An approach to Illnessess by Traditional Medicine of Bhutan: An Introduction

Depending on the different ailments, various diagnostic tools like laboratory tests, X-ray, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imagery, and computerized topography scan are used in modern medicine. However, in Bhutanese traditional medicine the method of diagnosis is based on the medical text of Sowa-Rigpa, the ancient practices involving physical examination, questioning, pulsation, palpation and analysis of excretion. These enduring techniques of diagnosis use no modern technologies. The system has been practised in Bhutan for hundreds of years and has been officially establishment in 1967. Insights of this article are compiled from the Buddhist medical text and oral transmission of senior physicians. We discuss diagnosis in three categories namely, visual (Ta-Wa), touch (Reg-Pa) and questioning (Dri-Wa). Visual diagnosis mainly investigates the urine, physical appearance and the tongue. Touch, reading the pulse through which the physician diagnose illnesses. Questioning about the signs and symptoms of the illnesses and past medical history.

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Evaluating Aged Consumers Insight Regarding Modern Medicine and Traditional Medicine

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics ◽

10.22270/jddt.v11i5.5009 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 100-104

Author(s):

Bantupalli Suranjan ◽

Bala Yaswanth Kumar S ◽

Atluri Deekshit

Keyword(s):

Traditional Medicine ◽

Combinatorial Chemistry ◽

Modern Medicine ◽

New Drugs ◽

Pharmaceutical Companies ◽

Traditional Medicines ◽

Mental Treatment ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

Traditional Medical Practice ◽

Modern Technologies

The term traditional medicine is used to explain the traditional medical practice that has been in existence even before the advent of modern medicine. It is widely accepted and used in the prevention and treatment of physical and mental treatment as well as a social imbalance. There seem to be limits to the development of new drugs based exclusively on modern technologies. Since the 1980s, the pharmaceutical industry has tended to use high throughput synthesis and drug development based on combinatorial chemistry in developing new drugs/medicines. However, significant efforts in this direction have not resulted in the drug's expected productivity. Some large pharmaceutical companies are facing significant challenges in developing new products. Our study was to evaluate the aged population's insight regarding traditional medicine and modern medicine. It was a prospective study with duration of three months from February 2021 to April 2021. The study was conducted in the population in and around Vijayawada. A total of 400 samples were collected. Generally, nowadays people are not aware of traditional medicines even if they are inexpensive when compared to modern drugs. So we conducted this study to know the knowledge of aged peoples on traditional medicine and to know their perception regarding both modern medicine and traditional medicine. Keywords: Traditional medicine, Modern medicine, Natural, Aged, Population.

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Qualitative study on Bhutanese patients’ perceptions of modern, Sowa Rigpa, and local medicine

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.331 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

M Hosoda

Keyword(s):

Medical Care ◽

Traditional Medicine ◽

Well Being ◽

Modern Medicine ◽

Health Coverage ◽

Care Providers ◽

Medical Practitioners ◽

Holistic Treatment ◽

Sowa Rigpa ◽

Complementary And Alternative

Abstract Modern society has seen a rapid shift toward biomedicalization. However, there is now an increasing trend of using complementary and alternative medicine for holistic treatment. Bhutan promotes the physical, mental, and spiritual well-being of its citizens through its universal healthcare system, production of herbal medicines, Buddhist practices, and governmental policy of Gross National Happiness. Patients can choose one or a combination of modern, traditional (Sowa Rigpa), and local healing practices for treatment. For this study, in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted among randomly-selected patients (N = 20). Interviewees were categorized based on demographics, past medical experiences, upbringings, and expectations for medical care providers. All participants were found to rely on modern medicine (n = 20), many used traditional medicine (n = 13), and some had experienced local medicine (n = 9). Only a fraction had solely relied on modern medicine (n = 5) and a select number relied on all three practices for treatment (n = 7). In addition to determining patients' reliance on one or a combination of healing practices, this study identified their perceptions of the strengths and limitations of each method. To this end, the participants' reasonings for relying on certain practices over others for particular ailments were investigated. A key finding was that patients believe the flexibility in the reliance of one or multiple treatment types optimize their health and facilitate access to medical resources. Further collaborations between modern medical practitioners and complementary and alternative medical care providers are necessary to advance the integration of these three practices and ensure patient well-being. Key messages Bhutan provides universal health coverage to access basic public health services in both modern and traditional medicine, giving patients the freedom to choose their own modes of treatment. Referrals and communication between modern medical practitioners and complementary and alternative medical care providers are necessary to ensure patient health and well-being.

