In vitro Antioxidant and In vivo Hepatocurative and Nephrocurative Activities of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Newbouldia laevis in Albino Rats

The in vitro antioxidant activity and in vivo hepatocurative and nephrocurative potential of Newbouldia laevis aqueous leaf extract (NLALE) was evaluated. The study used 30 male, albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) weighing 180 ± 20 g, of which 25 were intoxicated by oral administration of a single dose of diclofenac (100 mg/kg b. wt.). Animals were treated by oral administration of silymarin (200 mg/kg b. wt.), furosemide (1.5 mg/kg b. wt.) and NLALE (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg b. wt.) for seven consecutive days before animals were sacrificed on the 8th day and serum/plasma was analyzed for biochemical markers of hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Phytochemical screening of NLALE revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, saponins, steroids and tannins. The extract scavenged DPPH radical, reduced Fe3+ and inhibited TBARs in comparable manner to ascorbic acid in vitro. NLALE also attenuated diclofenac-induced liver and kidney intoxication as indicated by the significantly (p<0.05) reduced levels of serum biomarkers of hepatotoxicity: ALT, AST, bilirubin, but increased total protein levels and nephrotoxicity: urea, creatinine, Na+ and K+. The observed effects are dose dependent as the 400 mg/kg b. wt. appeared to be more potent than the 200 mg/kg b. wt. dose. It may be concluded from this study that Newbouldia laevis leaf has ameliorative effect against diclofenac-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity probably through antioxidative mechanism and the curative claim and the folkloric use of the plant in the treatment of liver and kidney diseases have been scientifically validated

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Evaluation of Nootropic Activity of Leaf Extract of Anacardium occidentale L.

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i58a34116 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 270-278

Author(s):

Meghna Salian ◽

Prasanna Shama Khandige

Keyword(s):

Leaf Extract ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽

Healthcare Research ◽

Anacardium Occidentale ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Nootropic Activity ◽

Memory Process

One of the plants that have been used for enthno medicinal purposes in traditional civilization is Anacardium occidentale L. of the family Anacardiaceae is native to Brazil also found in tropical countries such as Malaysia and India commonly known as cashew. The purpose of this study is to determine the in-vitro and in-vivo cognitive effects of an ethanolic leaf extract of the herb Anacardium occidentale on albino rats. Orally the ethanolic extract was administered in two doses (100 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg). The Elevated Plus maze and Y-maze showed statistically significant improvement in the memory process. The estimation of acetylcholinesterase enzyme in rats brain also shows improvement in the memory process by reducing acetylcholinesterase activity. Disorders related to cognition are one of the major health problems and increasing day by day especially affecting the elder individual. There is no proper medication for the impairment of memory. The study reveals that the ethanolic extract of the leaf of Anacardium occidentale has dose-dependent memory-enhancing performance. Synthetic drugs have a lot of side effects, whereas drugs belongs to natural substances have least side effect compared to synthetic one, which has gained a lots of importance. These studies need to be documented effectively. Research findings were contributed to meet the future needs in general healthcare, research, and conservation of endangered species and may give a lead to the discovery of newer drugs.

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Suppression of inflammatory mediators by aqueous leaf extract of Crotalaria verrucosa: in vivo and in vitro analysis

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20205130 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1897

Author(s):

Mohammad Mustakim Billah ◽

Abir Huzaifa ◽

M. Abdul Kader Khan ◽

Nusrat Jahan Vabna ◽

Kashfia Nawrin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Extract ◽

Protein Denaturation ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Medicinal Value ◽

Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Vitro Analysis ◽

In Vitro Analysis

Background: Crotalaria verrucosa is a traditional plant frequently prescribed by the tribes for its medicinal value against inflammation. The present study was designed to investigate the scientific basis for medicinal value in inflammation by in vivo and in vitro analysis.Methods: Anti-inflammatory activity of the plant’s leaf was evaluated by two in vivo methods - carrageenan induced rat paw edema and xylene induced mice ear edema. Moreover, in vitro analysis was performed through heat induced hemolysis and heat induced protein denaturation methods.Results: The inflammation produced by carrageenan and xylene were effectively suppressed by the aqueous leaf extract of C. verrucosa (CVAQ) at 600 mg/kg body weight which was comparable to the standards. In heat induced hemolysis test the extract was able to inhibit the lysis up to 70% at 500 µg/ml whereas in heat induced protein denaturation test it reduces the percentage till 69% at the same concentration.Conclusions: The findings suggested that CVAQ possess moderate to high anti-inflammatory activity when applied in low to high concentrated doses. However, the study can only conclude from this basic evaluation that the extract needs to be further investigated for identifying the potential compound which contributed to such medicinal value of the plant.

