Liquid Biofuels: Sustainable Development Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (58) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bulcsú Reményik ◽  
Vasa László ◽  
Dávid Lóránt ◽  
Varga Imre
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Development Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Expensive Process ◽  
Fuel Source

The ecological footprint of Hungary is close to the European average and we expect further growth. The projects of the Széchenyi 2020 program and the Hungarian Multinational Oil and Gas Company (MOL) promote the development of the green economy provide significant subsidies. The depletion of petroleum-derived fuel and environmental concern has promoted to look over the biofuel as an alternative fuel source. However, the production of biofuels is an expensive process. The rapid spread of biofuels created an agricultural expansion, contributing to rising water demands; however, that was already a serious international problem. The competition for agricultural areas has an impact of price increment because the excessive rate of energy crops can replace not only the same kinds of food crops but other (for example fodder) varieties. In our evaluation, the third generation of biofuels seems the ultimate solution for us in the following 25-30 years’ period.

scholarly journals Karoo fracking and the Christian faith community

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerrit Van Tonder ◽  
Roger Tucker
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Practical Theology ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Faith Community ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
World Population ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
To Come

One of the challenges for Practical Theology in Africa is to engage with the continent’s concerns and challenges in such a way that the kingdom of God is realised in society and is seen to be relevant to these issues by people who are outside of academia. In our article, which was first presented at the Practical Theology congress in Pretoria in January 2014, the authors seek to demonstrate how this may be accomplished by applying insights to one concern, namely ‘fracking’. The objective is to mobilise the influential Christian faith community in South Africa to begin to exercise prophetic discernment concerning fracking in the Karoo. The fracking debate is a product of the tension between the environmental degradation that its waste products may cause, on the one hand, and, on the other, the greater energy demands of a rapidly increasing world population along with its expectations of an ever-increasing standard of living. Shale gas fracking in the Karoo region of South Africa promises to make vast reserves of oil and gas available to help meet a significant percentage of the country’s energy needs for many years to come, and so thus aid development and contribute to raising the standard of living of many people. Yet the management of the waste products associated with the process is an area of serious environmental concern. The article aims to apprise the South African Christian faith community of the technology and risks involved. Theological guidelines are presented by which fracking’s benefits and dangers can be interrogated so that the community may come to an informed decision as to whether or not to support fracking.

scholarly journals INCA Modelling of the Lee System: strategies for the reduction of nitrogen loads

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Flynn ◽  
T. Paddison ◽  
P. G. Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Buffer Strips ◽  
Nitrogen Loads ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
River Thames ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Abstract. The Integrated Nitrogen Catchment model (INCA) was applied successfully to simulate nitrogen concentrations in the River Lee, a northern tributary of the River Thames for 1995-1999. Leaching from urban and agricultural areas was found to control nitrogen dynamics in reaches unaffected by effluent discharges and abstractions; the occurrence of minimal flows resulted in an upward trend in nitrate concentration. Sewage treatment works (STW) discharging into the River Lee raised nitrate concentrations substantially, a problem which was compounded by abstractions in the Lower Lee. The average concentration of nitrate (NO3) for the simulation period 1995-96 was 7.87 mg N l-1. Ammonium (NH4) concentrations were simulated less successfully. However, concentrations of ammonium rarely rose to levels which would be of environmental concern. Scenarios were run through INCA to assess strategies for the reduction of nitrate concentrations in the catchment. The conversion of arable land to ungrazed vegetation or to woodland would reduce nitrate concentrations substantially, whilst inclusion of riparian buffer strips would be unsuccessful in reducing nitrate loading. A 50% reduction in nitrate loading from Luton STW would result in a fall of up to 5 mg N l-1 in the reach directly affected (concentrations fell from maxima of 13 to 8 mg N l-1 , nearly a 40 % reduction), whilst a 20% reduction in abstractions would reduce maximum peaks in concentration in the lower Lee by up to 4 mg l-1 (from 17 to 13 mg N l-1, nearly a 25 % reduction),. Keywords: modelling, water quality, nitrogen, nitrate, ammonium, INCA, River Lee, River Thames, land-use.