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Usefulness of Lung Ultrasound in Paediatric Respiratory Diseases

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11101783 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1783

Author(s):

Francesco Sansone ◽

Marina Attanasi ◽

Paola Di Filippo ◽

Giuseppe Francesco Sferrazza Papa ◽

Sabrina Di Pillo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Diseases ◽

Lung Ultrasound ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Point Of Care ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Diagnostic Tools ◽

X Ray ◽

Chest X Ray ◽

Ionizing Radiations

Respiratory infection diseases are among the major causes of morbidity and mortality in children. Diagnosis is focused on clinical presentation, yet signs and symptoms are not specific and there is a need for new non-radiating diagnostic tools. Among these, lung ultrasound (LUS) has recently been included in point-of-care protocols showing interesting results. In comparison to other imaging techniques, such as chest X-ray and computed tomography, ultrasonography does not use ionizing radiations. Therefore, it is particularly suitable for clinical follow-up of paediatric patients. LUS requires only 5–10 min and allows physicians to make quick decisions about the patient’s management. Nowadays, LUS has become an early diagnostic tool to detect pneumonia during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this narrative review, we show the most recent scientific literature about advantages and limits of LUS performance in children. Furthermore, we discuss the major paediatric indications separately, with a paragraph fully dedicated to COVID-19. Finally, we mention potential future perspectives about LUS application in paediatric respiratory diseases.

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Level of use and public awareness in consumption of traditional medicines in work area of Health Center Gombong I

International Journal of Health Science and Technology ◽

10.31101/ijhst.v1i3.1207 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 26-31

Author(s):

Naelaz Zukhruf Wakhidatul Kiromah ◽

Tri Cahyani Widiastuti

Keyword(s):

Traditional Medicine ◽

Urban Communities ◽

Health Center ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Modern Medicine ◽

Traditional Medicines ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Work Area ◽

Level Of Use ◽

Minor Ailments

Indonesia has 20,000 types of plants where 300 species have been used as traditional medicines. The use of traditional medicine as an alternative treatment in Indonesia that has been used by both rural and urban communities. The use of traditional medicine is considered safer than modern medicine. The purpose of this study was to identify the level of use of traditional medicine and public awareness in the use of traditional medicine in work area of Health Center Gombong 1 which consists of 5 villages. This research is a non-experimental and descriptive research that uses a questionnaire. Respondents who participated in this study were 140 people. The characteristics of respondents who participated in this study were the majority of men (50,71%), last educated of elementary school (41,43%), as housewives (27,86%). The majority of people in work area of Health Center Gombong choose treatment with modern medicine (64,29%). In addition there are 35,71% using traditional medicine and the majority use rhizome species (46%) for the treatment of minor ailments. In this study also showed that the majority of people do not know the safety of traditional medicines (50%) due to lack of information so that information is needed on the benefits and safety and the use of good and appropriate traditional medicines.

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Upashaya and Anupashaya - A Bird’s Eye View

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences (JAIMS) ◽

10.21760/jaims.v2i4.9366 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Sreeharsha N. ◽

Gurubasavaraj Yalagachin ◽

Kavita M. V. ◽

Divyasree C. H.

Keyword(s):

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Symptomatic Treatment ◽

Diagnostic Tools ◽

Detailed Knowledge ◽

Early Signs ◽

Therapy Result

The approach of the treatment in any disease begins with Roga Pareeksha and Rogi Pareeksha. Once these two concepts are clear, Vyadhi Vinishchaya will be perfect. This enables the Vaidya to choose appropriate Chikitsa. The five entities of Roga Pareeksha are Nidana (aetiology), Purvaroopa (early signs and symptoms), Roopa (cardinal features), Upashaya (symptomatic treatment) and Samprapti (pathogenesis). When Vaidya has doubtful diagnosis of a disease after thorough examination, he will carry out symptomatic first hand simple therapy, result of which will clarify his ambiguity in diagnosis. For example the pain in the Janu Sandhi may raise the doubt in the physician regarding its diagnosis as Amavata or Sandhivata. The Sthanika Taila Prayoga as Upashaya will result in clarity of diagnosis. Hence Upashaya (Pathya) and Anupashaya (Apathya) are the diagnostic tools in Vyadhi Vinishchaya. This creates a pavement for the path of thinking that Ahara, Vihara and Oushadha which relieve the Lakshanas of any Vyadhi are considered as Upashaya and those which aggravate or worsen are called as Anupashaya. This concept can be practically utilised to advice the Rogi regarding Pathya and Apathya in the specific disesase and it also helps to diagnose the disease without confusion. Hence a detailed knowledge of Upashaya (Pathya) and Anupashaya (Apathya) is essential in Chikitsa.

