Evaluation of Antibacterial Potential of Ethanol Fruit Peel Extract of Mangifera indica against Isolated UTI Pathogens

Effective use of antimicrobial agents for treatment/management of infectious diseases is decreasing due to emergency of multi-drug and cross resistant strains of pathogenic microbes. Medicinal plants are now increasingly used alone or as an adjunct in the management of infectious diseases as a result of their claimed efficacy and safety. This research focused on evaluating the antimicrobial potential of ethanol fruit peel extract of Mangifera indica against isolated Urinary tract infection (UTI) pathogens. Urinary tract infection (UTI) bacterial strains (staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa) were isolated from midstream urine of infected students using standard procedures after which the isolated Urinary tract infection pathogens were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test by agar-well diffusion method (Cup plate method) and the mean diameter of growth inhibition zones (n=3) of the extract at different concentrations were compared against the controls (sterile water and ciprofloxacin). Ethanol fruit peel extract of Mangifera indica significantly and dose dependently inhibit the growth of all the isolated Urinary tract infection pathogens with E.coli exhibiting the highest inhibition zone ranging from 16.83 to 28.23 mm, this was followed by pseudomonas aeruginosa with inhibition zone of 24.33 mm and staphylococcus aureus least susceptible with 22.63 diameter of zone inhibition. Ethanol fruit peel extract of Mangifera indica demonstrated a dose dependent antimicrobial activity with more pronounced effect exhibited by E. coli suggesting that the extract is more effective against gram negative bacteria despite their permeability barrier, thus suggesting Mangifera indica fruit peel as a potential candidate for the management of bacterial infections especially those caused by gram negative organisms.

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Cyclic Di-GMP Signaling Contributes to Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Mediated Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection

Journal of Bacteriology ◽

10.1128/jb.00410-15 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 198 (1) ◽

pp. 91-97 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Stephanie J. Cole ◽

Vincent T. Lee

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Bacterial Burden ◽

Wild Type ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Content Type ◽

Low Concentrations

ABSTRACTBis-(3′-5′) cyclic dimeric GMP (c-di-GMP) controls the lifestyle transition between the sessile and motile states in many Gram-negative bacteria, including the opportunistic human pathogenPseudomonas aeruginosa. Under laboratory conditions, high concentrations of c-di-GMP decrease motility and promote biofilm formation, while low concentrations of c-di-GMP promote motility and decease biofilm formation. Here we sought to determine the contribution of c-di-GMP signaling to biofilm formation duringP. aeruginosa-mediated catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI). Using a murine CAUTI model, a decrease in CFU was detected in the bladders and kidneys of mice infected with strains overexpressing the phosphodiesterases (PDEs) encoded byPA3947andPA2133compared to those infected with wild-typeP. aeruginosa. Conversely, overexpression of the diguanylate cyclases (DGCs) encoded byPA3702andPA1107increased the number of bacteria in bladder and significantly increased dissemination of bacteria to the kidneys compared to wild-type infection. To determine which of the DGCs and PDEs contribute to c-di-GMP signaling during infection, a panel of PA14 in-frame deletion mutants lacking DGCs and PDEs were tested in the CAUTI model. Results from these infections revealed five mutants, three containing GGDEF domains (ΔPA14_26970, ΔPA14_72420, and ΔsiaD) and two containing dual GGDEF-EAL domains (ΔmorAand ΔPA14_07500), with decreased colonization of the bladder and dissemination to the kidneys. These results indicate that c-di-GMP signaling influencesP. aeruginosa-mediated biofilms during CAUTI.IMPORTANCEBiofilm-based infections are an important cause of nosocomial infections, since they resist the immune response and traditional antibiotic treatment. Cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) is a second messenger that promotes biofilm formation in many Gram-negative pathogens, includingPseudomonas aeruginosa. Here we determined the contribution of c-di-GMP signaling to catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), an animal model of biofilm-based infection.P. aeruginosawith elevated levels of c-di-GMP during the initial infection produces an increased bacterial burden in the bladder and kidneys. Conversely, low concentrations of c-di-GMP decreased the bacterial burden in the bladder and kidneys. We screened a library of mutants with mutations in genes regulating c-di-GMP signaling and found several mutants that altered colonization of the urinary tract. This study implicates c-di-GMP signaling during CAUTI.

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Susceptibility to Antibiotics among Isolated Gram Negative Bacilli from Urine Sample in non Pregnant Women with Urinary Tract Infection

10.24086/bios17.27 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Sahla Abbas ◽

Najdat Mahdi ◽

Khalaf Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Urine Sample ◽

Gram Negative

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Detection of tox A gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa that isolates from different clinical cases by using PCR.

