scholarly journals DIASPORA AND THEIR HOME COUNTRIES: EXPLORING THE SECOND GENERATION OF DIASPORA RETURNEES IN TANZANIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Dennis Lazaro Londo
Keyword(s):  
Second Generation ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Detailed Explanation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up

Purpose: This study endeavors to focus on the concept of second generation of diaspora returnees through a detailed explanation of the links that exist between the diaspora and their home countries. This study also sought to understand the differences in the social environment of the second generation of diaspora returnees between the host country and the country of origin.  Methodology: The study reviewed relevant literature and took an approach of first conceptualizing and explaining the meaning of second generation of diaspora returnees. Later on, this study through comparative analysis identified the differences between social environments in host countries and countries of origin.Findings: Generally, this study found out in the recent past the connection between Tanzania as a country and its diaspora is progressively improving but to a large extent the second generation of the diasporas feel out of touch with the country.Unique Contribution to Practice and Policy: Recommendations from this study challenge the Tanzanian government to set up policies that will enable the diasporas to be involved in their home country activities. Secondly, to equally facilitate the return of the second generation of diaspora, the Tanzanian government should create a direct connection between the government and the diaspora and recognize their existence as part of the larger Tanzania community. Findings from this study also provide a basis for other scholars to conduct more studies along this field of knowledge

The “Surge Phenomenon” of Macro Economy in Developing Countries from the Perspective of Tobacco Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-673
Author(s):  
Lulu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: Starting from the tobacco economy, this paper studies the “surge phenomenon” of macro-economy in developing countries. Methods: This paper studies the impact of tobacco industry on Anhui economy by using the relevant theories of industrial economics, econometrics and regulatory economics, combined with the actual situation of tobacco industry. Based on the analysis of the overall development of tobacco industry, this paper empirically analyzes the relationship between tobacco industry and Anhui economic growth. This paper combs the relevant literature of the existing research results of this theory. Combined with the special fact that government investment accounts for a large proportion in China’s current economic construction, this paper redefines the hypothesis of the investor in the theory of principles. On this basis, the expected equilibrium results of enterprise investment decision-making under government led and market led modes are compared and analyzed by using incomplete information static game model. Results: When the output value of tobacco industry increases by 1%, it will drive the GDP to increase by 0.373%. Secondly, by comparing the economic benefits of tobacco with the social costs of tobacco, it is found that with the economic development, the social costs caused by tobacco increase year by year, but the economic benefits are slightly greater than the social costs. The difference between the two is also increasing year by year. Conclusion: In the context of tobacco control, we should fully consider the advantages and disadvantages of developing the tobacco industry. Under the excessive intervention of the government, the manifestation of the surge phenomenon is more intense, and the final consequence of overcapacity is more serious than that under the market-oriented mode..

scholarly journals Tuna Fisheries Sustainable Management: Assessing of Indonesia Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) Fisheries

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 04019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignatius Tri Hargiyatno ◽  
Suyud Warno Utomo ◽  
Rauf Achmad Sue ◽  
Wudianto
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Fish Resources ◽  
Swimming Pattern ◽  
The Social ◽  
Tuna Fishing ◽  
The Government ◽  
Tuna Fisheries ◽  
Fish Aggregating Devices

This paper aims to describe the Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) fisheries in Indonesia and its relation to sustainable fisheries management. On tuna fishing, FADs are widely used as a tool to attract fish. FADs uncontrolled development is feared to have an impact on the sustainability of fish resources. We found that most of the fish caught around FADs are still juvenile. Deployment FADs can also interfere with the swimming pattern of tuna resources. This is negatively affecting the sustainability of tuna resources. However, from the social and economic aspects, FADs provide significant benefits for fishing communities. The Government has imposed regulations on FADs but not yet implemented. The objective of SDG's in the management of tuna fisheries associated with FADs can be implemented through the application of RFMO regulations. Findings from this paper can be used for policy recommendations for the management of sustainable FADsfisheries.