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THE EFFECTS OF ELECTROACUPUNCTURE COMBINED WITH ACUPRESSURE POINTS, MASSAGE TREATMENT AND “DOC HOAT TANG KY SINH” REMEDY ON TREATING SCIATICA DUE TO LUMBAR SPONDYLOSIS

Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy ◽

10.34071/jmp.2020.4.14 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 105-111

Author(s):

Giang Huynh Huong ◽

Tan Nguyen Thi ◽

Hung Nguyen Van

Keyword(s):

Traditional Medicine ◽

Modern Medicine ◽

Common Disease ◽

Working Ability ◽

Treatment Results ◽

Lumbar Spondylosis ◽

Before And After ◽

Massage Treatment ◽

Long Time ◽

Methods Of Treatment

Background: Sciatica due to lumbar spondylosis is a common disease syndrome, include pathological signs from lumbar spine and sciatic nerve. It occurs for a long time and affects to working ability and daily life. Currently there are many methods of treatment with modern medicine and traditional medicine. Electroacupuncture combined with acupressure point, massage treatment and “Doc hoat tang ky sinh” remedy is a highly effective method on treating sciatica due to lumbar spondylosis. Objectives: To evaluate the effectives of electroacupuncture combined with acupressure point, massage treatment and “Doc hoat tang ky sinh” remedy on treating sciatica due to lumbar spondylosis. Materials and Method: A total of 43 patients was diagnosed sciatica caused by lumbar spondylosis who treated at Thua Thien Hue Traditional Medicine Hospital. The study was designed by method of prospective study, assessed the results before and after the treatment. Results: Very good: 34.9%; good: 34.9%; average 7%. There was not any unexpected effects observed in this trial. Conclusion: Electroacupuncture combined with acupressure point, massage treatment and “Doc hoat tang ky sinh” remedy is a effective method on treating sciatica caused by lumbar spondylosis. Key words: sciatica, lumbar spondylosis, acupuncture, electroacupuncture, acupressure point, massage treatment

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HISTORY OF INDIAN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE: A MEDICAL INHERITANCE.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i1.21893 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 421 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Partha Pradip Adhikari ◽

Satya Bhusan Paul

Keyword(s):

Traditional Medicine ◽

Web Search ◽

Care Service ◽

Health Care Service ◽

Modern Medicine ◽

Traditional Medicines ◽

Regional Effects ◽

Practice Of Medicine ◽

History Of ◽

Traditional Approaches

Objective: Indian Traditional Medicine, the foundation of age-old practice of medicine in the world, has played an essential role in human health care service and welfare from its inception. Likewise, all traditional medicines are of its own regional effects and dominant in the West Asian nations; India, Pakistan, Tibet, and so forth, East Asian nations; China, Korea, Japan, Vietnam, and so forth, Africa, South and Central America. This article is an attempt to illuminate Indian traditional medical service and its importance, based on recent methodical reviews.Methods: Web search engines for example; Google, Science Direct and Google Scholar were employed for reviews as well as for meta-analysis.Results: There is a long running debate between individuals, who utilize Indian Traditional Medicines for different ailments and disorders, and the individuals who depend on the present day; modern medicine for cure. The civil argument between modern medicine and traditional medicines comes down to a basic truth; each person, regardless of education or sickness, ought to be educated about the actualities concerning their illness and the associated side effects of medicines. Therapeutic knowledge of Indian traditional medicine has propelled various traditional approaches with similar or different theories and methodologies, which are of regional significance.Conclusion: To extend research exercises on Indian Traditional Medicine, in near future, and to explore the phytochemicals; the current review will help the investigators involved in traditional medicinal pursuit.

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Foreign Body Aspiration in Infants and Older Children: A Comparative Study

Ear Nose & Throat Journal ◽

10.1177/0145561319839900 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 99 (1) ◽

pp. 47-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shorook Na’ara ◽

Igor Vainer ◽

Moran Amit ◽

Arie Gordin

Keyword(s):

Foreign Body ◽

Medical Center ◽

Age Groups ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Foreign Body Aspiration ◽

Preschool Age ◽

Small Airways ◽

Older Children ◽

X Ray ◽

Young Infants

Background: Foreign body aspiration (FBA) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children. It is a preventable event that predominates in preschool age. The signs and symptoms mimic respiratory diseases common in the same age-group. We compared FBA in infants to FBA in older children. Methods: Retrospective analysis of all the cases of suspected FBA of children under the age of 18 years hospitalized at one medical center during 2002 to 2016. We analyzed the data according to age: up to 1 year (infants) and 1 to 18 years. Results: One hundred seventy-five children with suspected FBA were admitted; of whom, 27 (15%) were infants and 148 (85%) were older children (age 1-18 years). For the 2 age groups, adults witnessed 85% and 73%, respectively, of the incidents ( P = .4). In the neonate group, 48% presented with normal X-ray findings compared to only 20% in the older group; 15% of the older group had a positive chest X-ray for a foreign body, while none had such in the infants’ group ( P = .01). For the 2 age groups, the majority of the FBs found were from organic origin. About half of the patients were diagnosed and managed within 24 hours of the aspiration event. In 10%, repeated bronchoscopy was performed due to a retained FB remnant. In a multivariate analysis, signs and symptoms ( P < .05), location of the FB ( P < .001), and witnessed aspiration ( P < .001) were independent prognostic factors for the length of hospitalization. Conclusion: Foreign body aspiration is not uncommon in young infants; the management is challenging due to small airways, the need to use smaller bronchoscopes, and the lack of working channel forces in pediatric bronchoscopes.

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