scholarly journals Changes in the indicators of chemical safety of drinking water in Ufa during its transportation to consumers

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-405
Author(s):  
Margarita Y. Vozhdaeva ◽  
Alfia R. Kholova ◽  
Ekaterina V. Vagner ◽  
Natal'ya V. Trukhanova ◽  
Igor A. Melnitskiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Dichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Chemical Safety ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Integral Indicator

Introduction. To conduct a total assessment of carcinogenic, non-carcinogenic, and organoleptic risks to public health and cover both normalized and non-normalized pollutants of potable water, based on the results of long-term monitoring studies, it is possible using an integral indicator of chemical harmlessness of water. Material and methods. Authors studied potable water of water intakes of surface and infiltration types from potable water reservoirs and remote zones of Ufa water distribution networks. Impurities were determined by chromatography, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, photometric, nephelometric, and titrimetric methods. Results. The main effect on the amount of carcinogenic risk in potable water of the surface water intake are chloroform, bromodichlethane, dichloroacetic acid, in the infiltration water intake - in addition to these compounds zinc, lead and chromium are in addition influenced. Organic compounds (phthalates, benz(a)pyrene, volatile aromatic compounds, etc.) have no effect on this type of risk due to the presence in water in low background concentrations. The identified number of individual carcinogenic risks for bromodichloroacetic acid and dichloroacetic acid according to the WHO classification corresponds to the second range. As the surface type water intake is removed from the potable water reservoir, the total carcinogenic risk of water decreases by 13-30%, and the infiltration type increases by 41-84%. Values of noncancerogenic and organoleptic risks are constant for potable water of different water intakes and correspond to recommended limit values. The excess of the maximum permissible concentrations (SanPin 1.2.3685-21) of individual substances in the potable water of the city has not been detected for the whole period of observation. In terms of the integral indicator of chemical harmlessness, the most favorable is the po-table water of the infiltration water intake, in the technology of which is mainly used the UV for decontamination of water. Conclusion. Using a risk assessment methodology complements the traditional approach to assessing water quality under modern hygiene standards. It becomes possible to evaluate the effect of pollutants of various classes on water quality when they are present together.

Emerging Potable Water Technologies

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuradha Baghel ◽  
Beer Singh
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Biological Weapons ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Chemical Safety ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
Ultra Filtration

Water is essential to keep up life, especially safe drinking water is one of the first priorities. As water quality is important, many nations endeavor to guard the water and to increase access to potable water. Fortification of water supplies from contamination is the earliest stripe of defence. Water purification is very important aspect, presently there are number of drinking water technologies available mostly based on ion exchange, ultra filtration and reverse osmosis techniques, but still about five million people die annually from water born diseases. The objective of this review is to provide direction on the chemical safety of drinking-water and also monitoring of chemicals in drinking-water. Water treatment potential technologies can solve diverse drinking water issues in case of chemical contamination, which is the second objective. The purpose of this review is to make survey of currently available and future emerging technologies for drinking water. Several purification techniques have been adopted to meet the standards. There is a necessity of wide-ranging global approach to tackle the problem of water pollution devastating thousand of lives annually rather than to develop nuclear and biological weapons. This document will also be useful to public health authorities, those responsible for setting standards and for surveillance of drinking-water quality, and to water supply agencies responsible for water quality management.

Исследование влияния изменения ионного состава воды на дзета-потенциал и окислительно-восстановительный потенциал

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Kichigin ◽  
I. Egorova ◽  
N. Atanov
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Redox Potential ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Ion Composition ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
The City