scholarly journals Foreign Experience of Green Economy Development in the Activities of Energy and Oil and Gas Companies in the 21st Century

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariia Andreevna Gureva ◽  
Valentina Vladimirovna Butko
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Economy Model ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
Environmental Projects ◽  
Oil And Gas Companies

Green economy models, in particular, the circular economy model, are capable of creating promising ways to build an ecological future, which requires modernization of the system with respect to a number of environmental methods and elements. The article discusses examples of implementing the key principles of sustainable development and the green economy in the activities of foreign energy and oil and gas companies, which represent a segment with the most powerful potential for introducing new innovative processes and conducting environmental projects.

scholarly journals Bases of sustainable development and concept of green economy in practice of oil and gas companies in the XXI century

2019 ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
Mariia Andreevna Gureva ◽  
Valentina Vladimirovna Butko
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Oil And Gas Companies ◽  
Goals And Objectives

The practice of implementing the key principles of sustainable development and the green economy in the activities of modern oil and gas companies is considered in the article. The authors come to conclusion that the implementation and construction of policies focused on the modernized goals and objectives of the green economy, meeting modern challenges in development, can be a direction for the development and updating of strategies of oil and gas companies in Russia in the medium term.

scholarly journals Czasowa zmienność i przestrzenne zróżnicowanie ewapotranspiracji w zlewni nizinnej rzeki Łasicy

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
Urszula Somorowska
Keyword(s):  
Surface Energy Balance ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Accurate Quantification

Accurate quantification of evapotranspiration is necessary for understanding the water cycle at a local scale. At catchment scale, evapotranspiration might be approximated using remote sensing data useful in spatialtemporal analyses. In this study, the long-term and seasonal variability of evapotranspiration in the Łasica River catchment in the years 2003–2020 was assessed on the basis of data acquired from the SSEBop project (Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance). Additionally, using the index of precipitation utilization (WWO), the degree of precipitation consumption for the water demands of plants was determined. The highest evapotranspiration occurs in forest areas, slightly lower in marshy belts covered with meadow vegetation, and the lowest in agricultural areas and anthropogenically transformed areas. The spatial differentiation of evapotranspiration is particularly marked during the growing season, from April to October. Mean annual evapotranspiration sum is 403 mm, of which 96% falls on the growing season. Extremely low annual ET sums occurred in 2015 (329 mm), 2019 (342 mm) and 2003 (384 mm), while particularly high – in 2010 (455 mm) and 2013 (447 mm). In dry years, WWO is even 71–77%, while in particularly wet years, WWO is much lower and amounts to 54–58%.

Insight of Green Economy in Algeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 108-126
Author(s):  
Zina Arabeche ◽  
Mohammed El Amine Abdelli
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
General Application ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future

Since the emergence of the industrial revolution, the use of energy resources has increased considerably, particularly non renewable (coal, oil and gas), so these resources are no longer sufficient to cover the different energy needs, and this has become a challenge to the energy independance of many gouvernment now and in the future. This has caused the world to scramble for other ways to satisfy these needs in which the results of scientific research and development envolved from alternative uses of old energy sources and named green economy, and many think about the future of energy despite the barriers that still hinder the general application of this type of economy. Energy consumption in Algeria is focused almost entirely on fossil fuels, hydrocarbons, and gas in particular. In recent years, Algeria is deciding to move intro the green economy, the unique solution for meeting future energy requirements and helping reduce environmental risks.

Investigating the Potential of Recycling Flare-Source Hydrocarbon Gases in an Industrial Burner

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
Fahd M. Mohamed ◽  
Fadwa T. Eljack ◽  
Samer F. Ahmed ◽  
Saud Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Profile ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Hydrocarbon Gases ◽  
Ansys Fluent ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Fuel Feed ◽  
Fuel Source

