scholarly journals Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical Screening, Formulation and Evaluation of Nanophytosomes of Aqueous Extracts of Trigonella foenum graecum., (Fabaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anitha Pramanayakam ◽  
Arjunkumar Panneerselvam
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Natural Drugs

Traditional approach is the one of the emerging field of biomedical sciences. In this research work, we have evaluated the traditional approaches of the ancient healer plant T. foenum graecum belonging to fabaceae family. The leaves of T. Foenum graecum was subjected to extraction process, phytochemical analysis, preparation of phytosome and evaluation of its characterization. The scientific data shows that, leave extracts contain flavonoids, alkaloids and glycosides etc., Nanophytosome was prepared by thin layer lipid hydration method. The preparation was evaluated for DSC, FTIR, SEM, TEM and particle size analysis. Recently, Nanophytosome methodology has been fruitfully applied over several well-known natural drugs such as ginseng, green tea hawthorn, olive oil and grape seed etc. Indeed, phytosome are superior to conventional drug delivery systems in terms of the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties. This research, we discusses the various aspects, components, methods of preparation of phytosome and their marketed formulations, therapeutic applications along with the recent research work reported on this technology.

Size Reduction of Clay Particles in Nanometer Dimensions

2002 ◽  
Vol 740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopinath Mani ◽  
Qinguo Fan ◽  
Samuel C. Ugbolue ◽  
Isabelle M. Eiff
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Laser Diffraction ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Nano Size

ABSTRACTThis research work focuses on combining ball milling and ultrasonication to produce nano-size clay particles. Our work also emphasizes on increasing the specific surface area of montmorillonite clay particles by reducing the particle size to nanometer dimensions. We have characterized the as-received clay particles by using particle size analysis based on laser diffraction and found that the size of the clay particles is not consistent and the particle size distribution is very broad. However, after the unique treatment and processing, the clay particles were obtained in nanometer dimensions with narrowed particle size distribution.

scholarly journals Improvement of the mechanical performance of Fergoug dam sediments treated for reuse in road engineering

2018 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 01031
Author(s):  
LAROUCI Abdelkader ◽  
SENHADJI Yassine ◽  
LAOUFI Laïd ◽  
BENAZZOUK Amar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
National Agency ◽  
Road Engineering ◽  
Western Algeria

The phenomenon of siltation is one of the main problems facing many dams throughout the world, and particularly in Algeria. The mud, before and even after extraction, is always harmful. Indeed, mud is a harmful material, first for dams, because it reduces their capacity of water storage, and second, for the environment following the desilting operations that generate large quantities of materials that occupy and sometimes pollute large areas. However, these materials can be exploited differently and used in other fields. The envisaged research work relates to real cases of silted dams, such as the dam of Fergoug (western Algeria) whose siltation rate is very high; it is estimated at 97% of its initial capacity which, according to the National Agency for Dams (Agence Nationale des Barrages - ANB), is equal to 18 million m3. The large quantities of silt extracted present an environmental problem, and its use as a local raw material for the manufacture of civil engineering materials can contribute to solve this problem. The vulnerable lands of the sub-catchment of Wadi Fergoug (Fergoug River) extend over an area of 122 km2, from a total surface of 8340 km2 for the dam catchment area. There is a great diversity of superficial formations with predominantly clay soils from marly formations. The rate of specific erosion has increased to 160 T/ km2/ year due to irregular annual rainfall resulting from a succession of dry and wet years. Sedimentary materials, which are found in considerable quantities, were collected at the foot of the dam, on its right bank. This study attempts to find a recycling pathway for these sediments. The objective of the present work is to investigate the behavior of silt from the dam of Fergoug (Algeria) for the purpose of using it in road construction (foundation and base layers). The method adopted is to reconstitute, in the laboratory, samples of mixtures containing road aggregates with different proportions of silt. These samples are then subjected to various tests (Normal modified Proctor, Atterberg limits, VBS, Particle size analysis, Sedimentation, DRX etc …). The results of the tests indicate that some of the prepared mixtures present very interesting properties. These results satisfy the current recommendations of the technical guides; they also corroborate their use in road construction.

