Anemia and risk factors among children 6 months to 59 months old: a hospital-based prospective study

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Kalpana Chhetri ◽  
Mimi L. Mynak ◽  
Kuenley Pedon
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Severe Anemia ◽  
Pediatric Ward ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
National Referral Hospital ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Background: Anemia is a major public health problem and the most common nutritional issue in many parts of the world, especially in developing countries. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of anemia and factors associated with anemia among children 6 to 59 months old admitted in Pediatric ward of National Referral Hospital, Thimphu. Methods: A hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study. All children 6 months to 59 months old admitted in Pediatric ward of National Referral Hospital, Thimphu were included in the study. A total of 353 children were included in the study. Data was analyzed using STATA 12. Results: The prevalence of anemia was 58.4%. Mild, moderate and severe anemia was 65%, 22.8% and 12.2% respectively. Anemia was more common in children less than 2 years old. The majority of the children had microcytic hypochromic anemia with low serum iron. The risk factors associated with moderate to severe anemia were malnutrition [p-value 0.001, OR 32.1, 95% CI (9.10-118.8)], low education level of caregiver [p value 0.0019, OR 5.10, 95% CI (1.66-15.68), monthly family income less than 5000/month [p-value 0.0004, OR 4.6 , 95% CI (1.89-11.54)] and chronic illness [p value 0.030, OR 2.43, 95% CI (1.08-5.47)]. Conclusion: This study found a high prevalence of anemia in under-5 children, with iron deficiency accounting for the majority of the cases. Children under 2 years were affected more.

scholarly journals Pre-delivery hypotension after spinal anesthesia during cesarean section and its associated factors at Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital, Bhutan

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
Tenzin Yoezer ◽  
Karma Tenzin ◽  
Jampel Tshering ◽  
Yin Min Than ◽  
Kuenza P Wangmo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Spinal Anesthesia ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fasting Duration ◽  
National Referral Hospital

Introduction: The current choice of anesthesia for the cesarean section is spinal anesthesia. However, hypotension is the major complication. If promptly not recognized and treated, it increases the morbidity and mortality of the mother and fetus. This study was conducted to evaluate the rate of pre-delivery hypotension and risk factors following spinal anesthesia for cesarean section at the National Referral Hospital in Bhutan. Methods: A cohort study was conducted from 1st October 2018 to 30th June 2019 on 350 women undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Pre-delivery hypotension was defined as systolic blood pressure < 100 mm Hg. The association of factors for hypotension was tested using multivariable binary logistic regression using a forward stepwise model. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The rate of pre-delivery hypotension was 74.6 % (n=261). History of hypertension during pregnancy (Adjusted OR 0.25, [0.11-0.60], p=0.013), prophylaxis use of ephedrine (Adjusted OR 0.45, [0.22-0.92], p= 0.024) and ondansetron (Adjusted OR 0.43, [0.22-0.82], p= 0.010),longer preoperative fasting duration (Adjusted OR 1.12, [1.01-1.21], p=0.024,), sensory block level <= T4 (Adjusted OR 3.4, [1.8-6.4], p=<0.001) and baseline systolic blood pressure less than or equal to 120 mmHg (Adjusted OR 2.8, [1.5-5.1], p=0.001) were significant risk factors.  Conclusions: This study conduces that the rate of pre-delivery hypotension following spinal anesthesia in a cesarean section was high among women undergoing cesarean section. It is alarming as around two-third of women and fetus undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia are at risk of consequences of hypotension. Most of the risk factors in the study are modifiable. The study suggests that if the anesthesia provider intervenes in managing the modifiable risk factors and treat hypotension promptly, it can help reduce the risk of women and fetus to spinal hypotension consequences.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of diabetes among adults in Jabra area ''block 14’’ in Khartoum state – Sudan: community based study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eltagi A. M. Abdalla ◽  
Ragda F. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem, affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide. The objectives of the study were to estimate the prevalence of and to identify the possible risk factors associated with diabetes among the study population.Methods: A descriptive cross sectional community based study was carried out among 236 adults residing in Jabra area in Khartoum State in Sudan. Data were collected used pre tested structured questionnaire, and validated in a pilot study. The questionnaire included; socio-demographic data and possible risk factor such as (stress, physical exercise, history of pancreatic, history of renal problems and obesity). Anthropometric measurement included weight and height for BMI and laboratory data included random blood glucose (RBG) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG).Results: The present study showed, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among adults in Jabra area was 18.6%. There was no significant sex difference in the prevalence rate. The results showed there was statistical association between diabetes positivity and marital status, age groups, educational level and family income p-values =(0.0002, 0.0004, 0.0005 and 0.0053) respectively. The multivariate analysis indicated family history of diabetes, obesity, physical activity, renal problems and pancreatic diseases were other risk factors associated with diabetes mellitus positivity OR =(2.19 (95% CI 1.10 - 4.34, p =0.027), 3.11 (95% CI 1.13 – 8.56, p =0.0278), 0.28 (95% CI 0.11 - 0.75, p =0.0113), 7.42 (95% CI 2.00- 27.57, p =0.0028) and 12.18 (95% CI 2.28 - 65.1, p =0.0035) respectively.Conclusions: The study found a higher prevalence of diabetes among study population. Risk factors showed a significant relation with higher fasting blood glucose.