Abstract Flare gas is considered a global environmental concern. Flaring contributes to wasting limited material and energy resources, economic loss and greenhouse gas emissions. Utilizing flared gas as fuel feed to industrial cracking furnaces grants advantages in terms of fuel economy and emissions reduction. This work presents the results obtained by ANSYS fluent simulation of a flare hydrocarbon gas utilized in a steam cracking furnace of ethylene process when combusting hydrocarbons flare gas in a low NOx burner. In addition, the study determined the suitability of different hydrocarbon fuel mixtures in satisfying the required adiabatic flame temperature. The flared stream is assumed to be inlet from both primary and secondary staged fuel burners. The simulation results illustrated the detailed temperature profiles along the furnace flue gas side. They also presented the influence of flare stream compositions and Wobbe Index (WI) on the temperature profile. It was found that having an alternative fuel with a heating value or WI similar to that of methane would not result in the same temperature profile of methane, as a current fuel source. In addition, using different excess air percentages has no linear effect on the burner’s temperature profile. However, the results showed that the best replacement of methane, as the main fuel source, is a flare mixture with the same WI of methane as well as a certain H2 content needs to be added to every flare mixture composition to reach the same temperature profile of methane

scholarly journals Undesirable aliens: factors determining the distribution of three invasive bird species in Singapore

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 685-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haw Chuan Lim ◽  
Navjot S. Sodhi ◽  
Barry W. Brook ◽  
Malcom C. K. Soh
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Urban Greenery ◽  
Common Myna ◽  
House Crow ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
The Common ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Biological invasions are a major environmental concern due to their negative impacts on biodiversity and economics. We determined the population sizes and habitat-abundance relationships of the three most successful invasive bird species in Singapore: the house crow Corvus splendens, white-vented myna Acridotheres javanicus and common myna A. tristis. Estimated population sizes of the three species between February 2000 and February 2001 were between 106 000-176 000, 122 000-155 000 and 20 000-29 000, respectively. Population size of the house crow grew dramatically (>30-fold) in the last 15-16 y while that of the white-vented and common myna declined. Habitat-abundance relationships suggest that house crows are highly dependent on anthropogenic food. Their abundance was also positively related to proximity to coast. The common myna associated closely with agricultural areas while the white-vented myna probably preferred urban greenery among residential buildings. Our study shows that the three invasive bird species associated with different aspects of human-modified environment.

scholarly journals Территории опережающего развития Хабаровского края в аспекте «зелёного» роста

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Зоя Мирзеханова ◽  
Анастасия Кольцова
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Advanced Development

В статье представлено авторское видение эколого-экономической ситуации в рамках формирования территорий опережающего развития в Хабаровском крае с позиции современной модели «зелёной экономики». Проведённый анализ показал, что выбранное направление развития демонстрирует усиление сырьевой направленности, однако в южных регионах есть и положительные тенденции в сторону приоритетных отраслей «зеленой экономики». В пределах Хабаровского края более 70% проектов соответствуют приоритетным отраслям, но даже в проектах связанных с экологоориентированными отраслями без внимания оставлены вопросы «озеленения» экономики. Territories of advanced development are special industrial zones with special legal regime for attracting investments. It is one of the modern facilitating instruments of the Russian Far East policy. The main objective of the article is to determine how this modern policy corresponds to the global trends in the field of the green economy. Green economy is an economic paradigm which promotes low carbon growth, efficient utilization of natural resources and assets. Far East region needs a sustainable economic growth that does not result in the natural resources depletion and environment damaging. The principal trends within the northern territories of advanced development are stated to be raw industries, mainly branches of oil and gas chemistry. However, in the southern regions of the Far East there are also positive trends towards the priority of green economy industries. In Khabarovsk Krai more than 70% of the projects relate to the priority industries of the green economy and only 2% of the projects are aimed at mining. Unfortunately, even in the projects connected with the ecofriendly industries issues of using green economy principles are disregarded. Under the present circumstances, eco-technology and innovations will be critical in providing opportunities for the ecological balance recovery, resulting in a more eco-friendly, sustainable and diversified regional economy. In the context of green economy special attention should be paid to such industries as waste recycling, tourism, power, agriculture, forestry, fishing and high-tech industries. It has been found that to achieve high social, economic and environmental efficiency it is expedient to expand territories of advanced development according to the green standards.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document