for majority of stations it exceeds the natural geochemical background and «safe» level with at least one pollutant, mainly with hydrocarbons, pesticides, cadmium and mercury. The main sources of contaminants are the waste discharge of Vladivostok and other cities (oil products, pesticides, phenols, heavy metals: Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, Zn) and rivers fall into the northern parts of Amur and Ussuri Bays (Co, Mn, Ni, Fe). The Golden Horn Bay and the Bosphorus East Strait are the most polluted areas, where concentrations of both heavy metals and hydrocarbons exceed the natural background and «safe» level considerably. The Amur Bay has moderate contamination, and the Ussuri Bay is contaminated slightly. Recently the chemical contamination and eutrophication are the main factors that determine the ecological status of bottom populations, though the former one is valid locally, in the most contaminated areas only.

Research of Activity of Natural Radionuclides in Construction Raw Materials of the Volgograd Region

2017 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.P. Mikhnev ◽  
N.A. Salnikova ◽  
M.B. Lempert
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Radiation Control ◽  
Volgograd Region

In article results of a complex research of activity of natural radionuclides in construction raw materials of the Volgograd region are stated. The analysis of frequency distribution of effective specific activity of natural radionuclides in construction materials was carried out. It was revealed that the population of the Volgograd region is more exposed to radiation from construction materials, than on average across Russia. The radiation control while developing and marketing of construction materials to is a possible way to decrease a dosage power in premises.

Activity Concentration of Radionuclides and Their Correlation with the Total Chemical Content of Soils

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-80
Author(s):  
Denis A. Kozyrev ◽  
Sergey N. Gorbov ◽  
Olga S. Bezuglova ◽  
Elena A. Buraeva ◽  
Suleiman S. Tagiverdiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
Increased Activity

The total heavy metal content and activity concentration of natural radionuclides were obtained in native and anthropogenically transformed soil of the Rostov agglomeration (south of the Russia). The specific activity of natural radionuclides in soils of the has been comparable with indicators typical for chernozems of the Rostov region. Increased activity of 40K, 232Th is observed in the upper horizons, which is due to the origin of the radionuclides themselves and fertilization in the agrogenic period of soils, before the specified areas were included in the urban area. The correlation between activity concentration of radionuclide and total content of heavy metals were derived by Spearman's Rank-Order Correlation. The study was revealed that the activity concentration of thorium and radium doesn’t provide significant correlation with the total content of heavy metals. The group of buried horizons have shown a positive correlation with naturally occurring 40K in contrast with humus horizon (AU). The carbonates-accumulating group of horizons (BCA, [BCA]) have random correlation sign by each of metals. The most significant correlation was observed for the B horizons group.

scholarly journals Mutual Occurrence and Dietary Exposure to Total Aflatoxin and Fumonisins in Bread: A Major Breakfast Bakery Product in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Apeh Daniel Ojochenemi ◽  
Umoh Patrick Oku ◽  
Makun Hussaini Anthony
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Total Aflatoxin ◽  
Health Damage ◽  
The World ◽  
Breakfast Food ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Safe Limit ◽  
Materials Used

Abstract Bread, which is a major breakfast food, has been documented to be susceptible to contamination by toxic fungi metabolites (mycotoxins) in various parts of the world. Total aflatoxins (AfT) and fumonisins (FB) are two important mycotoxins known for their ability to cause health damage to animals and humans when ingested through food over a long time. This study set out to determine the presence and level of these mycotoxins in bread produced and/or consumed within Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria. After extraction, ELISA was used to quantify the toxins in 30 samples of bread. The outcome showed 50% (15/30) contamination of bread samples by AfT and 93.3% (28/30) contamination by FB within the ranges 0.1-5.5 μg/kg and 10-220 μg/kg respectively. Three (3) of the bread samples were contaminated by AfT beyond the safe limit, while all the samples contaminated with FB were contaminated within the safe limit. The mutual occurrence of both toxins was recorded at 46.7%. EDI for AfT and FB were estimated to be 0.0048 μg/kg bw/day and 0.3379 μg/kg bw/day respectively while risk characterisation gave an estimated TDI% of 16.896% for FB. The results suggest that chronic toxic effects rather than acute toxicity could occur from long-term exposure to AfT and FB from bread. It is therefore advised that the raw materials used in bread manufacturing should be monitored and regulated for mycotoxins.

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