Assessment of Technological Interventions in Farm Women Empowerment

2022 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-145
Author(s):  
A. Shamna ◽  
S. K. Jha ◽  
N. M. Alam ◽  
R. K.Naikand G. Kar
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Farm Women ◽  
Personal Attributes ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Intervention Period ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Technological Interventions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Women play an important role in agriculture. There is a need to empower these farm womento improve their overall wellbeing. An attempt was made to assess the impact oftechnological interventions in terms of participation of farm women in farming activities,change in drudgery involved, involvement in decision making and other attributes relatedto empowerment in North 24 Parganas district of West Bengal involving 110 farm families.The results reveal that there is significant increase in participation in all the selected farmingactivities in post intervention period. Majority of the farm women participated in decisionmaking always in activities like drying (95%), weeding (70%) and storing (70%) in thepost intervention period. The mean drudgery score had also decreased for all the activities,the higher decrease was observed in case of retting (1.525) followed by sowing (1.225).Among the personal attributes studied, the highest difference level in mean was attained incase of self-confidence (2.45) followed by decision making ability (2.15). The present studyclearly indicate that special emphasis on women friendly technologies can make a hugechange in their existing status in agriculture by improving their participation in farmingactivities, decision making ability and self-confidence.

scholarly journals Impact of class-level labelling change on prescriptions of antidepressants for adolescents: An interrupted time-series study using a health insurance claims database in Japan, 2005-2013

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243424
Author(s):  
Yumiko Ogino ◽  
Axel Jeremias Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Intervention Period ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Claims Database ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Labelling Change ◽  
Prescription Rates ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Background In October 2007, the Japanese Health Authority directed that precautions be added to antidepressants (ADs) labelling regarding suicide risk among young people. This study evaluates the impact of the labelling change on AD prescriptions and Japanese adolescent suicide rates. Methods We compared AD prescription rates per 100,000 population as a primary outcome. The intervention group comprised adolescents (10–24 years), while the control group comprised adults (25–64 years). We defined the pre-intervention period as January 2005 to October 2007 and post-intervention as November 2007 to February 2013. Monthly prescription rate data from a commercial claims database were triangulated with annual suicide rates in Japan. We performed segmented regression analysis for the prescription rates, using a quasi-Poisson model, and tested for level and trend changes. Results The commercial claims database included 152,686 adolescents and 195,251 adults during the pre-intervention period and 846,367 adolescents and 1,352,453 adults during post-intervention. Post-intervention, the overall AD prescription rates decreased only in adult males (-95.8 prescription per 100,000) but increased in all other groups. The mean annual suicide rate increased in adolescent males (+1.5 suicides per 100,000) but decreased in all other groups. Overall, the upward trend became moderate or inverse in all groups post-intervention but with a large difference between males and females. The suicide rates rose slightly in adolescents but began declining in adults a year post-intervention. In females, changes in level, trend, and suicide rates were very small in both adolescents and adults. Conclusions Contrary to expectations, the mean prescription rates only decreased in adult males, but not in adolescents, regardless of gender. Downward level and trend change were clearly observed in adult males but not in adolescents, the original target of the updated warning. There were no clear temporal associations between suicide rates and the labelling change in either group.

Social and economic empowerment of women through financial inclusion: empirical evidence from India

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukesh Pal ◽  
Hemant Gupta ◽  
Yogesh C. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Bank Account ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Financial Decision Making ◽  
Financial Decision ◽  
The Impact

PurposeWomen empowerment becomes an important policy discussion in development economics and modernization theory. The empowerment of women can lead to an increase in the quality viz-a-viz the capacity of human resources accessible for economic development. The purpose of this study is to evidence the impact of social and economic dimensions on women empowerment through financial inclusion in rural India.Design/methodology/approachTo reveal the research objective, the study has utilized a primary survey of women respondents from the Gujarat state of India by a simple random sampling method and applied a logistic regression approach to identify the relationship between the need of a bank account (determinant of financial inclusion) as a dependent variable and social and economic dimensions of women empowerment such as earning status, participation in financial decision-making, recipient of social welfare schemes and perception towards the safety of saving as independent variables.FindingsThe results of this study show that earning status, participation in financial decision-making at household level and recipient of social welfare schemes by women have a significant impact on women empowerment through financial inclusion; however, safety of their savings is observed as an insignificant variable, yet the odd value is very high (2.437) in the present study.Originality/valueThe present study is the first of its kind to examine the social and economic status of women and its impact on their requirement of a formal bank account for the overall empowerment of women in rural India.