Risk Factors Associated With Dengue Fever Outbreak in Taiz Governorate, Yemen, 2018: Case-control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulkareem Ali Hussein Nassar ◽  
Amr Abdulaziz Torbosh ◽  
Yassin Abdulmalik Mahyoub ◽  
Mohammed Abdullah Al Amad
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
P Value ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: Dengue Fever (DF) is a significant health problem in Yemen especially in the coastal areas. On November 6, 2018, Taiz governorates surveillance officer notified the Ministry of Public Health and Population on an increase in the number of suspected DF in Al Qahirah and Al Mudhaffar districts, Taiz governorate. On November 7, 2018, Field Epidemiology Training Program sent a team to perform an investigation. The aims were to confirm and describe the outbreak by person, place and time in Taiz governorate, and identify its risk factors.Methodology: Descriptive and case-control study (1:2 ratio) were conducted. WHO case definition was used to identify cases in Al Qahirah or Al Mudhaffar districts during August-November 2018. Control was selected from the same districts who did not suffer from DF. Predesigned questionnaire was used to collect data related to sociodemographic, behavioral and environmental characteristics. Bivariate and multivariate backward stepwise analyses were used. The adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated. A P value < 0.05 was considered as the cut point for statistically significant. Epi info version 7.2 was used.Results: A total of 50 DF cases were found. Almost 52% were males and 76% were <30 years of age. The overall attack rate was 1/10,000 of the population. Case fatality rate was 4%. In multivariate analysis, not working (aOR = 26.6, 95% CI: 6.8–104.7), not using mosquito repellent (aOR = 13.9, 95% CI:1.4–136.8), wearing short sleeves/pants (aOR = 27.3, 95% CI: 4.8–156.8), poor sanitation (aOR = 5.4, 95% CI: 1.4–20.3), presence of outdoor trees (aOR = 13.2, 95% CI: 2.8–63.0) and houses without window nets (aOR = 15.7, 95% CI: 3.9–63.4) were statistically significant risk factors associated with DF outbreak. Eleven 11 (58%) of blood samples were positive for DF IgM.Conclusions: DF outbreak in Al Qahirah and Al Mudhaffar districts, Taiz governorate was confirmed. This study provides evidence-based information regarding the identified risk factors that contributed to the occurrence of this outbreak. Raising community awareness on the importance of personal protection measures and improving the sanitation services are strongly recommended.

scholarly journals Prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in rural Koppal: a study from teaching hospital, Koppal, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 3792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seema B. N.
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smear ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
World Health ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Severe Anemia ◽  
Mild Anemia ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Background: Anemia is the nutritional deficiency disorder and 56% of all women living in developing countries are anaemic according to World Health Organization. India has the highest prevalence of anaemia and 20% of total maternal deaths are due to anemia. To determine the prevalence of anemia and factors influencing its causation among pregnant women.           Methods: This is the study of 1769 pregnant women which was conducted in a rural population of Koppal district, Karnataka, India, from June 2016 to November 2016 i.e. a period of 6 months. This longitudinal prospective observational study was conducted in the district hospital of Koppal. Anemia was classified as per the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) criteria. The diagnosis of anemia was undertaken by peripheral blood smear examination and standard hemoglobin estimation by shale’s method.Results: The average age of pregnant women was 23.5 years, ranging between 18 and 40 years. Most of the women belonged to below poverty line (BPL) families (84.6%) and Hindu religion (98%). Regarding education, 28.9% were illiterates. The mean haemoglobin level was found to be 8.95. Prevalence of anemia was 96.5% among the pregnant females in this region of rural Koppal. Out of these 22.47% had mild anemia, 56.30% had moderate anemia, 14.98% had severe anemia and 2.73% very severe anemia according to ICMR classification of anemia.Conclusions: High prevalence of anemia among pregnant women indicates anemia to be a major public health problem in the rural community and indicates strict implementation of National Nutrition Anemia prophylaxis programme. Factors such as socioeconomic status, education, birth interval, and gravida contribute to this high prevalence.