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Ethanolic extract of Mucuna pruriens ameliorates carbon tetrachloride and rifampicin-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in wistar albino rat

10.21203/rs.3.rs-320977/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Temidayo Ogunmoyole ◽

Ola-Awe Ayomide Micheal ◽

Fatile Omotola Grace

Keyword(s):

Leaf Extract ◽

Kidney Diseases ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Mucuna Pruriens ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Albino Rat ◽

Initial Exposure ◽

Group I ◽

Liver And Kidney

Abstract The present study investigates the hepatoprotective and nephroprotective potentials of Mucuna pruriens leaf extract with a view to providing a potent alternative in the management of liver and kidney diseases. Forty male albino rats were randomly placed into eight groups comprising five animals each. Animals in group I were administered with the distilled water, while groups II and VI were exposed to CCl4 and rifampicin respectively. Animals in groups III and IV were initially exposed CCl4 and treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg bw M. pruriens respectively. Similarly, groups VII and VIII animals were exposed to rifampicin and treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg bw M. pruriens respectively. Animals in group V were treated with 100 mg/kg bw silymarin by oral gavage after an initial exposure to CCl4. Selected biomarkers of liver and kidney damage were determined in the serum and organs homogenate. Liver and kidney slices of experimental animals were also stained for histopathological examination. Exposure to CCl4 and rifampicin respectively resulted in marked distortion in lipid profile, inhibition of antioxidant enzymes and a surge in ALT, AST, ALP, urea, uric acid, bilirubin and creatine kinase. Treatment with M. pruriens extract reversed all deranged biochemical and histopathological parameters in a dose-dependent manner. Restoration of both biochemical and histopathological alterations established the fact that M. pruriens is a potent hepatoprotective and nephroprotective plant, thereby giving credence to the potential usefulness of its leaf extract in the management of liver and kidney diseases.

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Knockdown of LncRNA-H19 Ameliorates Kidney Fibrosis in Diabetic Mice by Suppressing miR-29a-Mediated EndMT

Frontiers in Pharmacology ◽

10.3389/fphar.2020.586895 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Sen Shi ◽

Li Song ◽

Hao Yu ◽

Songlin Feng ◽

Jianhua He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Kidney Diseases ◽

Diabetic Mice ◽

Diabetic Kidney ◽

Kidney Fibrosis ◽

Mesenchymal Transition ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Non Coding Rnas ◽

Endothelial Mesenchymal Transition

Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of kidney fibrosis. Recently, altered expressed or dysfunction of some long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been linked to kidney fibrosis; however, the mechanisms of lncRNAs in kidney fibrosis remain unclear. We have shown that the DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin can inhibit endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and ameliorate diabetic kidney fibrosis associated with DPP-4 protein levels via the induction of miR-29. Here, we found that expression of the lncRNA H19 was significantly up-regulated in TGF-β2-induced fibrosis in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs) in vitro, and in kidney fibrosis of streptozotocin-induced diabetic CD-1 mice. We also detected up-regulated H19 expression and down-regulated miR-29a expression in the early and advanced mouse models of diabetic kidney fibrosis. H19 knockdown significantly attenuated kidney fibrosis in vitro and in vivo, which was associated with the inhibition of the EndMT-associated gene FSP-1. We also found that the up-regulation of H19 observed in fibrotic kidneys associated with the suppression of miR-29a in diabetic mice. H19, miR-29a, and EndMT contribute to a regulatory network involved in kidney fibrosis, and are associated with regulation of the TGF-β/SMAD3 singling pathway. This study indicates that inhibition of LncRNA H19 represents a novel anti-fibrotic treatment for diabetic kidney diseases.

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Mechanism of Wound-Healing Activity ofHippophae rhamnoidesL. Leaf Extract in Experimental Burns

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1093/ecam/nep189 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Nitin K. Upadhyay ◽

Ratan Kumar ◽

M. S. Siddiqui ◽

Asheesh Gupta

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Wound Repair ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Lipid Peroxide ◽

Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽

Burn Wound ◽

Burn Wounds ◽

Aqueous Leaf Extract

The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the healing efficacy of lyophilized aqueous leaf extract of Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoidesL., family Elaeagnaceae) (SBT) and to explore its possible mechanism of action on experimental burn wounds in rats. The SBT extract, at various concentrations, was applied topically, twice daily for 7 days. Treatment with silver sulfadiazine (SSD) ointment was used as reference control. The most effective concentration of the extract was found to be 5.0% (w/w) for burn wound healing and this was further used for detailed study. The SBT-treated group showed faster reduction in wound area in comparison with control and SSD-treated groups. The topical application of SBT increased collagen synthesis and stabilization at the wound site, as evidenced by increase in hydroxyproline, hexosamine levels and up-regulated expression of collagen type-III. The histological examinations and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and -9) expression also confirmed the healing efficacy of SBT leaf extract. Furthermore, there was significant increase in levels of endogenous enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and decrease in lipid peroxide levels in SBT-treated burn wound granulation tissue. The SBT also promoted angiogenesis as evidenced by anin vitrochick chorioallantoic membrane model andin vivoup-regulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. The SBT leaf extract had no cytotoxic effect on BHK-21 cell line. In conclusion, SBT aqueous leaf extract possesses significant healing potential in burn wounds and has a positive influence on the different phases of wound repair.