Aeromedical Decision Making for Military Aircrew with Graves’ Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 980-986
Author(s):  
Edwin Hong-Teck Loh ◽  
Feng Wei Soh ◽  
Brian See ◽  
Benjamin Boon Chuan Tan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Antithyroid Drugs ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
First Line Therapy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Stable Maintenance ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND: Graves’ Disease (GD) is a common cause of hyperthyroidism. Although definitive treatment with radioactive iodine (RAI) is preferred for military aircrew, there are cultural and individual differences in receptivity toward RAI, and clinical guidelines that recommend antithyroid drugs (ATD) as the first line therapy. We examined a case series of Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF) aviators with GD treated with ATD and the impact of their condition on aeromedical disposition.CASE SERIES: All RSAF aircrew diagnosed with GD and treated with ATD over a 15-yr period were retrospectively identified and analyzed to determine the impact on their fitness for flying duties. The mean age of the 13 aircrew was 33 ± 7.1 yr (range, 25–47 yr), with 11 (84.6%) being males. There were 10 (76.9%) who had ATD as the only treatment while 3 (23.1%) were initially treated with ATD but subsequently underwent RAI or surgery. Of the 10 treated with only ATD, 3 (30.0%) were returned to restricted flying, 6 (60.0%) were returned to unrestricted flying, and 1 (10.0%) is still undergoing ATD titration. There were 10 (76.9%) aircrew who were returned to some form of flying duties while on low doses of ATD.DISCUSSION: This case series suggests that ATD is a viable treatment modality in the aeromedical management of military aviators with GD and it is possible to return military aircrew on a stable maintenance dose of ATD to flying duties. A framework is proposed to support the aeromedical decision-making process for military aircrew in the treatment of GD.Loh EH-T, Soh FW, See B, Tan BBC. Aeromedical decision making for military aircrew with Graves’ disease. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(12):980–986.

Women Empowerment and Their Decision-Making Supremacy : a Literature Review Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
Nivedita Agnihotri
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Household Decision ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Status Of Women

Women are an integral part of our society; they have to play diverse role to contribute in economy. Harmonious growth and development of any nation is possible only when women are equally participating in the development process with men. However, in most of the developing countries, the socio-economic status of women is very low. In this paper, we provide a literature review to compared the working and non-working women in household decision-making, using secondary data. We find out that woman’s decisions making power is clearly related to the context in which she lives. It is observed that decisions made by working and educated women get greater substance than the decisions taken by non-working and less educated women. However, Urban and employed women have greater awareness about their rights than rural and illiterate women. In the previous studies, most women are deprived of economic and educational roles opportunities and decision-making. Decision-making of women is controversially as low as the roles and responsibilities of each sector while their male counterparts have relatively high decision-making. Furthermore, we find out that electronic media is also playing an important role behind the women empowerment, since it provides information to women about the world issues, which encourages their self-confidence and motivates them to participate in household matters.

scholarly journals 1098. Perioperative Antibiotic Stewardship for Interventional Radiology Cases Improves Antibiotic Decision-Making

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S390-S390
Author(s):  
Stephanie Sterling ◽  
Arnold Decano ◽  
Evelyn Fabian
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Interventional Radiology ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Antimicrobial Prophylaxis ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Intervention Period ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Adverse Side Effects ◽  
Inappropriate Antibiotics ◽  
Patient At Risk