Setting Up of Special Economic Zones in China

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-26
Author(s):  
Anil K. Kanungo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Foreign Capital ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Special Economic Zones ◽  
Growth Path ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Economic Zones

Establishment of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in China has been a focus of study for many developing countries. It was initiated with a notion of experiment that foreign capital is an important instrument to put the country on a growth path of economic development and modernization while simultaneously integrating the inner regions with the main economic activity and development of the country. The Chinese experience of SEZs turned out to be a success in some sense as it could fulfil the desired goal of the Government. The paper makes an attempt to understand the concept behind this initiative; what political reforms were taken to set up SEZ; how it contributed to the growth of the Chinese economy; how FDI played a role in promoting exports and lastly, more importantly, what policy recommendations it suggests for future establishment of SEZs in China and in rest of the world.

scholarly journals Physical Activity and Policy Recommendations: A Social Multiplier Approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 577-612
Author(s):  
Catarina Goulão ◽  
Emmanuel Thibault
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Government Interventions ◽  
Social Multiplier ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Uniform Policy

Abstract We look at the effects of physical activity (PA) recommendation policies by considering a social multiplier model in which individuals differ in their concern for PA. The government can either observe this concern (and implement the First Best) or not (and implement a uniform policy). Whichever the type of policy implemented, while the welfare of individuals the most concerned with PA increases in the social multiplier, the welfare of those the least concerned may decrease in it. For a sufficiently high social multiplier, both government interventions improve the welfare of those most concerned with PA but worsen the welfare of the least concerned individuals if they are not too many. However, compared to the First Best, a uniform recommendation improves the welfare of those most concerned with PA more than it reduces the welfare of those least concerned.

scholarly journals BOARD COMPOSITION AND CORPORATE CONTRIBUTIONS RELATED TO CORONAVIRUS 2019 DISEASE: A REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 23-37
Author(s):  
Mohd Farid Asraf Md Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Corporate Philanthropy ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Board Members ◽  
Community Influence ◽  
Education Experience ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Board Of Directors ◽  
The Government ◽  
Corporate Contributions

The spread of COVID-19 has led to unexpected impacts on the country. Not only health, but the pandemic also affects the social, educational, and economic aspects which need some attention by the government as well as corporate citizens. As a group of individuals who govern the direction of a company, the board of directors plays an important role in shaping the company's philanthropic policy, especially in the challenging COVID-19 pandemic environment. Through the review of relevant literature, particularly to corporate governance and corporate philanthropy, this article discusses how the diversity of board members can influence decisions on the determination of COVID-19 related corporate contributions. Determining the type and amount of contributions to relevant recipients is crucial, particularly for groups of stakeholders who are really in need. Thus, relevant and diverse backgrounds of board members are able to bring wider perspectives and points of view as well as the understanding of the problems and needs of different stakeholders. Diversity in terms of education, experience, gender, and community influence is believed to bring different contributions in tackling problems posed by COVID-19. The discussion in this article contributes to the enrichment of the corporate philanthropy literature. It also gives the industry a perspective on the composition of the company's board of directors.

When and why (honest) people commit fraudulent behaviours?

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 541-559
Author(s):  
Ach Maulidi
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Psychological Aspects ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ethnographic Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
Critical Understanding ◽  
The Government

Purpose This study aims to provide theoretical and empirical insights concerning how macro-level characteristics influence micro-psychological characteristics, in perpetrating fraudulent behaviours. This is because many fraud studies have mainly been focussed on the solo psychological aspects of the offender, rather than the social environments. This study also makes clear that fraudulent behaviours are different from delinquencies. Design/methodology/approach This research is focussed on the big bureaucratic scandals, occurring in Indonesia. The authors chose Indonesia because it places one of the corrupt countries in The Association of Southeast Asian Nations countries. To achieve the goals, the authors used the ethnographic approach by conducting an exclusive interview with 30 elite executives from the Government of Indonesia. Findings This study finds a deeper understanding of the root causes of fraud committed by individuals and co-offenders, in which micro-psychological, situational, sociological and criminological aspects are linked together. Originality/value This study contains provocative findings that can stimulate a critical understanding of the psychological aetiology of an individual’s intention to perpetrate partial fraud or to co-offend.

Y a-t-il des modèles de contact des langues à soutirer de l'expérience indienne?