scholarly journals Improving Dyeing Properties of Cotton Fabrics to Natural Dyes with Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNCs) [Mejora de las propiedades de teñido de telas de algodón a tintes naturales con nanocristales de celulosa (CNC)]

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Rumesh Samarawickrama ◽  
U.G.S. Wijayapala ◽  
N.D. Wanasekara ◽  
C.A.N. Fernando
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Natural Dyes ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Colour Fastness

Natural dyes can make less environmental problems associated with manufactured colouring agents and textile dyeing. But, the natural dyes fixing process was used chemicals called mordant. The most of times mordants were used metallic salts and metal salts mordants were not environmentally friendly. Therefore, remove the disadvantage associated with natural colorants and the use of nanoparticles. In this research, cotton fabric was treated with the nanoparticle of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as mordant. The cellulose nanocrystals extraction process was done by using Whatman filter paper. The cellulose nanocrystals obtained will be further analyzed and characterized by using selected tools such as Particle size analysis and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The cotton fabrics mordanting processes were done by two types of pre-mordanting and post-mordanting methods. The three natural ingredients of Mangifera indica (Mango) leaves, Tectona grandis (Teak) leaves and Lannea coromandelica (Indian ash tree) leaves were used to extract the natural dyes using with aqueous extraction method. The extracts from dyeing processes were carried out after and before mordanting processes. The dyed sample from colour fastness to light, washing, and crocking were assessed according to standard methods. The cellulose nanocrystals gave very good colour fastness to light, wash, and rubbing when dyed with all three dye extractions. In the present study, innovative mordant of cellulose nanocrystals and natural dyeing with three natural dye extractions have been shown to give good dyeing results with cotton fabric.

Development of Olanzapine Nano-Emulsion for Enhanced Brain Delivery

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1648-1659
Author(s):  
Madhusudan Rao Y ◽  
Shailaja M ◽  
Ramakrishna S ◽  
Ramesh G ◽  
K H Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Nano Emulsion

The main objective of the present research work was to design, optimize and characterize olanzapine loaded nano-emulsion for improved brain transport of the drug.   Olanzapine nano-emulsion was formulated using the ultrasonication method. The formulation variables (oil and surfactant) and process variables (ultrasonication time) were optimized by Response surface methodology using the Box-Behnken statistical method. Particle size, polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential were measured by photon correlation spectroscopy using a Malvern zeta sizer. Morphology of emulsion droplets was examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Release study was performed and drug release was estimated by HPLC method. Stability studies were performed at 4oC-25oC for a period of three months. The optimized nano-emulsion obtained showed a uniform size distribution with an average size in the range of 65.1 nm to 74.21 nm and surface charge in the range of –18.9 mv to – 25.23 mv. The Transmission electron microscopy studies on olanzapine nano-emulsion revealed a spherical morphology of globules. An average of 91.91% of drug was released from the optimized formulation over a period of 24 hours. The particle size analysis after three months showed no significant change implying that the nano-emulsion was quite stable when stored at room temperature. Stable olanzapine nano-emulsion was formulated. The novel nanoformulation was found to be a potential vehicle for delivery of olanzapine to the brain.

Synthesis, characterization, application and band gap study of calcium mercaptosuccinate

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1056-1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Kannammal ◽  
S Palanikumar ◽  
B Meenarathi ◽  
R Anbarasan
Keyword(s):  
Band Gap ◽  
Metal Salt ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Experimental Conditions

In the present investigation, a new material was used for the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ∊-caprolactone (∊-CL) as a chemical initiator. Generally, the metal salt initiated ROP of ∊-CL yielded a polymer with high melting temperature ( Tm). By keeping this idea in mind, the present research work was carried out. The PCL was synthesized under two different experimental conditions like Monomer to Initiator Ratio ([M/I]) and temperature variation. The optical band gap ( Eg) value for a hybrid was found to be reduced whereas after making composites the same was increased due to the encapsulation effect. The Tm of Poly Caprolactone (PCL) was varied between 68.5°C and 71.4°C. The PCL composites synthesized above were characterized by various analytical tools like Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (proton and carbon-13), particle size analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The Eg value was increased with the increase in [M/I] ratio due to the decrease in calcium content.