Abstract Background Appropriate periprocedural antibiotic prophylaxis is critical to optimize in order to reduce excessive antibiotics exposure for patients and to minimize the risk for procedure-related infection. Wrong antibiotic or excess antibiotics increase the risk for development of antimicrobial resistance, Clostridium difficile infection, adverse side effects. Incorrect or missed antibiotic can put the patient at risk for an infection. Methods Interventions included education of vascular and interventional radiology (IR) consult RN and physicians regarding updated institutional antimicrobial prophylaxis guidelines for vascular and IR procedures, creation of a consulting template that incorporated ongoing antibiotics. Review of recent cultures was incorporated into workflow and consult evaluation. Handoff between the IR RN and IR attendings was expanded to include a review of antimicrobials. Results All IR cases were reviewed for antibiotic administration for 3 months pre- and post-intervention. In the pre-intervention timeframe, 23 of 290 procedures (7.9%) were associated with inappropriate antibiotic administration, further delineated as 6 cases where no antibiotics were given, 7 cases of inappropriate antibiotics administered, and 10 cases where extraneous antibiotics were administered. Of the 39 total procedures where antibiotics were indicated, 17 (43.6%) were associated with antibiotic errors. In the post-intervention period, only 9 of 309 total procedures (10.3%) were associated with inappropriate antibiotic administration: missed antibiotics in 3 cases, inappropriate antibiotics in 4 cases, and unnecessary antibiotics in 2 cases. Of the 32 cases where antibiotics were indicated, only 7 (21.9%) were associated with antibiotic errors. Conclusion Incorporating current antibiotics and review of culture data in a preoperative review and template for patients who need a surgical procedure helps guide appropriate antibiotic decision-making and greatly decreases administration of unnecessary antibiotics. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals 1154. Impact of Educational Feedback on Reducing Hospital-Onset Catheter-Associated Urinary tract Infections at an Academic Medical Center

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S412-S412
Author(s):  
Bhagyashri D Navalkele ◽  
Nora Truhett ◽  
Miranda Ward ◽  
Sheila Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Academic Medical Center ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Intervention Period ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Frontline Staff ◽  
Post Intervention Period ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background High regulatory burden on hospital-onset (HO) infections has increased performance pressure on infection prevention programs. Despite the availability of comprehensive prevention guidelines, a major challenge has been communication with frontline staff to integrate appropriate prevention measures into practice. The objective of our study was to evaluate the impact of educational intervention on HO CAUTI rates and urinary catheter days. Methods At the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Infection prevention (IP) reports unit-based monthly HO infections via email to respective unit managers and ordering physician providers. Starting May 2018, IP assessed compliance to CAUTI prevention strategies per SHEA/IDSA practice recommendations (2014). HO CAUTI cases with noncompliance were labeled as “preventable” infections and educational justification was provided in the email report. No other interventions were introduced during the study period. CAUTI data were collected using ongoing surveillance per NHSN and used to calculate rates per 1,000 catheter days. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare pre- and post-intervention data. Results Prior to intervention (July 2017–March 2018), HO CAUTI rate was 1.43 per 1,000 catheter days. In the post-intervention period (July 2018–March 2019), HO CAUTI rate decreased to 0.62 per 1,000 catheter days. Comparison of pre- and post-intervention rates showed a statistically significant reduction in HO CAUTIs (P = 0.04). The total number of catheter days reduced, but the difference was not statistically significant (8,604 vs. 7,583; P = 0.06). Of the 14 HO CAUTIs in post-intervention period, 64% (8/14) were reported preventable. The preventable causes included inappropriate urine culturing practice in asymptomatic patients (5) or as part of pan-culture without urinalysis (2), and lack of daily catheter assessment for necessity (1). Conclusion At our institute, regular educational feedback by IP to frontline staff resulted in a reduction of HO CAUTIs. Feedback measure improved accountability, awareness and engagement of frontline staff in practicing appropriate CAUTI prevention strategies. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals An Electronic Alert for HIV Screening in the Emergency Department Increases Screening but not the Diagnosis of HIV

2014 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 299-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Liu ◽  
J. Sperling ◽  
R. Green ◽  
S. Clark ◽  
D. Vawdrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
New York ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Hiv Screening ◽  
Intervention Period ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Post Intervention Group