1989 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-132
Author(s):  
Grant D. McConnell
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Research Experience ◽  
Hard Data ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One

SUMMARY What Language Contact Models Can Result from Our Indian Research Experience? This paper is the result of a conference in Nice (1987) on Language Contact: What Models? We tried to reply to this question by proposing two models, namely: (1) language development, a model that allows us to measure development in terms of language vitality and (2) language contact, a more general model, which takes into account the broader social context. These two models derive from a survey carried out in India from 1982 to 1985 on the written languages of that country. The survey's object was primarily to provide the government with a detailed description of the functional role of each language in the social life of the country. But, in a secondary analysis, the survey provided a model of language development (see above), which enables us to calculate in quantitative terms the linguistic vitality of each language. This was done by analyzing the functional aspect of the social (institutional) dimension, by (1) domain and (2) institutional levels, on the one hand, and by (3) functions (frequency) and (4) products (quantity) on the other. The model of language contact also incorporates the vitality concept, but the perspective is much wider. It is rare to find only one language, so the model must take into consideration the functional interaction of all languages present and the resulting effects of this on vitality. Next, the total social environment and its importance must be measured through variables or groups of variables, which can also influence language vitality. This allows us to propose hypotheses on the importance of the language and social environments on changing vitality rates. The paper concludes by clearly placing the above research in the macro sphere (sociology of language) and considers the above inductive models based on hard data a useful way of approaching a theory of language in society, which has yet to be constructed. RESUMO Kiuj lingvokontaktaj modeloj povas rezulti el la esploraj spertoj en Hindio? Tiu ci verko rezultas el konferenco en Nico (1987) pri Lingva kontakto: Kiuj modeloj? Ni provis respondi tiun demandon per propono de du modeloj, nome: (l) modelo de lingva evoluo, kiu ebligas nin mezuri evoluon laŭ lingva vivanteco kaj (2) lingva kontakto, pli ĝenerala modelo, kiu prenas en konsideron la pli vastan socian kuntekston. La du modeloj fontas el enketo farita en Hindio inter 1982 kaj 1985 pri la tiulandaj skribitaj lingvoj. La ĉefa celo de la enketo estis liveri al la registaro detalan priskribon de la funkcia rolo de ĉiu lingvo en la socia vivo de la lando. Sed per dua analizo la enketo donis modelon de lingva evoluo (vidu ĉi-supre), kiu ebligas kvalitan kalkulon de la lingva vivanteco de ĉiu lingvo. Tion ni faris analizante la funkcian aspekton de la socia (insti-tucia) dimensio, laŭ (1) medio kaj (2) instituciaj niveloj, unuflanke, kaj laŭ (3) funkcioj (ofteco) kaj (4) produktoj (kvanto), aliflanke. La lingvokontakta modelo ankaŭ enhavas la koncepton de vivanteco, sed laŭ multe pli vasta perspektivo. Malofte oni trovas nur unu lingvon, kaj sekve la modelo devas preni en konsideron la funkcian interagon de ciuj ceestantaj lingvoj kaj la rezultajn efikojn de cio ci je vivanteco. Krome, oni devas mezuri la kompletan socian medion kaj ĝian gravecon per variecoj kaj variecogrupoj, kiuj ankaŭ povas influi lingvovivantecon. Tio ebligas proponi hipotezojn pri la graveco de la lingva kaj socia medioj je ŝanĝiĝantaj niveloj de vivanteco. La verko finiĝas lokante la ĉi-suprajn esplorojn en la makro-sferon (lingva sociologio) kaj konsideras la ĉi-suprajn induktajn modelojn, bazitajn je firmaj donitaĵoj, utila maniero aliri teorion de lingvo en socio, ankoraŭ konstruotan.

scholarly journals Salir de la calle: una aproximación etnográfica a un proyecto de revinculación social para personas en situación de la calle en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires

2012 ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Mariana Biaggio
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Treatment ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Specific Location ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Unexpected Outcome ◽  
Ethnographic Analysis ◽  
The City