Приведены результаты исследований питьевой воды системы централизованного водоснабжения г. Самары. При определении органолептических показателей качества воды было выявлено увеличение цветности исходных проб на 13 град в пределах погрешности метода измерения. Это может быть связано с высоким содержанием железа и его соединений или гуминовых веществ в пробах в дни проведения эксперимента, а также с высоким физическим износом водопроводных сетей (как уличных, так и внутри здания) и общим ростом цветности воды в Саратовском водохранилище в районе г. Самары за последние годы. Установлена зависимость -потенциала от величины окислительно-восстановительного потенциала и ионного состава воды. Определен физико-химический состав изучаемой воды, сделан анализ полученных результатов. В ходе исследований дополнительно определялись такие показатели, как pH, температура, мутность и щелочность для получения полной картины качества воды. Установлено соответствие всех изучаемых показателей воды нормам СанПиН 2.1.4.1074-01 Питьевая вода. Гигиенические требования к качеству воды централизованных систем питьевого водоснабжения. Контроль качества . Приведены математические зависимости между -потенциалом, жесткостью, содержанием анионов и катионов в исследуемой воде с достоверностью аппроксимации R2 не ниже 0,83. Это позволяет рассчитать ионный состав и мутность питьевой воды г. Самары только по величине -потенциала или окислительно-восстановительного потенциала без проведения дорогостоящих трудоемких химических анализов. Предлагаемый метод рекомендуется использовать в качестве экспресс-анализа питьевой воды.The results of studies of drinking water in the public water supply system of the city of Samara are presented. While determining the organoleptic indicators of the water quality, an increase in color of the initial samples by 13 degrees within the procedural error was revealed. This may be due to the high concentration of iron and its compounds or humic substances in the samples on the days of the experiment, as well as to the high physical deterioration of the water distribution networks (both street networks and plumbing in the buildings), and the general increase in water color in the Saratov water reservoir in the city of Samara in recent years. The dependence of the -potential on the redox potential value and ion composition of water is established. The physicochemical composition of the studied water is determined, an analysis of the results is carried out. In the course of the research, such indicators as pH, temperature, turbidity and alkalinity were additionally determined to obtain an aggregate picture of the water quality. The compliance of all studied water indicators with the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01 Drinking water. Hygienic requirements for water quality of centralized drinking water supply systems. Quality control was confirmed. Mathematical dependences between the -potential, hardness, and the concentration of anions and cations in the water under study are given with an approximation authenticity R2 higher than 0.83. This allows calculating the ion composition and turbidity of drinking water in Samara only by the value of the -potential or redox potential without expensive labor-intensive chemical analyzes. The proposed method is recommended to be used as an express analysis of drinking water.

Влияние экологического состояния водоисточника на режим работы водопроводных очистных сооружений

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bykova ◽  
I. Egorova ◽  
A. Strelkov ◽  
L. Talovyria ◽  
O. Nesterenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Water Quality Control ◽  
Water Abstraction ◽  
The City

При изучении качества воды источника водоснабжения г. Самары Саратовского водохранилища особое внимание было уделено основным показателям, влияющим на выбор реагентной обработки: мутность, перманганатная окисляемость и цветность. Сезонные изменения качества воды водохранилища требуют постоянной корректировки дозы реагентов с целью достижения нормативных требований к качеству очищенной воды. Приводятся результаты производственных исследований изменения качества воды Саратовского водохранилища в створе водозаборов г. Самары за 20172019 годы по мутности, перманганатной окисляемости и цветности. В связи с аномальными температурными перепадами и наступлением осеннего паводка (конец декабря 2019 г. и январь 2020 г.) резко изменилось качество воды водохранилища по цветности и перманганатной окисляемости. Отмечено, что увеличение указанных показателей потребовало повышения дозы реагентов при очистке исходной воды. Оптимальная доза реагентов постоянно коректируется в зависимости от состава исходной воды на флокуляторе Lovibond ЕТ-750 . Регулярное проведение пробного коагулирования позволило поддерживать качество очищенной воды в соответствии с нормативными требованиями СанПиН 2.1.4.1074-01 Питьевая вода. Контроль качества , кроме цветности и железа общего, так как превышение этих показателей наблюдалось в пределах погрешности методов измерения.While studying the water quality of the water source of the city of Samara the Saratov water reservoir, special attention was paid to the main indicators that influence the choice of chemical treatment: turbidity, permanganate index and color. Seasonal changes in the water quality of the water reservoir require constant adjustment of the chemical dose in order to meet the regulatory requirements to the quality of treated water. The results of the studies of changes in the water quality of the Saratov reservoir at the water abstraction points of the city of Samara for 20172019 by turbidity, permanganate index and color are presented. Due to the abnormal temperature differences and onset of autumn flood (end of December 2019 and January 2020), the water quality in the water reservoir dramatically changed in color and permanganate index. It was noted that an increase in these indicators required an increase in the dose of chemicals during the source water purification. The optimal dose of chemicals is selected with Lovibond ET-750 flocculator depending on the composition of the source water. Regular test coagulation allowed maintaining the quality of purified water in accordance with the regulatory requirements of SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01 Drinking water. Quality control , except for color and total iron since the values of these indicators were increased within the measurement accuracy.

