A Study of working population in Uttar Dinajpur District, West Bengal

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-171
Author(s):  
Arpita Roy ◽  
◽  
Narender Verma ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Work Participation ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Mental Work ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas

Work is defined as participation in any economically productive activity with or without compensation, wages or profit. Such participation may be physical and/or mental. Work involves not only actual work but also includes effective supervision and direction of work. Work Participation Rate shows the proportion of working population to total population in an area and is computed as the percentage of total workers (main and marginal) to the total population. The social and economic development of any region is greatly influenced by the number of economically active persons, their quality and the regularity of the work. In this respect, work participation rates are very useful to understand the level of economic development of a region as it differs from the stages of economic development. This paper attempts to study the Work Participation Rate among different categories of workers in Uttar Dinajpur district. It is one of the country's 250 most backward districts and more than two-thirds of its active workforce still draws livelihood directly from agriculture and related occupations. The present study is census data based. From the result, it can be observed that the work participation rate is a little high in Raiganj Sub-division than in the Islampur Sub-division. Although the work participation rates of men are much higher than those for women in both rural and urban areas women's work participation in the district has risen at a faster rate than that of men.

scholarly journals Women’s Work in Response to Urbanization: Evidence from Odisha

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arup Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Work Participation ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors ◽  
The Impact

This article examines the impact of urbanization as a vehicle of modernization on a variable like women workforce participation rate (WFPR), which is highly sensitive to social and cultural factors. Based on district level data, urbanization and women work participation are seen to have a negative association both in the rural and urban areas, although, ideally speaking, urbanization is expected to raise work opportunities. Owing to compulsions, women from poor households participate in the labour market which may result in a positive relationship between poverty and female work participation rate. Further, economic growth and WFPR unravel a negative association which is indicative of either a backward sloping supply curve of women at higher levels of per capita income or growth being non-inclusive and unable to create work opportunities. The lack of jobs of desirable status for a long time in turn leads to the phenomenon of ‘discouraged dropouts’. It is important to counter such distortions through policy interventions so that women are able to access higher levels of skill and education and subsequently participate in the job market instead of withdrawing.

scholarly journals Interdistrict and Interprovincial Differentials in Correlates of Female Labour Force Participation, 1961

1976 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-445
Author(s):  
Nasra M. Shah ◽  
Nasreen Abbasi ◽  
Iqbal Alam
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Work Participation ◽  
Female Labour Force Participation ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Using Data

This paper is an attempt at analysing female labour force participation and its various socio-economic and demographic correlates in Pakistan. Data for the four provinces have been analysed separately in order to get an idea of the diversity between regions and to identify characteristics that influence female work participation in different parts of the country. The area relating to the size and structure of female labour force has received considerable attention in recent years in Pakistan. A preliminary attempt, using 1961 Census data, was made by Bhatti and Alam [1] at iden¬tifying the significant correlates of female work in Pakistan. Yusuf [20] analysed correlttes of male participation in labour force by using data from the 1961 Census. Constraints and cultural definitions relating to types of female work were discussed by Papanek [15], Pastner [14] and Shah [18]. Saeed [17] analysed the factors important in female participation in farm operations, and differentiated between work participation by women belonging to various castes in four villages in Lyallpur. A case study of women's attitudes, environment and activities has recently been made by Khan and Bilquees [4] for a Punjabi Village. Shah [19] analysed from survey data the demographic and socio¬economic influences on female labour force participation in the rural and urban areas of Pakistan.

Rural and Urban Population Changes and the Stages of Economic Development: A Unified Approach

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1161-1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Miyao
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Dynamic Path ◽  
Stages Of Economic Development ◽  
Shed Light

A model is presented which can yield a dynamic path of economic development from very early stages through more advanced stages in an attempt to shed light on what Alonso called the “five bell-shapes” within a unified framework. The model is able to explain not only the occurrence of a downturn in the rural population after the initial phase of population growth both in rural and urban areas, but also the delayed occurrence of such a downturn in many present-day developing countries. The author then focuses the later stages of economic development and explains two alternative courses of urbanization, namely, the reversal process and the continual-growth process, as special cases of the general model; which of the courses occurs depends on the value of the elasticity of urban agglomeration-economies.

scholarly journals MASS PATTERNS OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN TAMIL NADU

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (9(SE)) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Rajendran ◽  
Udaya Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Educational Service ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

Education plays a vital role for economic development of any nation. It reduces social and economic disparities in society. This study explores the public and private higher educational institutions and literacy level of Tamil Nadu. The literacy rate indicates educational level of total population. Education makes and ushers knowledge economy of a country. The importance of educational service is forever growing in the public and private sectors. Education facilitates the acquisition of new technology, skills and knowledge that ultimately increases productivity in rural and urban areas of India. Public and Private partnership institutions play an important role in delivering educational service in the society and itsrole for delivering general and technical educationfor achieving economic development and its producing skill and knowledge of  human resource.

