Exploring an Indian Herb Sphaeranthus indicus for Antimicrobial Efficacy against Helicobacter pylori and Effect of Combination Therapy against Drug Resistant Human Pathogens

Abstract Background In the wake of emergence of antimicrobial resistance, bioactive phytochemical compounds are proving to be important therapeutic agents. The present study envisaged in silico molecular docking as well as in vitro antimicrobial efficacy screening of identified phytochemical ligands to the dispersin (aap) and outer membrane osmoporin (OmpC) domains of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) and non-typhoidal Salmonella spp. (NTS), respectively. Materials and methods The evaluation of drug-likeness, molecular properties, and bioactivity of the identified phytocompounds (thymol, carvacrol, and cinnamaldehyde) was carried out using Swiss ADME, while Protox-II and StopTox servers were used to identify its toxicity. The in silico molecular docking of the phytochemical ligands with the protein motifs of dispersin (PDB ID: 2jvu) and outer membrane osmoporin (PDB ID: 3uu2) were carried out using AutoDock v.4.20. Further, the antimicrobial efficacy of these compounds against multi-drug resistant EAEC and NTS strains was determined by estimating the minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal concentrations. Subsequently, these phytochemicals were subjected to their safety (sheep and human erythrocytic haemolysis) as well as stability (cationic salts, and pH) assays. Results All the three identified phytochemicals ligands were found to be zero violators of Lipinski’s rule of five and exhibited drug-likeness. The compounds tested were categorized as toxicity class-4 by Protox-II and were found to be non- cardiotoxic by StopTox. The docking studies employing 3D model of dispersin and ompC motifs with the identified phytochemical ligands exhibited good binding affinity. The identified phytochemical compounds were observed to be comparatively stable at different conditions (cationic salts, and pH); however, a concentration-dependent increase in the haemolytic assay was observed against sheep as well as human erythrocytes. Conclusions In silico molecular docking studies provided useful insights to understand the interaction of phytochemical ligands with protein motifs of pathogen and should be used routinely before the wet screening of any phytochemicals for their antibacterial, stability, and safety aspects.

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Mortality in patients with community-onset pneumonia at low risk of drug-resistant pathogens: Impact of β-lactam plus macrolide combination therapy

Respirology ◽

10.1111/resp.13232 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (5) ◽

pp. 526-534 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Junya Okumura ◽

Yuichiro Shindo ◽

Kunihiko Takahashi ◽

Masahiro Sano ◽

Yasuteru Sugino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Combination Therapy ◽

Low Risk ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Community Onset

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Production and purification of a bioactive substance against multi-drug resistant human pathogens from the marine-sponge-derived Salinispora sp.

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine ◽

10.12980/apjtb.4.2014c1154 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (10) ◽

pp. 825-831 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Satyendra Singh ◽

Pritesh Prasad ◽

Ramesh Subramani ◽

William Aalbersberg

Keyword(s):

Marine Sponge ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Human Pathogens ◽

Bioactive Substance

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Antibacterial Effects of Oregano Essential Oil (OEO) and Its Potential Applications

Microbiology Research Journal International ◽

10.9734/mrji/2020/v30i430209 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 19-25

Author(s):

R. Cabrera-Contreras ◽

R. Morelos-Ramírez ◽

J. P. Quiróz-Ríos ◽

D. Muñoz-Quiróz

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Human Pathogens ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Reference Strains ◽

Serial Dilutions

Essential oils (EOs) are commonly used in food industry, due that they possess antioxidative and antimicrobial properties. There are few essential oils that have been used in medicine, due to its potent antibacterial activity against intrahospital pathogens. OEO has experimentally shown potent antibacterial effect on nosocomial Gram-positive bacteria, therefore it can be very useful in hospital environments, where there are many bacterial pathogens, which are the etiological agents of nosocomial infections and most of them are resistant to several antibiotics. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine antimicrobial effect of OEO on most frequent bacterial intrahospital pathogens: MRSA, MRSE comparatively to selected ATCC bacterial reference strains. Methods: This experimental study investigates the antibacterial action of oregano (Origanum vulgare) essential oil (OvEO) on two human pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE) Here, we used OEO against one of the most prominent antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains: methicillin-resistant SA (MRSAmecA+ = Meticillin Resistant SA and mecA- = Meticillin Resistance SA ), methicillin-resistant SE (MRSEmecA+ = Meticillin Resistance Staphylococcus epidermidis mecA+) and reference strains: S. aureus ATCC 700699, S. epidermidis ATCC 359845 and E. coli ATCC 25922. Bactericidal effects of the OEO on these bacteria were mainly evaluated using undiluted and four serial dilutions in coconut oil (CCO) l: 1:10, 1:100, 1:200, 1:400. Results: OEO, undiluted and 4 serial dilutions showed potent antibacterial activity against all strains tested. In conclusion, this OEO could be used as an alternative in medicine. The ability of OEO to inhibit and kill clinical Multi-Drug-Resistant (MDR): MRSA and MRSE strains, highlights it´s potential for use in the management of drug-resistant MDR infections in hospitals wards.