Simultaneous Effect of Ultrasonic and Chemical Treatment on the Extraction of Nanocellulose From Sugarcane Bagasse

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 146-151
Author(s):  
A'yunil Hisbiyah ◽  
Lilik Nurfadlilah
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Simultaneous Effect ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Intramolecular Hydrogen

The focus of this study was the simultaneous effect of ultrasonic and chemical treatment on the extraction of nanocellulose from sugarcane bagasse. Ultrasonic waves can accelerate the dispersion process of nanocellulose particles so that extraction runs faster and is environmentally friendly. The bagasse was treated by chemical treatment with ultrasonic waves, and then the nanocellulose was prepared using acid hydrolysis with ultrasonic waves. The effect of ultrasonication was investigated. The crystallinity of sugarcane bagasse, cellulose, and nanocellulose was analyzed by X-ray diffraction. Based on the diffractogram, there was an increase in the crystallinity of nanocellulose. The chemical composition of extracted cellulose and nanocellulose was analyzed by Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy. The results of the analysis showed that lignin and hemicellulose were removed from the bagasse during the extraction process. The analysis results also showed that the breaking of intramolecular hydrogen and glycosidic bonds occurred during the hydrolysis process. The morphology of bagasse, cellulose, and nanocellulose was analyzed by Scanning electron microscopy. While the particle size of nanocellulose was analyzed by the Particle Size Analysis instrument. The average size of nanocellulose particles was 132.67 nm.

scholarly journals Influence of Process Variables on Budesonide Nanoparticles Using Factorial Design

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-71
Author(s):  
Ashwin Kuchekar ◽  
Jayesh Jathar ◽  
Ashwini Gawade ◽  
Bhanudas Kuchekar
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Poloxamer 188

Aims: Nanoparticles are the colloidal carrier systems for delivery of poorly soluble drugs. Budesonide. (BUD) a corticosteroid practically insoluble in water is used in asthma treatment. The aim of the present research work was to develop and evaluate BUD nanoparticles. Methodology: The prepared formulation was analyzed for % encapsulation efficiency, particle size analysis, zeta potential, polydispersity index (PDI), scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Poloxamer-188 was found in stabilizing BUD nanoparticles. Results: The observed % encapsulation efficiency of the optimized batch was (82.95) %, particle size was 271.8 nm with PDI 0.456. Solvent injection method was successfully implemented to developed BUD nanoparticles poloxamer-188. Sonication time and amplitude played an important role in governing the particle size. Conclusion: It can be inferred from the study that nanoparticles are a potential drug delivery method for poorly water-soluble drug delivery which can not only get impacted by formulation variables but also by process variables.

Characterization of Al/SiC Nanocomposite Prepared by Mechanical Alloying Method

2007 ◽  
Vol 553 ◽  
pp. 257-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Shokuhfar ◽  
M.R. Dashtbayazi ◽  
M.R. Alinejad ◽  
Tolou Shokuhfar
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Research Work ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
High Energy Ball Mill ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
Nanocomposite Powders

In this research work, a high-energy ball mill has been applied to prepare an Al/SiC nanocomposite. The formation mechanism of the nanocomposite was investigated. This nanocomposite contained the nanocrystalline characteristics. Crystallite size, lattice strain and particle size of the nanocomposite as a function of milling time were determined. SEM micrographs showed that the nanocomposite powders agglomerated after milling. The particle size analysis confirmed the agglomeration of the nanocomposite particles. TEM observations showed that the SiC particles were in the nanometer size and these particles embedded in the Al matrix, and the nanocomposite produced in the final stage of mechanical alloying. In addition, a simple model checked for the refinement of the crystallite and the particle size of nanocomposite.

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