SummaryObjective: Based on US. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations, New York State enacted legislation in 2010 requiring healthcare providers to offer non-targeted human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing to all patients aged 13–64. Three New York City adult emergency departments implemented an electronic alert that required clinicians to document whether an HIV test was offered before discharging a patient. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of the electronic alert on HIV testing rates and diagnosis of HIV positive individuals.Methods: During the pre-intervention period (2.5–4 months), an electronic “HIV Testing” order set was available for clinicians to order a test or document a reason for not offering the test (e.g., patient is not conscious). An electronic alert was then added to enforce completion of the order set, effectively preventing ED discharge until an HIV test was offered to the patient. We analyzed data from 79,786 visits, measuring HIV testing and detection rates during the pre-intervention period and during the six months following the implementation of the alert.Results: The percentage of visits where an HIV test was performed increased from 5.4% in the pre-intervention period to 8.7% (p<0.001) after the electronic alert. After the implementation of the electronic alert, there was a 61% increase in HIV tests performed per visit. However, the percentage of patients testing positive per total patients-tested was slightly lower in the post-intervention group than the pre-intervention group (0.48% vs. 0.55%), but this was not significant. The number of patients-testing positive per total-patient visit was higher in the post-intervention group (0.04% vs. 0.03%).Conclusions: An electronic alert which enforced non-targeted screening was effective at increasing HIV testing rates but did not significantly increase the detection of persons living with HIV. The impact of this electronic alert on healthcare costs and quality of care merits further examination.Citation: Schnall R, Liu N, Sperling J, Green R, Clark S, Vawdrey D. An electronic alert for HIV screening in the emergency department increases screening but not the diagnosis of HIV. Appl Clin Inf 2014; 5: 299–312 http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2013-09-RA-0075

scholarly journals Estimating and Comparing Response Times in Traditional and Connected Environments

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (4) ◽  
pp. 674-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anshuman Sharma ◽  
Zuduo Zheng ◽  
Jiwon Kim ◽  
Ashish Bhaskar ◽  
Md. Mazharul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Trajectory Data ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Response time (RT) is a critical human factor that influences traffic flow characteristics and traffic safety, and is governed by drivers’ decision-making behavior. Unlike the traditional environment (TE), the connected environment (CE) provides information assistance to drivers. This in-vehicle informed environment can influence drivers’ decision-making and thereby their RTs. Therefore, to ascertain the impact of CE on RT, this study develops RT estimation methodologies for TE (RTEM-TE) and CE (RTEM-CE), using vehicle trajectory data. Because of the intra-lingual inconsistency among traffic engineers, modelers, and psychologists in the usage of the term RT, this study also provides a ubiquitous definition of RT that can be used in a wide range of applications. Both RTEM-TE and RTEM-CE are built on the fundamental stimulus–response relationship, and they utilize the wavelet-based energy distribution of time series of speeds to detect the stimulus–response points. These methodologies are rigorously examined for their efficiency and accuracy using noise-free and noisy synthetic data, and driving simulator data. Analysis results demonstrate the excellent performance of both the methodologies. Moreover, the analysis shows that the mean RT in CE is longer than the mean RT in TE.

scholarly journals Awareness of Diagnosis and Decision-Making Preferences of Greek Cancer Patients

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Despoina G Alamanou ◽  
Konstantinos Giakoumidakis ◽  
Dimosthenis G Theodosiadis ◽  
Nikolaos V Fotos ◽  
Elissavet Patiraki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Encounter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Objective: In Greece, the old phenomenon of hiding cancer diagnosis and depriving cancer patients of their right to participate in decisionmaking remains a reality. The aim of this study was to assess the decision-making preferences of Greek cancer patients and their awareness of diagnosis. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 229 adult Greek patients diagnosed with cancer, attending the oncology outpatient department (outpatients) or being hospitalized (inpatients), in one general hospital in Athens. Patients who were aware of cancer diagnosis (n=209) were administered at the Control Preference Scale (CPS), a tool, designed to elicit decision-making preferences. The IBM SPSS program, version 21.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results: One hundred and one patients (52.8%) were males. The mean [±standard deviation (SD)] age was 64.8 (±11.2) years. The vast majority of patients knew they suffered from cancer (n=209, 91.3%). Older patients (p=0.003), those who lived in suburbs of the city (p=0.01), those who had lower educational level (p=0.001), those with lower personal income (p=0.001) and shorter disease duration (p=0.001) stated that were unaware of cancer diagnosis. Seventy five (36.2%) patients chose the shared-decision role in decision-making procedures. Lower age (OR 1.04, 95%, CI: 1.00-1.08, p= 0.05) and higher education level (OR 2, 63, 95%, CI: 1.11-6.29, p=0.03) were significantly associated with the preference of patients to actively participate in decision-making regarding treatment. Conclusions: Although Greek cancer patients are aware of cancer diagnosis and treatment, nowadays, they still seem to hesitate in playing a more active role in the decision-making procedures, which portrays the impact of the dominating paternalistic model of doctor-patient relationship in the Greek medical encounter

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