scholarly journals Characterisation of beam-to-column composite joints beyond current Eurocode provisions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-François Demonceau
Keyword(s):  
Composite Structures ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Technical Committee ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Composite Joints ◽  
Bending Moments ◽  
Axial Loads ◽  
Rotational Stiffness ◽  
Design Rules ◽  
Recent Developments

In EN 1994-1, design rules are given for the evaluation of the mechanical properties of structural steel-concrete composite joints (rotational stiffness, resistance and ductility) based on the component method offered in EN 1993-1-8 and adding specific components for composite joints. These rules cover only the situations for the joints subjected to shear forces and hogging moments. However, during the last decades, researches have been conducted on the behaviour of composite joints subjected to different kind of actions such as sagging bending moments, cyclic loadings, combined bending moments and axial loads, elevated temperatures etc. with the objective of improving/extending the rules presently proposed in the Eurocodes design rules. As an outcome of the Technical Committee 11 of the European Convention of Constructional Steelwork (ECCS) dedicated to the behaviour of composite structures, a publication summarising these recent developments and their main outcomes is under finalisation. Within the present paper, it is proposed to highlight these main outcomes which could be seen as proposals for future improvements of the beam-to-column provisions in Eurocodes in general and of Eurocode 4 in particular.

The Inviolability of Diplomatic Agents in the Context of Employment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Fair Trial ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Employment Contracts ◽  
Domestic Servants ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Diplomatic Immunity ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Way

‘Ordinary’ employment contracts—including those of domestic servants—have been deemed to attract diplomatic immunity because they fall within the scope of diplomatic functions. This chapter highlights the potential for conflict between these forms of immunity and the rights of the employees, and reflects on cases in which personal servants of diplomatic agents have challenged both the existence of immunity and the scope of its application. The chapter examines claims that the exercise of diplomatic immunity might violate the right to a fair trial under Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights and the way in which courts have dealt with these issues. The chapter analyses diplomats’ own employment claims and notes that they are usually blocked by the assertion of immunity, but also reflects on more recent developments in which claims had been considered which were incidental to diplomatic employment (eg Nigeria v Ogbonna [2012]).

Finite Element Analysis of Composite Ceramic-Concrete Slab Constructions Exposed to Fire

2016 ◽  
Vol 861 ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
Balázs Nagy ◽  
Elek Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Composite Structures ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Concrete Slab ◽  
Composite Ceramic ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Beam ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Standard Fire ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

In this research, conjugated thermal and fluid dynamics simulations are presented on a modern hollow clay slab blocks filled pre-stressed reinforced concrete beam slab construction. The simulation parameters were set from Eurocode standards and calibrated using data from standardized fire tests of the same slab construction. We evaluated the temperature distributions of the slabs under transient conditions against standard fire load. Knowing the temperature distribution against time at certain points of the structure, the loss of load bearing capacity of the structure is definable at elevated temperatures. The results demonstrated that we could pre-establish the thermal behavior of complex composite structures exposed to fire using thermal and CFD simulation tools. Our results and method of fire resistance tests can contribute to fire safety planning of buildings.

scholarly journals Recent advances in the electrochemical construction of heterocycles

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 2858-2873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Francke
Keyword(s):  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Ring Formation ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Heterocyclic Chemistry ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Strong Acids ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Made In

Due to the fact that the major portion of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals contains heterocyclic units and since the overall number of commercially used heterocyclic compounds is steadily growing, heterocyclic chemistry remains in the focus of the synthetic community. Enormous efforts have been made in the last decades in order to render the production of such compounds more selective and efficient. However, most of the conventional methods for the construction of heterocyclic cores still involve the use of strong acids or bases, the operation at elevated temperatures and/or the use of expensive catalysts and reagents. In this regard, electrosynthesis can provide a milder and more environmentally benign alternative. In fact, numerous examples for the electrochemical construction of heterocycles have been reported in recent years. These cases demonstrate that ring formation can be achieved efficiently under ambient conditions without the use of additional reagents. In order to account for the recent developments in this field, a selection of representative reactions is presented and discussed in this review.

An analytical model for the behavior of I-shaped beam to cylindrical column connections at room temperature and high temperatures

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seied Ahmad Hosseini ◽  
Mostafa Zeinoddini
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Solution ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Offshore Platforms ◽  
Rotational Stiffness ◽  
Rotation Curves ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Shaped Beam ◽  
Cylindrical Column

PurposeIn this paper, a closed-form analytical solution for the prediction of moment-rotation and the rotational stiffness-rotation curves of I-shaped beam to cylindrical column connections, commonly used on offshore platforms, at room and elevated temperatures, are presented.Design/methodology/approachAn analytical solution for the prediction of moment-rotation and the rotational stiffness-rotation curves of I-shaped beam to cylindrical column connections is presented. The results of this model are compared with those of a non-linear coupled mechanical-thermal finite element model and small-scale experimental tests previously provided by the authors.FindingsIn this paper, a closed-form analytical solution for the prediction of moment-rotation and the rotational stiffness-rotation curves of I-shaped beam to cylindrical column connections, commonly used on offshore platforms, at room and elevated temperatures, is presented. The required yield and plastic moments in this model are provided as an extension to Roark's relationships. The results of this model are compared with those of a non-linear coupled mechanical-thermal finite element model and small-scale experimental tests previously provided by the authors. A reasonable agreement has been found between the analytical model results and the experimental/numerical modeling results.Originality/valueThis article is extracted from the author’s doctoral thesis, and all its achievements belong to the authors of the article.