Ibn AL- Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Science ◽

10.30526/2017.ihsciconf.1767 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 26

Author(s):

Rana M. Abdullah Al-Shwaikh ◽

Abbas Falih Alornaaouti

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Otitis Media ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Wound Infections ◽

Tract Infections

Current study obtained (75) isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa collected from different cases included : 28 isolates from otitis media, 23 isolates from burn infections, 10 isolates from wound infections, 8 isolates from urinary tract infections and 6 isolates from blood, during the period between 1/9/2014 to 1/11/2014 The result revealed that the tox A gene was present in 54 isolates (72%) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The gel electrophoresis showed that the molecular weight of tox A gene was 352 bp. The result shows 17 isolates (60.71%) from otitis media has tox A gene, 18 isolates (78.26%) from burn followed by 8 isolate (80%) from wound infection and 5 isolates (62.5%) from urinary tract infection , finally 6 isolates (100%) from blood have this gene.

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Bacteriophage therapy for refractory Pseudomonas aeruginosa urinary tract infection

Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1099/jmm.0.029744-0 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 60 (11) ◽

pp. 1697-1700 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

A. Khawaldeh ◽

S. Morales ◽

B. Dillon ◽

Z. Alavidze ◽

A. N. Ginn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Bacteriophage Therapy

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Frequency of occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Gram-negative bacteremia isolates in patients with urinary tract infection: results from United States and European hospitals (2009–2011)

Journal of Chemotherapy ◽

10.1179/1973947813y.0000000121 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 133-138 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Helio S. Sader ◽

Robert K. Flamm ◽

Ronald N. Jones

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Frequency Of Occurrence ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Negative Bacteremia

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Molecular detection of six virulence genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates detected in children with urinary tract infection

Microbial Pathogenesis ◽

10.1016/j.micpath.2017.03.009 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 107 ◽

pp. 44-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Ali Badamchi ◽

Hossein Masoumi ◽

Shima Javadinia ◽

Ramin Asgarian ◽

Azardokht Tabatabaee

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Molecular Detection

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Heterogeneity of Recent Phase 3 Complicated Urinary Tract Infection Clinical Trials

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofab045 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Simon Portsmouth ◽

Almasa Bass ◽

Roger Echols ◽

Glenn Tillotson

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Study Design ◽

Patient Population ◽

Complicated Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Regulatory Guidelines ◽

New Antibiotics

Abstract Background For new antibiotics developed to treat antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative infections, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulatory pathway includes complicated urinary tract infection (cUTI) clinical trials in which the clinical isolates are susceptible to the active control. This allows for inferential testing in a noninferiority study design. Although complying with regulatory guidelines, individual clinical trials may differ substantially in design and patient population. To determine variables that impacted patient selection and outcome parameters, 6 recent cUTI trials that were pivotal to an new drug application (NDA) submission were reviewed. Methods This selective descriptive analysis utilized cUTI trial data, obtained from publicly disclosed information including FDA documents and peer-reviewed publications, from 6 new antibiotics developed to treat multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections: ceftolozane-tazobactam, ceftazidime-avibactam, meropenem-vaborbactam, cefiderocol, plazomicin, and fosfomycin. Eravacycline was not approved for cUTI and is not included. Results Microbiologic modified intent-to-treat sample size, age, proportions of female patients, acute pyelonephritis (AP), Escherichia coli and other pathogens at baseline, protocol-specified switch to oral antibiotic, and the noninferiority margin were compared. Outcome data included clinical response, microbiologic eradication, and composite outcomes, including a subset of patients with AP. Conclusions A study design can follow regulatory guidelines but still have variable populations. The proportion of AP within a study varied greatly and influenced population demographics (age, gender) and baseline microbiology. A smaller proportion of AP resulted in an older patient population, fewer females, less E coli, and lower proportions of patients achieving success. Fluoroquinolones and piperacillin/tazobactam should be reconsidered as active comparators given the high rates of resistance to these antibiotics.

