scholarly journals Leaf-Gas Exchange of Five Tree Species at Urban Street Sites

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sten Gillner ◽  
Sandra Korn ◽  
Andreas Roloff
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Street Trees ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Urban Sites

For street trees, site-specific soil and microclimate conditions can restrict growth, health, and longevity for many species. Many urban sites are characterized by a high amount of impervious surface and paved areas resulting in a high rate of surface runoff, low infiltration into soil, and strong reradiation effects. In maintaining the ecologic and economic benefits of street trees through future decades, it is essential to establish species with a high tolerance to stressful urban environments. Researchers measured leaf-gas exchange of Acer platanoides, Acer pseudoplatanus, Platanus × hispanica, Quercus rubra, and Tilia platyphyllos to assess stomatal conductance, transpiration, and net photosynthesis at impervious urban sites in the city of Dresden, Germany. The results show significantly higher leaf-gas exchange rates for the species Platanus × hispanica and Quercus rubra, compared to the species Acer platanoides and Acer pseudoplatanus. The significantly higher mean values of water-use efficiency of Platanus × hispanica and Quercus rubra, and in particular the values during the selected periods with a high vapor pressure deficit, indicate more economical water consumption.

scholarly journals Seasonal leaf gas exchange and water potential in a woody cerrado species community

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Henrique Britto de Assis Prado ◽  
Zhang Wenhui ◽  
Manuel Humberto Cardoza Rojas ◽  
Gustavo Maia Souza
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Leaf Water Status ◽  
Mean Values

Predawn leaf water potential (psipd) and morning values of leaf gas exchange, as net photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E), and morning leaf water potential (psimn) were determined seasonally in 22 woody cerrado species growing under natural conditions. Despite the lower mean values of psipd in the dry season (-0.35 ± 0.23 MPa) compared to the wet season (-0.08 ± 0.03 MPa), the lowest psipd in the dry season (-0.90 ± 0.00 MPa) still showed a good nocturnal leaf water status recovery for all species studied through out the year. Mean gs values dropped 78 % in the dry season, when the vapor pressure of the air was 80% greater than in the wet season. This reduction in gs led to an average reduction of 33% in both A and E, enabling the maintainance of water use efficiency (WUE) during the dry season. Network connectance analysis detected a change in the relationship between leaf gas exchange and psimn in the dry season, mainly between gs-E and E-WUE. A slight global connectance value increase (7.25 %) suggested there was no severe water stress during the dry season. Multivariate analysis showed no link between seasonal response and species deciduousness, suggesting similar behavior in remaining leaves for most of the studied species concerning leaf gas exchange and psimn under natural drought.

scholarly journals Effects of Planting Density on Morphological and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Leaves in Different Positions on Cunninghamialanceolata Saplings

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 853
Author(s):  
Zhijun Huang ◽  
Qingqing Liu ◽  
Bo An ◽  
Xiaojian Wu ◽  
Linjun Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Pigment Contents ◽  
Exchange Parameters

The improvement of the stand yield and economic benefits of Cunninghamialanceolata (Lamb.) Hook, one of the most important plantation trees in China, has always been a concern. An appropriate planting density plays an important role in increasing productivity. To determine the optimum planting density of C. lanceolata, we measured leaf morphology, gas exchange parameters, and photosynthetic pigments in replicate leaves on 4-year-old saplings grown in four canopy positions under a low (D1), medium (D2), and high (D3) planting density (approximately 900, 2505, and 6660 trees·ha−1, respectively). We then ranked trait variations using the coefficient of variation to explore the influence of planting density. Planting density significantly influenced the leaf morphology, gas exchange parameters, and the photosynthetic pigment contents of C. lanceolata. Medium planting density (D2) resulted in a larger leaf area and specific leaf areas, a higher net photosynthesis rate, and higher photosynthetic pigment contents. The responses of leaf gas exchange parameters had the most plastic traits that responded to planting density. An appropriate planting density and leaf position might improve C. lanceolata leaf morphology and physiological attributes, which in turn would facilitate growth.