• A partir del análisis etnográfico del proceso de implementación de un proyecto que proponía la conformación de un coro de ensambles vocales de personas en situación de calle, indago en este artículo la ruptura que este proyecto propuso respecto del clásico esquema de asistencia paliativa que caracteriza al circuito asistencial en el que se ubican las políticas sociales dirigidas a la atención de la situación de calle en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Este proyecto, lejos de apuntar a la ayuda material en la supervivencia, otorgó una opción cultural que a partir del placer (no de la necesidad) motivó la participación. Sin embargo, diferentes aspectos oscurecieron este logro imprevisto: desde la mirada de los agentes gubernamentales que lo implementaron, el Resumen proyecto no logró su objetivo de ser un nexo entre la calle marginal y el mercado laboral formal. Los técnicos asociaban a las personas en situación de calle con una identidad y una localización específica, como si estuvieran desvinculadas de la sociedad. Sin embargo los modos en que las personas vivieron, sintieron y percibieron esta política, nos permiten cuestionar la existencia de aquella desvinculación. Las diversas expectativas en torno al proyecto desnaturalizan miradas y representaciones asociadas a las personas en situación de calle, quienes en esta experiencia se apropiaron de un proyecto del que participaron activamente y defendieron en forma colectiva.   • In this paper, taking as my starting point the ethnographic analysis of the process of implementing a project proposing the formation of a choir of vocal ensembles for the homeless, I investigate the break this project brought about with the classic set-up of palliative treatment commonly used by the caring network, embracing the social policies addressing care issues for the homeless in the City of Buenos Aires. Far from addressing material aid with regard to survival, instead this project offered a cultural option, which encouraged people to take part out of pleasure (rather than out of need). Nevertheless, various aspects contrived to obscure this unexpected outcome: In the eyes of the government agents who brought it into being, the project did not achieve its aim of serving as a bridge between the city’s down and outs and the formal labour market. The technicians associated the homeless with a specific location and identity, as if they were cut off from society. However, the ways in which these people lived, felt and perceived this policy enables us to question whether these ties were in fact really severed. The various expectations revolving around the project distort the views and representations associated with the homeless, who, in this experiment, embraced a project in which they played an active part and which they defended as a group.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Implications on Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Operations in Zambia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Clement Mwaanga ◽  
James Mulenga ◽  
Mary Lubinda ◽  
Moulen Siame ◽  
Kunda Kaliba-Chishimba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Mitigating Factors ◽  
The Government ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Number Of Customers ◽  
Sector Data

The COVID-19 pandemic has slowed down the operations of enterprises of different sizes and types in different ways. The most affected are the SMEs operating in various sectors of the economy. This study sort to investigate the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the operations of SMEs in the food and accommodation industry and provide policy recommendations to the government on supportive measures for SMEs. We employed an exploratory methodology with a critical review of available literature, including policy documents, research papers, and relevant literature to the sector Data was collected from four provinces using a survey method, and analysis was conducted through descriptive statistics. The findings indicate that most of the SME's monthly revenues have gone down by more than 50 percent and they are facing challenges such as failing to pay workers, restricted number of customers, and high cost of inputs. Besides, 21 percent of the SMEs reported improved adherence to health guidelines as one of the mitigating factors to minimise the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, only 4 percent of the SMEs have accessed financial support from Government but their businesses have remained the same. Based on these findings, policy recommendations have been made to help SMEs survive during the crisis.

scholarly journals Diaspora Diplomacy: Emerging Priority of Nepal’s Foreign Policy

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 86-99
Author(s):  
Pratima Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Social ◽  
Policy Arrangements ◽  
The Government

Many people from Nepal are currently living in foreign countries. Their living has become a prominent issue in foreign policy and international relations as it has a broader impact on the bilateral connection between Nepal and the host countries as well as in the development back home. Appropriately mobilizing diverse potential inheritance in the Nepali diaspora can be a real boon for Nepal in achieving the national goals. The government is working on that by devising various policies, but the results are not satisfactory. Rigorous homework is yet to be done at the policy-making level to maximize achievements through the effective conduction of diaspora diplomacy. Hence, shedding light on the broader perspective of the Nepali diaspora, this paper attempts to focus on their role in the social, economic and cultural development of Nepal. The new institutional and policy arrangements that policymakers should adopt in upcoming days to address diaspora needs and to maintain a balanced relation between the government and Nepali community residing outside the border are also discussed. The article is descriptive and analytical in format, and the data are collected from secondary sources.

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