scholarly journals Colonialism, Collective Memory, and Memory Politics: Critical Reflections on Narratives and Public Archives of the Algerian War

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-104
Author(s):  
Edad Mercier
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Public History ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
War Crimes ◽  
Algerian War ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
National Narratives ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
Public Archives ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose: The article examines the trial of French General Paul Aussaresses (b. 1918, d. 2013) in the 2000s for war crimes committed during the Algerian War (1954 to 1962). Approach/Methodology/Design: A historiographical analysis covering topics such as colonialism, public memory, collective memory, counter-narratives, education, forgetting, and authenticity. Findings: Public history without individual memories or lived experiences of communities that have survived historical events can be viewed as inauthentic. It might even be called propaganda to present only state state-sanctioned accounts of historical events. Many governments will consequently enact laws to distinguish between what constitutes official national narratives—and what remains peripheral, or perhaps extremist individual, historical accounts. Practical Implications: This paper contributes to the scholarly literature examining oral testimonials in political and war crime tribunals, and the ethics of conducting public history research using media archives. Originality/value: Towards a greater understanding of collective memory processes, the case of the Algerian War reveals the constant negotiations, formal networks, and informal channels used to distinguish between legitimate and illegitimate sources of historical memory—and the consequences on culture, law, and society.

Alexander Chubaryan and Conflicts in the Field of European Historical Memory

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11 (109)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Viktor Ishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Educational Literature ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Development And Evolution

The article raises the question of the possibility of the existence of a pan-European historical memory, analyzes the features of the development and evolution of the content of the European narrative of historical memory in the late 20th — early 21st centuries and the historical policy of a number of countries. It is shown first of all on the example of the textbook for Russian and German teachers “Russia — Germany. Milestones of joint history in collective memory”, how through joint work on educational literature on history, Russian academics and their colleagues from some European countries manage to find consensus on complex debatable issues of interpretation of historical events. The role of Russian academy of Sciences member Alexander Chubaryan in the development and dissemination of this form of international cooperation of historians is revealed.

scholarly journals Powstanie Warszawskie i obóz Durchgangslager 121 w Pruszkowie widziane oczami wysiedlonych mieszkańców Warszawy i okolic. Doświadczenia indywidualne a współczesna pamięć społeczna

10.24917/3920 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 90-104
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Praga
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Public History ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Childhood Memories ◽  
War Narratives ◽  
The People ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
War Memories

Warsaw Uprising and Durchgangslager 121 in Pruszków as seen by deported citizens. Individual experiences vs contemporary public history Warsaw Uprising 70th anniversary is a time to remember that the events which took place in 1944 should be considered in full context, without skipping any aspects. So far forgotten were the civilians of the Warsaw uprising and what happened to them; however their fate did not stop at the signing of capitulation. What people mainly remember from the Warsaw uprising is Durchgangslager 121 in Pruszków, the transition camp to which all the inhabitants of the burning capital city were sent. This paper presents and analyzes sample protocols, relationships, testimonies, memories and documented and archived diaries since August 1944 to today. The image emerging from them, even though the facts, people and events concur, isn’t a homogeneous one. It’s composed of many bits of memories – individual memories, collective memory, childhood memories, or the memories of the residents of particular neighborhoods in Warsaw. What characterizes these documents? When did they appear? What makes war narratives created over the period of 70 years different? How is the third generation’s contemporary collective memory being shaped? The attempt to answer these questions is the starting point for future large-scale interdisciplinary researches.Key words: The Warsaw uprising; deportation of the people of Warsaw; transition camp Durchgangslager (Dulag) 121 in Pruszków; historical memory; war memories;

Appropriation des Savoirs et Mémoire Collective

2013 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Sophie Richardot
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Factorial Analysis ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Memoire Collective ◽  
Obedience To Authority

The aim of this study is to understand to what extent soliciting collective memory facilitates the appropriation of knowledge. After being informed about Milgram’s experiment on obedience to authority, students were asked to mention historical or contemporary events that came to mind while thinking about submission to authority. Main results of the factorial analysis show that the students who do not believe in the reproducibility of the experimental results oppose dramatic past events to a peaceful present, whereas those who do believe in the reproducibility of the results also mention dramatic contemporary events, thus linking past and present. Moreover, the students who do not accept the results for today personify historical events, whereas those who fully accept them generalize their impact. Therefore, according to their attitude toward this objet of knowledge, the students refer to two kinds of memory: a “closed memory,” which tends to relegate Milgram’s results to ancient history; and an “open memory,” which, on the contrary, transforms past events into a concept that helps them understand the present. Soliciting collective memory may contribute to the appropriation of knowledge provided the memory activated is an “open” one, linking past to present and going beyond the singularity of the event.

Populism and Memory: Legislation of the Past in Poland, Ukraine, and Russia

2021 ◽  
pp. 088832542095080
Author(s):  
Nikolay Koposov
Keyword(s):  
Soft Power ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Crimes Against Humanity ◽  
National Narratives ◽  
Politics Of Memory ◽  
Democratic Culture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
The Holocaust

This article belongs to the special cluster “Here to Stay: The Politics of History in Eastern Europe”, guest-edited by Félix Krawatzek & George Soroka. The rise of historical memory, which began in the 1970s and 1980s, has made the past an increasingly important soft-power resource. At its initial stage, the rise of memory contributed to the decay of self-congratulatory national narratives and to the formation of a “cosmopolitan” memory centered on the Holocaust and other crimes against humanity and informed by the notion of state repentance for the wrongdoings of the past. Laws criminalizing the denial of these crimes, which were adopted in “old” continental democracies in the 1980s and 1990s, were a characteristic expression of this democratic culture of memory. However, with the rise of national populism and the formation of the authoritarian or semi-authoritarian regimes in Russia, Turkey, Hungary, and Poland in the 2000s and 2010s, the politics of memory has taken a significantly different turn. National populists are remarkably persistent in whitewashing their countries’ history and using it to promote nationalist mobilization. This process has manifested itself in the formation of new types of memory laws, which shift the blame for historical injustices to other countries (the 1998 Polish, the 2000 Czech, the 2010 Lithuanian, the June 2010 Hungarian, and the 2014 Latvian statutes) and, in some cases, openly protect the memory of the perpetrators of crimes against humanity (the 2005 Turkish, the 2014 Russian, the 2015 Ukrainian, the 2006 and the 2018 Polish enactments). The article examines Russian, Polish, and Ukrainian legislation regarding the past that demonstrates the current linkage between populism and memory.