The Effects of Drought on Leaf Gas Exchange and Growth of Three Species of Herbaceous Perennials

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 540a-540
Author(s):  
K.J. Prevete ◽  
R.T. Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Analysis System

Three species of herbaceous perennials were tested on their ability to withstand and recover from drought stress periods of 2, 4, and 6 days. Eupatorium rugosum and Boltonia asteroides `Snowbank' were chosen because of their reported drought intolerance, while Rudbeckia triloba was chosen based on its reported drought tolerance. Drought stress began on 19 Sept. 1997. Plants were transplanted into the field the day following the end of each stress period. The effects of drought on transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and net photosynthetic rate were measured during the stress and throughout recovery using an infrared gas analysis system. Leaf gas exchange measurements were taken through recovery until there were no differences between the stressed plants and the control plants. Transpiration, stomatal conductance, and photosynthesis of Rudbeckia and Boltonia were not affected until 4 days after the start of stress. Transpiration of Eupatorium decreased after 3 days of stress. After rewatering, leaf gas exchange of Boltonia and Rudbeckia returned to non-stressed levels quicker than Eupatorium. Growth measurements were taken every other day during stress, and then weekly following transplanting. Measurements were taken until a killing frost that occurred on 3 Nov. There were no differences in the growth between the stressed and non-stressed plants in any of the species. Plants will be monitored throughout the winter, spring, and summer to determine the effects of drought on overwintering capability and regrowth.

scholarly journals Grapevine species from varied native habitats exhibit differences in embolism formation/repair associated with leaf gas exchange and root pressure

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 1503-1513 ◽  
Author(s):  
THORSTEN KNIPFER ◽  
ASHLEY EUSTIS ◽  
CRAIG BRODERSEN ◽  
ANDREW M. WALKER ◽  
ANDREW J. MCELRONE
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Root Pressure ◽  
Native Habitats

scholarly journals An improved theory for calculating leaf gas exchange more precisely accounting for small fluxes

Nature Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego A. Márquez ◽  
Hilary Stuart-Williams ◽  
Graham D. Farquhar
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange

Long-term liming improves soil fertility and soybean root growth, reflecting improvements in leaf gas exchange and grain yield

2021 ◽  
Vol 128 ◽  
pp. 126308
Author(s):  
João William Bossolani ◽  
Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol ◽  
José Roberto Portugal ◽  
Luiz Gustavo Moretti ◽  
Ariani Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Soybean Root

scholarly journals Shading Effects on Leaf Gas Exchange, Leaf Pigments and Secondary Metabolites of Polygonum minus Huds., an Aromatic Medicinal Herb

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 608
Author(s):  
Fairuz Fatini Mohd Yusof ◽  
Jamilah Syafawati Yaacob ◽  
Normaniza Osman ◽  
Mohd Hafiz Ibrahim ◽  
Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Photosynthesis Rate ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Polygonum Minus

The growing demand for high value aromatic herb Polygonum minus-based products have increased in recent years, for its antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory potentials. Although few reports have indicated the chemical profiles and antioxidative effects of Polygonum minus, no study has been conducted to assess the benefits of micro-environmental manipulation (different shading levels) on the growth, leaf gas exchange and secondary metabolites in Polygonum minus. Therefore, two shading levels (50%:T2 and 70%:T3) and one absolute control (0%:T1) were studied under eight weeks and 16 weeks of exposures on Polygonum minus after two weeks. It was found that P. minus under T2 obtained the highest photosynthesis rate (14.892 µmol CO2 m−2 s−1), followed by T3 = T1. The increase in photosynthesis rate was contributed by the enhancement of the leaf pigments content (chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b). This was shown by the positive significant correlations observed between photosynthesis rate with chlorophyll a (r2 = 0.536; p ≤ 0.05) and chlorophyll b (r2 = 0.540; p ≤ 0.05). As the shading levels and time interval increased, the production of total anthocyanin content (TAC) and antioxidant properties of Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) also increased. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were also significantly enhanced under T2 and T3. The current study suggested that P.minus induce the production of more leaf pigments and secondary metabolites as their special adaptation mechanism under low light condition. Although the biomass was affected under low light, the purpose of conducting the study to boost the bioactive properties in Polygonum minus has been fulfilled by 50% shading under 16 weeks’ exposure.