ASSESSMENT OF IMMUNIZATION OF UNDER FIVE CHILDREN OF RURAL AND URBAN AREAS OF UDAIPUR DISTRICT, RAJASTHAN

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-6
Author(s):  
Ganesh Salvi ◽  
Maitri Hathi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Impact

Background: The impact of immunization is not uniform in different social groups till today despite of EPI since long. Current study was held to assess the level of knowledge and actual practice of immunization by mothers of under ve children in a rural and urban belt of Udaipur district. A cross sect Methods: ional study was conducted in blocks Binder, Badgav, Ladiya , Kotra, Girva and Salumber of Udaipur district. Randomly 400 families (200 urban, 200 rural) were selected. Ample health education should be given to parents residing in rural areas to rai Result and conclusion: se their knowledge regarding immunization. In rural areas anganwadi workers, ASHA etc should play a signicant role in bringing awareness about immunization and their benets. The group based approach, frequent camps would be more rewarding compared to area approach due to poor socio-economic development of marginalized group likes rural area for programmes like immunization of children.

Autism and Autistic-like Conditions in Swedish Rural and Urban Areas: a Population Study

1986 ◽  
Vol 149 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Steffenburg ◽  
Christopher Gillberg
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
General Population ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Brain Dysfunction ◽  
Infantile Autism ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Mentally Retarded Children

The total population of children under 10 years in one Swedish urban area and one rural area was screened for infantile autism (IA) and autistic-like conditions (AC). A total prevalence of 6.6 per 10 000 was found, which is somewhat higher than in previous similar studies of the same region. Infantile autism accounted for two-thirds of the cases. Boys far outnumbered girls, but this was entirely accounted for by the IA group. The preponderance of autistic boys was less pronounced among the severely mentally retarded children. Mental retardation was seen in almost 90% of cases and only one child had an IQ exceeding 100; clinical and laboratory signs of brain dysfunction were also found in a majority of cases. Distribution by social class was no different in either patient group from the general population.

scholarly journals Correlates of Women’s Labor Force Supply in Pakistan

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Ghafoor Awan ◽  
Zahir Faridi ◽  
Shazia Bibi
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Estimation Of Parameters ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas

This study has analyzed correlation among those variables that affect women working hours in labor market in Pakistan. We used primary data that was collected from the rural and urban areas of District Multan. A sample of 300 women having eight years education was taken randomly and formal questionnaire was constructed for this purpose. Ordinary Least Square method was applied for estimation of parameters. The results of our empirical study show that various variables have expected signs in analysis. We found that joint family setup, family expenditures, number of dependent, working days and wage rate impact positively and significantly to the working hours of women. In contrast, number of children, nuclear family size, etcare inversely related to the women working hours. Therefore, we suggest that there should be provision of better education for women to improve their working hours and participation rate in labor market.

Assessing socio-economic development in Bodoland Territorial Area District of Assam in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1541-1559
Author(s):  
Nicodim Basumatary ◽  
Bhagirathi Panda
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Socio Economic Development

PurposeThe study attempts to assess the socio-economic development in Bodoland Territorial Area District (BTAD) of Assam in North Eastern Region of India. This region is one of the most underdeveloped areas in India. The study also examines whether demographic and social characteristics in the form of social groups, number of family members, number of employed members in the family, education of the head of household, sources of income and location determine the variation in the level of socio-economic development. The authors surveyed 400 households during February to May 2018 in both rural and urban areas of BTAD to achieve the objective of the study.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use the concept of Amartya Sen's capability approach (CA) for assessment of development and constructed an index of Multidimensional Development.FindingsThere is variation in the distribution of developmental parameters across the study area. It is found that urban locations have better achievement in the multidimensional index score, while the spread of development is not even in the rural locations. An interesting revelation of this study is that while urban areas depict better performance in income, asset, education and empowerment, they have a relatively lower score in health dimension as compared to rural areas. The study shows that level of development depends on demographic as well as social characteristics of the households.Research limitations/implicationsThis study does not analyse temporal dynamics of development that is necessary to examine how development evolves because of data constraints.Originality/valueThe study provides an understanding of the socio-economic development in BTAD area in a multidimensional framework. This study is the first of its kind to assess the nature and extent of development realised in BTAD through the capability framework. The study supports more recent findings.

Non-Economic Factors in the Economic Retardation of the Rural Malays

1967 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brien K. Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Racial Diversity ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Annual Income ◽  
Immigrant Communities ◽  
Plural Society ◽  
Average Annual Income

Malaya has a plural society in which Malays form 49·8 per cent of the total population, Chinese 37·2 per cent and Indians 11·2 per cent. Apart from this racial diversity, there is the added fact that the Malays tend to live in the rural areas whereas the immigrant groups tend to live in the urban areas or on the plantations, and only to a much lesser extent in the rural areas. For example, of the rural population of Malaya, Malays form 70 per cent, Chinese 17 per cent and Indians 11 per cent. In the urban areas of Malaya, Malays make up 23 per cent of the population, Chinese 65 per cent and Indians 10 per cent. In 1957 the average annual income of the adult male in the Malay community was $1,463, as against $3,223 in the Chinese community and $2,031 in the Indian. From these figures it is clear that the Malays have lagged behind the immigrant communities in respect of economic development.

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