War and Memory in the Napoleonic Wars

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Napoleonic Wars ◽  
The Arts ◽  
National Memory ◽  
Occupied Territories ◽  
Ultimate Failure ◽  
National Identity Formation

The Napoleonic Wars took place from 1802 to 1815 and fundamentally altered the political, social, cultural, and military structures of Europe and, to a lesser extent, the rest of the world. This created a collective memory that influenced, and continues to influence, the modern world in a myriad of ways. The conflicts were a continuation of the French Revolutionary Wars, which bear their own collective and historical memory. They involved nearly every power in Europe, affecting them each to varying degrees. Political and legal systems changed, both as a result of Revolutionary ideals and the introduction of the Code Napoléon. Nationalism and national identity formation accelerated during the period, often benefiting from opposition to Napoleon or the destruction of existing systems wrought by the Revolutionary spirit that French armies brought to occupied territories, spurring the creation of national memory wherever they appeared. Napoleon and his power, undeniable genius, success, and ultimate failure have proven an irresistible and enduring figure of autobiographical and biographical memory in realms as diverse as fiction, wargaming, and history, both popular and academic. The methods of his armies became the paradigm for contemporary militaries, and their legacy continues to form the bedrock of collective, institutional, and popular memory. The arts contain their own cultural memory of Napoleon, many of which remain current. Collectively, the various aspects of the cultural and historical memory of the Napoleonic Wars have become a part of many important areas of history and historiography. As a result, works on Napoleon, his empire, and the Napoleonic Wars are voluminous and grow significantly every year.

Landscapes of belonging : Cuban ethnicity, class, and community

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Joshua E. Olsberg
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Life Stories ◽  
Personal Life ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
Cultural Spaces ◽  
The University

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] This dissertation compares the life stories of Cubans in Miami, Florida and Baracoa, Cuba to explore how Cubans in different cultural spaces define their communities and sense of belonging. The study finds that collective memory and public narratives in those communities are shaped by political and historical events, and that elements of the community's broader history become part of our personal life stories.

scholarly journals Contemporary information social risks in the post-modern era

Upravlenie ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 112-120
Author(s):  
L. V. Tcerkasevich ◽  
E. A. Makarenko
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Economic Resource ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Depth Study

The article analyses the global social risks related to the expansion of information technologies, mass digitalisation, and the accessibility of sources of all information. The possibility of risky situations arising in different areas of society under postmodern conditions has been demonstrated. This is due to the massive spread of information and Internet technology, global changes in the structure of values of modern society, and the reassessment of a number of historical events and characters by some social groups. The focus is on the destruction of traditional mechanisms for transmitting social experience and memory and the transformation of perceptions of history through the use of virtual forms of communication. A different, own interpretation of historical events, the liberation of historical knowledge from politicisation and mythologisation can lead to risks of distortion of historical memory and even to conflicting situations of interpretation of the past. Case studies show that this, in turn, can lead to a set of risks in the economic sphere, for example: the risk of a situation of global redistribution of economic resources, the risk of losing the source of legitimacy of an economic resource, the risk of loss the reputation of a memory entity. These processes negatively affect social stability in society and distort the integrity of historical memory.Particular attention is paid to the topic of cognitive transformation risk related to the mass use of virtual media in the educational process. On the one hand, they are an effective teaching tool based on rapid search, transformation and storage of learning information. But, on the other hand, practice shows that knowledge loses its consistency and becomes “mosaic”, “clichéd”. The consequences of these processes are of a lasting nature and require further in-depth study by the scientific community, including psychologists, educators, and sociologists.

Malaysian generational cohorts in the new media era: historical events and collective memory

Media Asia ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Hasrina Mustafa ◽  
Sharifah Nadiah Syed Mukhiar ◽  
Shariffah Suraya Syed Jamaludin ◽  
Norhani Mohd Jais
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Generational Cohorts ◽  
Historical Events

The Background, Development and Problems of Public History in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Meng
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Public History ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Contemporary China ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Academic History ◽  
New Institutions ◽  
China Today ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This article traces the origins and development of public history in China, from its roots in historical memory in pre-modern times, through its role in shaping the nation in the period of modernization, to the emergence of histories of everyday life and popular histories in China today. It raises questions about what is public history in contemporary China, particularly the relationship between popular and academic history and the formalization of the field as seen in new institutions and a new journal.

Spontaneous Memorials, Museums, and Public History: Memorialization of September 11, 2001 at the Pentagon

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth L. Greenspan
Keyword(s):  
Public History ◽  
September 11 ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Collective Memories

This essay explores the spontaneous memorialization of the events of September 11, 2001 at the Pentagon. It examines the different ways in which public historians have played a role in the memorialization effort by collecting (or not collecting) memorial objects from the destruction site, curating exhibits with these objects, and creating memorial archives. It explores the current and future roles that museums may play in creating collective memories of September 11, 2001 as well as other historical events.

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