scholarly journals Ethylene enhances root water transport and aquaporin expression in trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) exposed to root hypoxia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangfeng Tan ◽  
Mengmeng Liu ◽  
Ning Du ◽  
Janusz J. Zwiazek
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Transport ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Hydraulic Conductance ◽  
Root Hydraulic Conductance ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Root Hypoxia ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene

Abstract Background Root hypoxia has detrimental effects on physiological processes and growth in most plants. The effects of hypoxia can be partly alleviated by ethylene. However, the tolerance mechanisms contributing to the ethylene-mediated hypoxia tolerance in plants remain poorly understood. Results In this study, we examined the effects of root hypoxia and exogenous ethylene treatments on leaf gas exchange, root hydraulic conductance, and the expression levels of several aquaporins of the plasma membrane intrinsic protein group (PIP) in trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) seedlings. Ethylene enhanced net photosynthetic rates, transpiration rates, and root hydraulic conductance in hypoxic plants. Of the two subgroups of PIPs (PIP1 and PIP2), the protein abundance of PIP2s and the transcript abundance of PIP2;4 and PIP2;5 were higher in ethylene-treated trembling aspen roots compared with non-treated roots under hypoxia. The increases in the expression levels of these aquaporins could potentially facilitate root water transport. The enhanced root water transport by ethylene was likely responsible for the increase in leaf gas exchange of the hypoxic plants. Conclusions Exogenous ethylene enhanced root water transport and the expression levels of PIP2;4 and PIP2;5 in hypoxic roots of trembling aspen. The results suggest that ethylene facilitates the aquaporin-mediated water transport in plants exposed to root hypoxia.

scholarly journals Normal Cyclic Variation in CO2 Concentration in Indoor Chambers Decreases Leaf Gas Exchange and Plant Growth

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 663
Author(s):  
James Bunce
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Cyclic Variation ◽  
Indoor Exposure ◽  
Elevated Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Gas Exchange System ◽  
Opening And Closing

Attempts to identify crop genetic material with larger growth stimulation at projected elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations are becoming more common. The probability of reductions in photosynthesis and yield caused by short-term variation in CO2 concentration within elevated CO2 treatments in the free-air CO2 enrichment plots raises the question of whether similar effects occur in glasshouse or indoor chamber experiments. These experiments were designed to test whether even the normal, modest, cyclic variation in CO2 concentration typical of indoor exposure systems have persistent impacts on photosynthesis and growth, and to explore mechanisms underlying the responses observed. Wheat, cotton, soybeans, and rice were grown from seed in indoor chambers at a mean CO2 concentration of 560 μmol mol−1, with “triangular” cyclic variation with standard deviations of either 4.5 or 18.0 μmol mol−1 measured with 0.1 s sampling periods with an open path analyzer. Photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and above ground biomass at 20 to 23 days were reduced in all four species by the larger variation in CO2 concentration. Tests of rates of stomatal opening and closing with step changes in light and CO2, and tests of responses to square-wave cycling of CO2 were also conducted on individual leaves of these and three other species, using a leaf gas exchange system. Reduced stomatal conductance due to larger amplitude cycling of CO2 during growth occurred even in soybeans and rice, which had equal rates of opening and closing in response to step changes in CO2. The gas exchange results further indicated that reduced mean stomatal conductance was not the only cause of reduced photosynthesis in variable CO2 conditions.

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