“Unity in Diversity” Reloaded: The European Court of Human Rights’ Turn to Subsidiarity and its Consequences

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-123
Author(s):  
Mikael Rask Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
Member States ◽  
European Court ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Unity In Diversity ◽  
The Common ◽  
Individual Justice

Abstract The European Convention of Human Rights system was originally created to sound the alarm if democracy was threatened in the member states. Yet, it eventually developed into a very different system with a focus on providing individual justice in an ever growing number of member states. This transformation has raised fundamental questions as to the level of difference and diversity allowed within the common European human rights space. Was the system to rest on minimum standards with room for domestic differences, or was it to create uniform standards? These questions have come up as increasingly contentious issues over the past years and have triggered a number of reforms seeking to introduce more subsidiarity in the system, striking a different balance between the European and national oversight of human rights. The article analyses this turn to subsidiarity by exploring whether the reform process has introduced new forms of difference and diversity within the common space of European human rights. Covering the period from 2000 to the end of 2019 and using a dataset of all judgments of the period, the article provides a structural analysis of developments in reference to the margin of appreciation which is the European Court of Human Rights’ long-standing tool for balancing the common standards, yet leaving space for individual member states to find local solutions to implementing those standards. It concludes that recent developments have contributed to a more federal-style construction of European human rights with more space for differences within the common general standards.

The use of a bree simulation to investigate strain accumulation in 316 stainless steel at temperatures between room temperature and 500°c

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
D J Brookfield ◽  
D N Moreton
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Cyclic Change ◽  
Strain Accumulation ◽  
Temperature Behaviour ◽  
Design Rules ◽  
Axial Tension ◽  
Applied Stresses

This paper details tests undertaken to determine the 1 per cent strain accumulation boundary in stainless steel type 316 strip subjected to constant axial tension and a cyclic change of curvature. Boundaries are obtained for temperatures between 300 and 500°C. These are compared with two design rules, both of which are shown to be conservative. Additionally, the temperature at which the transition from the characteristic room temperature behaviour of continued ratchetting to the ‘shakedown’ observed at elevated temperatures is investigated. Results obtained indicate that this transition temperature is influenced by the magnitude of the applied stresses.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature and Sisal Fiber Content on the Properties of Plaster of Paris

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.20) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aqil M. ALmusawi ◽  
Thulfiqar S. Hussein ◽  
Muhaned A. Shallal
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Sisal Fiber ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Plaster Of Paris ◽  
Micro Cracks ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Negative Effect

Recent developments in the production of ecologically friendly building composites have led to a renewed interest in the use of vegetable fibers as a reinforcement element. Traditional pure Plaster of Paris (POP) can suffer from the development of micro-cracks due to thermal expansion. Therefore, sisal fiber was studied for its potential as an ecological element to restrict and delay the development of micro-cracks in POP. Different sisal proportions of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 wt. % of POP were used to characterize the physical and mechanical properties of POP at the ambient temperature. Then, the effects of temperatures of 25, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500  were investigated. Results proved that the composite of 10% sisal fiber had the best mechanical properties. Also, when the fiber content was increased, the composite’s performance was enhanced, becoming better able to resist elevated temperatures. However, raising the temperature to 300 or above had a negative effect on the mechanical properties, which were significantly decreased due to the degradation of the sisal fiber. 

End moments in open web steel joists

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-124
Author(s):  
S. C. Shrivastava ◽  
R. G. Redwood ◽  
P. J. Harris ◽  
A. A. Ettehadieh
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bending Moments ◽  
Axial Loads ◽  
Simply Supported ◽  
Gravity Load ◽  
Negative Bending

A study is made of the behaviour of open web steel joists having both top and bottom chords connected to a column when the end is subjected to negative bending moments. Six tests are described, three of which examine the behaviour with typical standard connections as detailed and supplied by manufacturers; the other three involve modifications to these connections in an attempt to minimize connection eccentricity. It is shown that the eccentricities inherent in the standard connections examined can have a significant influence on the behaviour and strength of a joist, whereas if the eccentricities are eliminated, reasonably predictable behaviour, based upon the member resistances under axial loads, can be achieved. These results are examined in relation to tie joists, which are designed to be simply supported under gravity load but have the bottom chord extended and attached to a column, and also in relation to joists designed as framing members.

Overview of the Research on Connections in Composite Frames Consisting of Reinforced Concrete Column and Steel Beam

2011 ◽  
Vol 368-373 ◽  
pp. 568-572
Author(s):  
Jin Jie Men ◽  
Qing Xuan Shi ◽  
Qi Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Steel Beam ◽  
Concrete Column ◽  
Composite Joints ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Column ◽  
Composite Frames ◽  
New Type ◽  
Japan And China

Frames consisting of reinforced concrete column and steel beam (RCS) is a new type of composite structures. Background of the research and application of the RCS composite joints and composite frames are overviewed detailedly in this paper. Then the research evolution of the RCS composite joints including experimental research and numerical simulation in America, Japan and China are described in detail. Finally some problems existing and the development directions of research on RCS framing systems in future are pointed out.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document