Influence of Anthropogenic Pressures on Groundwater Quality from a Rural Area

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1744-1748
Author(s):  
Catalina Stoica ◽  
Gabriela Geanina Vasile ◽  
Alina Banciu ◽  
Daniela Niculescu ◽  
Irina Lucaciu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Physico Chemical

During the past few decades, the anthropogenic activities induced worldwide changes in the ecological systems, including the aquatic systems. This work analysed the contamination level of groundwater resources from a rural agglomeration (Central-Western part of Prahova County) by biological and physico-chemical approaches. The study was performed during the autumn of 2016 on several sampling sites (four drilling wells, depth higher than 100 m supplying three villages; two wells lower than 10 m depth and one spring). The water quality was evaluated by comparison with the limit values of the drinking water quality legislation (Law no.458/2002) and the Order 621/2014 (applicable to all groundwater bodies of Romania). The results showed that phenols and metals (iron and manganese) exceeded the threshold values in all sampling sites. Moreover, the anthropogenic factors including agriculture, use of fertilizers, manures, animal husbandry led to an increase of the bacterial load, particularly at wells sites.

The Design of Water Intake System and Analysis of Water Quality Conditions of the Regional Energy System of Complex River Water Source Heat Pump

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Pengfei Si ◽  
Xiangyang Rong ◽  
Angui Li ◽  
Xiaodan Min ◽  
Zhengwu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
River Water ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Regional Energy ◽  
Heat Pump Unit

As a realization of the energy cascade utilization, the regional energy system has the significant potential of energy saving. As a kind of renewable energy, river water source heat pump also can greatly reduce the energy consumption of refrigeration and heating system. Combining the regional energy and water source heat pump technology, to achieve cooling, heating and power supply for a plurality of block building is of great significance to reduce building energy consumption. This paper introduces a practical engineering case which combines the regional energy system of complex river water source heat pump, which provides a detailed analysis of the hydrology and water quality conditions of the river water source heat pump applications, and discusses the design methods of water intake and drainage system. The results show that the average temperature of cold season is about 23.5 °C, the heating season is about 13.2 °C; the abundant regional water flow can meet the water requirement of water source heat pump unit; the sediment concentration index cannot meet the requirement of river water source heat pump if the water enters the unit directly; the river water chemistry indicators (pH, Cl-, SO42-, total hardness, total iron) can meet the requirement of river water source heat pump, and it is not required to take special measures to solve the problem. However, the problem of sediment concentration of water must be solved.

scholarly journals A peep into the state of ground water quality in the district of Tiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu, India, from a radiological and chemical toxicity perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Durai Ganesh ◽  
G. Senthilkumar ◽  
P. Eswaran ◽  
M. Balakrishnan ◽  
S. N. Bramha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Uranium Concentration ◽  
The State ◽  
Chemical Toxicity ◽  
Ground Water Quality ◽  
Led Fluorimeter

AbstractUranium concentration in the ground water samples from the district of Tiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu, was measured using an LED fluorimeter. All the samples were qualified as potable water from the radiological perspective. Though some samples showed mild chemical toxicity, they are still safe for ingestion. Different risk coefficients were calculated, and they were compared with recommended safety limits specified by various agencies. Software tools such as QGIS 15, GraphPad Prism 8 and Surfer 15 were employed for developing maps and plots.

scholarly journals Optimal Water Quality Sensor Placement by Accounting for Possible Contamination Events in Water Distribution Networks

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 1999
Author(s):  
Malvin S. Marlim ◽  
Doosun Kang
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Sensor Placement ◽  
Pso Algorithm ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Protection Measure ◽  
Contamination Events

Contamination in water distribution networks (WDNs) can occur at any time and location. One protection measure in WDNs is the placement of water quality sensors (WQSs) to detect contamination and provide information for locating the potential contamination source. The placement of WQSs in WDNs must be optimally planned. Therefore, a robust sensor-placement strategy (SPS) is vital. The SPS should have clear objectives regarding what needs to be achieved by the sensor configuration. Here, the objectives of the SPS were set to cover the contamination event stages of detection, consumption, and source localization. As contamination events occur in any form of intrusion, at any location and time, the objectives had to be tested against many possible scenarios, and they needed to reach a fair value considering all scenarios. In this study, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was selected as the optimizer. The SPS was further reinforced using a databasing method to improve its computational efficiency. The performance of the proposed method was examined by comparing it with a benchmark SPS example and applying it to DMA-sized, real WDNs. The proposed optimization approach improved the overall fitness of the configuration by 23.1% and showed a stable placement behavior with the increase in sensors.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document