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Antimicrobial Efficiency of Essential Oils from Traditional Medicinal Plants of Asir Region, Saudi Arabia over Drug Resistant Isolates

10.20944/preprints201810.0236.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Ismail M. Helal ◽

Ashraf El-Bessoumy ◽

Erwah Al-Bataineh ◽

Martin R.P. Joseph ◽

Parassena Rajagopalan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Ocimum Basilicum ◽

Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Origanum Vulgare ◽

Asir Region

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a recurring global problem, which constantly demands new antimicrobial compounds to challenge the resistance. It is well known that essential oils (EOs) have been known for biological activities including antimicrobial properties. In this study, EOs from seven aromatic plants of Asir region of southwestern Saudi Arabia were tested for their antimicrobial efficacy against four drug resistant pathogenic bacterial isolates (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli and Streptococcus typhimurium) and one fungal isolate (Candida albicans). Chemical compositions of EOs were determined by Gas chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The results revealed that EOs from Mentha cervina, Ocimum basilicum and Origanum vulgare proved most active against all isolates with inhibitory zone range between17 to 45 mm.  The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.025mg/ml was observed for Staph. aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes with EO of Origanum vulgare. All the three EOs showed significant anti candida activity. Together form the results the EOs from Mentha cervina, Ocimum basilicum and Origanum vulgare demonstrated a significant antimicrobial efficacy against drug resistant microorganisms.

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Detection of the drug-resistant gene of Helicobacter pylori

World Chinese Journal of Digestology ◽

10.11569/wcjd.v16.i5.510 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. 510

Author(s):

Heng He ◽

Hong-Ming Wang ◽

Jing Chi

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Resistant Gene

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Rational combination therapy in resistant arterial hypertension

Arterial’naya Gipertenziya (Arterial Hypertension) ◽

10.18705/1607-419x-2011-17-4-384-390 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 384-390

Author(s):

I. V. Emelianov ◽

A. O. Konradi

Keyword(s):

Combination Therapy ◽

Arterial Hypertension ◽

Resistant Hypertension ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Therapeutic Approaches ◽

Rational Combination ◽

Resistant Arterial Hypertension

The article reviews therapy in drug-resistant hypertension. Current therapeutic approaches to treatment and rational combination therapy are discussed.

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BIO-CONTROL OF MULTIPLE DRUG-RESISTANT UROPATHOGENS USING MEDICINAL PLANT EXTRACTS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i2.29812 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 371-376

Author(s):

VIGI CHAUDHARY ◽

RAGHUVANSHI RK ◽

NAVEEN CHAUDHARY ◽

GAURAV SHARMA

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Multiple Drug ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Human Pathogens ◽

Multiple Drug Resistant ◽

Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽

Tract Infections

Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate the potential of some medicinal plants used in Ayurveda in treating multiple drug-resistant human pathogens causing urinary tract infections (UTIs). Methods: Dried parts of six medicinal plants used in Ayurveda for treating UTI were Soxhlet extracted, and the extract was concentrated in vacuo. Various concentrations of the extract were tested for antimicrobial activity against three clinical isolates of multiple drug-resistant bacteria causing UTI. Results: Preliminary results showed the promising antibacterial effect of plant extracts. Escherichia coli, the most common pathogen associated with UTI, was susceptible to aqueous extracts of all the six medicinal plants. Conclusion: This study concluded that the medicinal plants used in Ayurveda to treat UTIs are effective against multiple drug-resistant uropathogens. Further study in this regard may lead to the identification of novel antimicrobial agent for treating multiple drug-resistant urinary tract pathogens.

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