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Canine Cystitis Caused by Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica

Acta Scientiae Veterinariae ◽

10.22456/1679-9216.90075 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

Author(s):

Raylson Pereira De Oliveira ◽

Débora Mirelly Sobral da Silva ◽

Maria De Nazaré Santos Ferreira ◽

Camila Maria Coutinho Moura ◽

Rômulo Francelino Freitas Dias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Urine Culture ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Blood Agar ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Northeast Region

Background: Urinary tract infection in dogs is usually associated with the presence of bacteria, with a higher prevalence of Gram-negative bacteria, represented mainly by enteric bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Proteus spp., followed by Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. There are scant reports of Salmonella spp. as the causative agent of urinary tract infection in dogs. Indeed, the literature describes only a few cases, most of which involve the isolation of these bacteria in feces. This paper reports a case of canine cystitis caused by Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica in the northeast region of Brazil.Case: A female dog of the Fila Brasileiro breed, about 9 year-old, wormed but unvaccinated, was evaluated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Pernambuco – UFRPE. The dog showed clinical signs of apathy, cachexia, polyphagia, polyuria and opacity of the crystalline lens. The dog’s owner stated that the animal was fed with commercial dog food. In the clinical exam, the patient presented pale mucosa, cachexia, absence of ectoparasites, and her rectal temperature was 39.5°C. Moreover, cardiorespiratory auscultation of the patient revealed tachycardia (190 bpm) and tachypnea (36 bpm). The owner’s main complaint was the clinical condition of frequent urination (polyuria). A urinalysis and urine culture with antibiogram were requested as complementary exams, after collecting the urine by cystocentesis. The volume obtained in the physical examination of urinalysis was 7 mL of yellow urine with a putrid smell, cloudy appearance and density of 1.024. The chemical examination revealed pH 6.5, protein (+++), bilirubin (+), normal urobilinogen and negative reactions for glycoses, ketone, nitrite and urine occult blood. Bacteriuria and pyuria were detected in a urine sediment test. Urine was cultured on blood agar and Levine agar in a bacteriological incubator at 37°C under aerobiosis, for 24 h. This culture produced an exuberant and pure growth of glossy grey bacterial colonies on blood agar and glossy colonies on Levine agar. The Gram test revealed gram-negative bacilli. The sample was subjected to biochemical tests to identify Gram-negative enterobacteria, whose results provided a presumptive identification of Salmonella species. The microbial species was identified using a VITEK 2 Compact®, and was followed by a serology test for the identification of the serogroup using a polyvalent serum, which enabled the identification of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica. The antibiogram showed sensitivity to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and penicillin, and resistance to amoxicillin and ampicillin.Discussion: Clinical signs of cachexia and polyuria may be related to canine urinary tract infection caused by Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, since these symptoms had already been recorded previously in a case of a bacterial infection by the same serogroup. Isolation of Salmonella spp. in a non-selective medium was determinant in identifying these bacteria. Since these are not commensal bacteria of the canine urinary tract, their isolation in this tract indicates that they are responsible for the infection or disease, although such cases are rare. Another aspect that should be highlighted is the risk of human infection, because of the zoonotic potential of Salmonella spp., which may be transmitted by contact with dog urine. This is the first report of the isolation of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica in a case of canine cystitis on the northeast region of Brazil, and underscores the importance of complementary diagnostic exams such as urine culture.

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Prevalence of SUL(1,2), GYR(A, B) and OXA genes among multidrug resistance Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates recovered from women suffering urinary tract infection

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11i2.2234 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 2424-2432

Author(s):

Nabil Salim Saaid Tuwaij ◽

Huda Jameel Baker Al-khilkhali ◽

Haneen Mohamed Mohsen

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Vitek 2 ◽

Resistant Microorganism ◽

Urine Specimens

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a significant concern multidrug-resistant microorganism and a one common gram negative bacteria associated with infections of women urinary tract. Therefore, this work aimed to the molecular screening of Sul(1and 2), Gyr(A and B) and OXA genes among K. pneumoniae isolates in Najaf City, Iraq. Out of 250 urine specimens were collected from women showing symptoms of urinary tract infection during five months January to of May 2019, bacterial growth was157 isolates, included 133 gram negative compared with 24 gram positive bacteria while 98 specimens were no growth. According to the Vitek-2 system, 30 K. pneumoniae isolates were obtained.Data on current work revealed that the 26-35 age group was the highest 14 K. pneumoniae isolates. Results of antimicrobial susceptible recorded all isolates were multi-drug resistant (MDR) and they have a different range of resistance. However, all 30 isolates(100%) resistant to ampicillin drugs, while the lowest rate was 1(3.33%) forImipenemdrug. PCR assay revealed exist of oxa, sul-1, sul-2, gyr-A and gyr-B genes among K. pneumoniae isolates with rates 20(66.66%), 11(36.66%), 22(73.33%), 3(10%) and 17(56.66%) respectively.

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