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Effect of Moringa oleifera aqueous leaf extract on hepato-renal changes of albino rats induced with Salmonella typhimurium

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20171080 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 734

Author(s):

Nasiru Suleiman ◽

Bulama Ibrahim ◽

Bagudo Ibrahim Ahmed ◽

Attahiru Zayyanu

Keyword(s):

Salmonella Typhimurium ◽

Kidney Function ◽

Total Protein ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Group A ◽

Aqueous Leaf Extract

Background: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of Moringa oleifera against Salmonella typhimurium infected changes in liver and kidney function parameters in albino rats.Methods: Twenty acclimatized albino rats were divided into four groups of five rats each (groups A-D). Groups B, C and D were exposed to 0.1ml (3.0x104 CFU) of Salmonella typhimurium. Six hours post- infection, Groups B and C were treated with 50 and 100mg/kg of Moringa oleifera aqueous leaf extract respectively and continued for 21 days. Group D was not treated while group A was neither infected nor treated. Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), bilirubin, albumin, total protein, urea and creatinine were estimated using standard methods. All data were collected and analyzed in October 2015.Results: S. typhimurium infection significantly (p<0.05) increased the levels of ALP, ALT, AST, bilirubin, urea and creatinine when compared with control levels (Group A). Total protein and albumin concentrations were significantly (p<0.05) reduced following the infection. However, Moringa oleifera supplementation was associated with significant (p<0.05) decrease in the levels of ALP, ALT, AST, bilirubin, urea and creatinine. It is also associated with decrease in concentrations of total protein and albumin.Conclusions: This study showed S. typhimurium infection induced changes in liver and kidney function parameters and also revealed possible amelioratory effects to these changes after Moringa oleifera supplementation.

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Annona muricata L. extract decreases intestinal glucose absorption and improves glucose tolerance in normal and diabetic rats

Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology ◽

10.34172/jhp.2021.42 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 359-366

Author(s):

Ana María Guevara-Vásquez ◽

Julio Víctor Campos-Florián ◽

Jesús Haydee Dávila-Castillo

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Extract ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Glucose Absorption ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Annona Muricata ◽

Antihyperglycemic Activity ◽

Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽

Intestinal Glucose Absorption

Introduction: Poorly controlled hyperglycemia causes numerous health complications. Postprandial hyperglycemia is an important indicator of diabetic status. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of Annona muricata L. extract on the in vitro intestinal glucose absorption in diabetic rats and in vivo antihyperglycemic activity in both normal and diabetic rats. Methods: Phytochemical screening of the aqueous extract from the leaves of A. muricata was carried out. Albino rats were randomly assigned into normal and diabetic groups. Each group was divided into three subgroups: control (vehicle), experimental (A. muricata), and standard (Metformin) groups, to determine antihyperglycemic activity at different times after glucose overload. The everted intestinal sac technique was used to study intestinal glucose absorption in diabetic rats. Results: Aqueous leaf extract of Peruvian A. muricata exhibited statistically significant (P < 0.05) in vivo antihyperglycemic activity in both normal and diabetic rats when compared to the control group. The magnitude of the effect was similar to metformin treatment. Moreover, the aqueous leaf extract of A. muricata significantly diminished in vitro intestinal glucose absorption, with a magnitude similar to metformin treatment. Phytochemical analysis of the aqueous extract revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and leucoanthocyanidins, among others. Conclusion: This study reveals that A. muricata aqueous extract is able to reduce in vitro intestinal glucose absorption and improve oral glucose tolerance in rats.

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In vivo and in vitro antidiabetic properties of alkaloids extract from Salvia chudaei

Acta periodica technologica ◽

10.2298/apt2152045t ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 45-53

Author(s):

Mohammed Tlili ◽

Roukia Hammoudi ◽

Mahfoud Hadj-Mahammed

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Kidney Function ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Mean Blood Glucose

The aim of this study was to evaluate, for the first time, the antidiabetic effect of the alkaloids extract of Salvia chudaei Batt. & Trab. (Lamiaceae) on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The alkaloids extract was prepared, and the in vitro inhibitory effect of key digesting enzymes related to postprandial hyperglycemia were determined. After acute toxicity test, the Swiss albino rats were induced with alloxan to get experimental diabetes animals. The fasting mean blood glucose, lipid profile, different liver and kidney function biomarkers and antioxidant biomarkers levels, after treatment for 30 days, diabetic untreated and diabetic rats treated with alkaloids extract were estimated. The alkaloids displayed remarkable in inhibiting ?-glucosidase (IC50 = 248.25?2.61 ?g/ml) than ?-amylase (IC50 = 262.96?9.64 ?g/ml) activities. In vivo, the results proved that alkaloids extract at dose of 500 mg/kg bw decreased significantly the blood glucose, lipid profile levels and improved the liver and kidney function biomarkers and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and gluthatione reductase). This study demonstrates, that alkaloids are effective in inhibiting hyperglycemia and oxidative stress caused by diabetes.

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