scholarly journals Factors associated with undernutrition among children with sickle cell disease attending the sickle cell clinic in Mulago National Referral Hospital, Uganda

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosta Asiimwe ◽  
Rornald Muhumuza Kananura ◽  
Richard Kajjura ◽  
Adoke Yeka
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Mulago Hospital ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Mulago National Referral Hospital ◽  
National Referral Hospital

Abstract Background Sickle cell disease (SCD) is among the neglected non-communicable diseases, which significantly contributes to early childhood mortality. In Uganda, over 20,000 children are estimated to be sicklers. Undernutrition is common among children with SCD and contributes to increased morbidity and mortality. There is paucity of data on prevalence of undernutrition and associated factors in Uganda. Objective To assess the extent of undernutrition and related factors among children aged 5-12 years with SCD attending the sickle cell clinic at Mulago hospital, Uganda. Methods A total of 263 children with SCD attending the sickle cell clinic at Mulago National Referral hospital were recruited consecutively between May and June 2017. The nutritional status of the children was assessed by weight-for-age, BMI-for-age, and height-for-age z-scores calculated using STATA in accordance with WHO 2007 growth standards. Binomial regression was conducted to assess the predictors of undernutrition. Results About 20.2%, 11.4%, and 13.7% of the children were underweight, wasted and stunted respectively. Wasting was significantly associated with older age (10-12 years) (AOR=4.20, CI=2.18-8.10) and living in a female headed household (AOR=0.43, CI=0.19-0.99). Stunting was significantly associated with older age (10-12 years) (AOR=2.90, CI=1.39-6.06). Underweight was significantly associated with older age (10-12 years) (AOR=2.23, CI=1.05-5.16). Conclusion Underweight, wasting and stunting were prevalent among children with SCD attending Mulago hospital. The factors associated with undernutrition were older age and living in a female headed household.

scholarly journals Assessment of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis Using Gene Xpert MTB/RIF Assay and Fluorescent Microscopy and Its Risk Factors at Dessie Referral Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeshi Metaferia ◽  
Abdurahaman Seid ◽  
Genet Mola Fenta ◽  
Daniel Gebretsadik
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Fluorescent Microscopy ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Dessie Referral Hospital ◽  
Xpert Assay

Background.Tuberculosis is a major public health problem and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) accounts for a significant proportion of tuberculosis cases worldwide.Objective.To determine the magnitude of EPTB, associated risk factors, and agreement of diagnostic techniques at Dessie Referral Hospital.Methods.A cross-sectional study was conducted on consecutive presumptive EPTB cases from March 1 to June 30, 2017. Sociodemographic characteristics and other variables were collected using a structured questionnaire. Clinical specimens were collected and processed using fluorescent microscopy and Gene Xpert assay. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Chi-square test and logistic regression were done and a P value of ≤0.05 was taken as statistically significant.Results.From a total of 353 presumptive EPTB cases the overall prevalence of Gene Xpert assay and smear confirmed patients was 8.8% and 2.5%, respectively. Tuberculosis lymphadenitis was the predominant (33.3%) type followed by pleural (11.9%) and peritoneal (6.7%) tuberculosis. Previous history of pulmonary tuberculosis was significantly associated with extrapulmonary infection (AOR:2.8; 95%CI: 1.05-7.54; p=0.04); however, other variables such as age, residence, sex, marital status, occupation, level of education, and monthly income did not show any association.Conclusion.High proportions (71%) of Gene Xpert assay confirmed EPTB patients were smear-negative. Sensitivity of microscopy should be enhanced in resource limited countries like Ethiopia where Gene Xpert machine is not easily accessible.

Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with First-Line Anti-Tuberculosis Induced Hepatotoxicity in Suratthani Hospital, Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-239
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
First Line ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Drug Risk

ackground: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem, including Thailand. Anti-TB drugs are very effective treatment, but they can cause hepatotoxicity. Data on the prevalence of anti-TB drug-induced hepatotoxicity (DIH), as well as the contributing risk factors, are scarce in Thailand. Objective: To measure the prevalence and identify risk factors associated with first-line drugs (FLD) induced hepatoxicity in TB patients. Materials and Methods: The present study was a retrospective study design in TB clinic of Suratthani Hospital, in Southern Thailand. All patients diagnosed with TB and received FLD between January and December 2017, were eligible for the study. Hepatoxicity defined as the following criteria: serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels >5x upper limit of normal (ULN) without symptoms, or AST or ALT >3x ULN with clinical symptoms. Results: Of all the 198 TB cases, 18 were identified as DIH. Prevalence of DIH was 9.1%. Hepatitis after FLD was independently associated with age>60 years (adjusted OR [aOR] 28.49, 95% CI 2.68 to 302.95, p=0.005) and serum albumin <3.5 g/dL (aOR 20.97, 95% CI 2.11 to 208.51, p=0.009). Conclusion: Age of more than 60 years and low serum albumin of less than 3.5 g/dL were significant risk factors associated with first-line anti-TB drugs induced hepatoxicity. Keywords: Hepatoxicity, Anti-tuberculosis drug, Risk factor, Thailand

Rabies Ecology in Bauchi State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Bolajoko Muhammad-Bashir ◽  
Yakubu Joel Atuman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The State ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
P Value ◽  
Public Health Implication ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Canine Rabies ◽  
Dog Ownership ◽  
Dog Owners

Despite availability of safer and cost-effective treatments and vaccines, rabies is still considered among the most fatal viral zoonotic disease worldwide. The epidemiology of rabies is directly associated with the ecology of the reservoirs which needs better understanding to underpin appropriate control measures. There are only few reported attempts made towards understanding the ecology of dog and rabies cases in Nigeria. Although dogs are tolerated and kept in Bauchi State, the risk factors associated with dog ownership in the state, remain to be studied. This study is aimed at determining the risk factors associated with dog ownership in Bauchi state and to evaluate the degree with which the presence or absence of the identified factors can increase or decrease risk of rabies cases in the state. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted amongst dog owners across the state. Basic descriptive analyses were carried out in Microsoft Excel 2016 and IBM SPSS 21 was used to determine the relative risk (RR) of rabies occurrence in households across the state when exposed to each of the identified risk factors where P-value was set at 0.05. A total of 80 questionnaires were completed and received from the respondents. The calculated RR, revealed that the practice of extensive system of management increases the risk of canine rabies amongst dogs of the state by 80% and knowledge of dog owners about canine rabies reduces the risk of canine rabies by 27%. This study confirmed that dogs are owned and tolerated but poorly managed under extensive management system in Bauchi state with increasing risks of rabies spread due to low vaccination coverage and lack of practical application of knowledge on the dangers of rabies amongst the populace. The public health implication of this situation and the need for concerted efforts for sustainable control of rabies in the state is discussed

Nutritional Status and its Correlates in Equatorial Guinean Preschool Children: Results from a Nationally Representative Survey

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estefanía Custodio ◽  
Miguel Ángel Descalzo ◽  
Jesús Roche ◽  
Ignacio Sánchez ◽  
Laura Molina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
World Health ◽  
Equatorial Guinea ◽  
Severe Anemia ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Who Standards ◽  
Nationally Representative

Background In Equatorial Guinea, as a result of the recent growth of the oil industry, there is an opportunity to address important public health problems through public and private initiatives. To propose effective nutrition and public health strategies, it is important first to have reliable information on the nutritional status of the population and the underlying factors affecting it. Objective To assess the nutritional status and the prevalence of anemia among Equatoguinean children in a nationally representative sample and to identify the risk factors associated with the nutritional problems detected. Methods The study was a cross-sectional survey using a multistaged, stratified, cluster-selected sample. The survey included a sociodemographic, health, and dietary questionnaire and measurement of hematocrit and anthropometric features, from which nutritional indicators based on the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) reference and the World Health Organization (WHO) standards were calculated. Logistic regression models were used for the multivariate analysis. A total of 552 children aged 0 to 60 months were surveyed. Results The overall prevalence of stunting (< −2 height-for-age z-scores [HAZ]) was 29.7% based on the NCHS reference and 35.2% based on WHO standards; the risk factors associated with stunting were age ( p < .0001), low socioeconomic status ( p = .01), and fishing by a member of the household ( p = .003) The prevalence of mild anemia (hemoglobin < 110 g/L) was 69.3%, and that of moderate or severe anemia (hemoglobin < 80 g/L) was 8.3%. The only significant risk factor associated with moderate to severe anemia was low household socioeducational level ( p = .01). Conclusions Stunting and anemia are public health problems in Equatorial Guinea. Integrated strategies, including fighting poverty and improving maternal education, should be undertaken.

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