scholarly journals A Comparative Antimicrobial Analysis of Various Root Canal Irrigating Solutions on Endodontic Pathogens: An in vitro Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhinav Misuriya ◽  
Archana Bhardwaj ◽  
Sanjay Aggrawal ◽  
PS Pawan Kumar ◽  
Satyanarayana Gajjarepu
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Pulp Tissue ◽  
Agar Culture ◽  
Root Canal Irrigation ◽  
Micro Organisms

ABSTRACT Background and objectives Evolution in understanding the poly-microbial environment of both endodontic infections and that of failed root canal treatments has been debatable over the years. The present study was designed to compare and analyze the effect of various root canal irrigation solutions on certain endodontic pathogens in vitro. Materials and methods To analyze in vitro the zone of inhibition of the micro-organisms the following irrigating solutions were employed: a. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) 5% b. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) 3% c. Chlorhexidine 2% d. Chlorhexidine (CHX) 0.12% e. Doxycycline 0.01% f. Doxycycline 0.005% g. MTAD. An agar culture plate inoculated with four endodontic pathogens was used namely 1. Enterococcus faecalis (MTCC-439) 2. Candida albicans (MTCC-183) 3. Fusobacterium nucleatum (ATCC-25586) 4. Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (ATCC-27337) The inoculums were streaked out on the trypticase soy agar plate for discrete colonies with a wire loop using standard method. The inoculated plates carrying the antibiotic disks were incubated in an anaerobic jar in the following way–Anaerobic incubation–the following procedure was used to provide anaerobiosis with an increased concentration of carbon dioxide. By this method the zone of inhibition obtained by different irrigating solutions against different pathogens could be compared. Results MTAD showed maximum antibacterial activity. In case of C. albicans MTAD was less effective than 5% NaOCl, 3% NaOCl and 2% CHX, 0.12% CHX. However, it was more effective against E. faecalis, F. nuleatum and P. anaerobicus. In any case, antimicrobial activity is not the only prerequisite for an endodontic irrigant. E. faecalis strain used in this study showed resistance to doxycycline; also doxycycline was ineffective against C. albicans at 0.01% and 0.005% concentrations. Conclusion It was found that MTAD was more antimicrobial than 5% NaOCl for some of the test micro-organisms; however the ability of MTAD to dissolve pulp tissue is not comparable to 5% NaOCl. In addition, 5 and 3% NaOCl showed significant antimicrobial activity against all test micro-organisms. The best option for a primary endodontic irrigant therefore is 5% NaOCl. How to cite this article Misuriya A, Bhardwaj A, Bhardwaj A, Aggrawal S, Kumar PSP, Gajjarepu S. A Comparative Antimicrobial Analysis of Various Root Canal Irrigating Solutions on Endodontic Pathogens: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(2):153-160.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Tecoma stans and Abutilon indicum Leaves: An In vitro Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 609-615
Author(s):  
M. Binigha ◽  
R. Gayatri Devi ◽  
J. Selavaraj ◽  
A. Jothi Priya
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
The Family ◽  
Abutilon Indicum

Tecoma stans is a flowering plant belonging to the family Bignoniaceae. It is the floral emblem of the Bahamas. Abutilon indicum belongs to the family Malvaceae. It is also called Indian Mallow. Tecoma stans and Abutilon indicumhave antimicrobial activity and can be used in producing antibiotics. There is an urgent need to produce new antibiotics as there is an increase in the development of pathogen resistant drugs. The aim of this study was to compare the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of Tecoma stansand Abutilonindicum leaves. E.faecalis bacteria were maintained in nutrient agar slopes. The powder of the two herbs, were subjected to extraction by Soxhlet extractor and was concentrated to dry residue by Agar well diffusion method. The nutrient broth was inoculated with bacterial strains. The culture was adjusted to 0.5McFarland turbidity standard. Lawn culture was done in Muller-Hinton agar plate and then the plates were dried. A 6 mm diameter well is bored for different concentrations. The extracts were introduced into the well and allowed to stand for 24 hrs. The antibacterial activity was determined by measuring the zone of inhibition. The present finding on the antimicrobial potential of Abutilon indicum and Tecoma stands showed that the two plants have growth inhibitory activity against oral pathogen E. faecalis. Abutilon indicum has a zone of inhibition greater than Tecoma stans. Abutilon indicum exhibited better activity compared to Tecoma stans.

Effectiveness of Root Canal Debris Removal Using Passive Ultrasound Irrigation with Chlorhexidine Digluconate or Sodium Hypochlorite Individually or in Combination as Irrigants

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 68-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Brandao Ferreira ◽  
Melissa Andreia Marchesan ◽  
Yara Teresinha Silva-Sousa ◽  
Manoel Sousa-Neto
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Chlorhexidine Digluconate ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Root Canal Irrigation ◽  
Debris Removal ◽  
Group 2

Abstract Aim The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the cleaning capacity of different auxiliary chemical substances energized with ultrasound in radicular dentin using morphologic analysis. Methods and Materials Twenty-eight single-canal, mandibular incisors were prepared with the Hero 642 canal preparation system following the sequence: 25/12, 30/06, 35/02, and 40/02, 1 mm from the apex. The specimens were then divided into four groups of seven teeth. During biomechanical preparation the teeth were irrigated with 2 ml of distilled water between files. Each group of specimens (n=7) received a final irrigation with 100 ml of the following irrigants that were activated with ultrasound for 3 minutes: Group 1- distilled water; Group 2- 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX); Group 3- 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); and Group 4-the filtrate obtained after combining 0.2% CHX and 2.5% NaOCl. The apical portions of the root canals from each group were then submitted to histological processing and analyzed using optical microscopy. Results Results showed statistical differences between the groups (p<0.01). Groups 1 and 2 (distilled water and 0.2% CHX respectively) were statistically similar in terms of a greater amount of debris, whereas 2.5% NaOCl and the filtrate were more efficient in removal of debris. Conclusion There is no additional benefit in terms of debris removal from root canal walls by irrigating with the filtrate obtained from the combination of NaOCl and CHX when compared to using NaOCl alone. Clinical Significance The findings of this study suggest the time and expense of preparing and using a combination of NaOCl and CHX is not warranted compared to using NaOCl alone for root canal irrigation. Citation Ferreira RB, Marchesan MA, Silva-Sousa YT, Sousa-Neto M. Effectiveness of Root Canal Debris Removal Using Passive Ultrasound Irrigation with Chlorhexidine Digluconate or Sodium Hypochlorite Individually or in Combination as Irrigants. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 July; (9)5:068-075.

scholarly journals An in vitro evaluation of the degree of pulp tissue dissolution through different root canal irrigation protocols

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Iandolo ◽  
Massimo Amato ◽  
Giuseppe Pantaleo ◽  
Dina Abtellatif ◽  
Andrea Blasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Pulp Tissue ◽  
In Vitro Evaluation ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Root Canal Irrigation

Antimicrobial Efficacy of a Novel Root Canal Irrigant Made from Coconut and Bromelain Extract against Biofilm Forming Pathogens– An In vitro Evaluation

2021 ◽  
pp. 5222-5226
Author(s):  
Jerry Jose ◽  
Ajitha Palanivelu
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Measured Quantity ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Root Canal Irrigant

Objective: Sodium hypochlorite is shown to be a gold standard intracanal irrigant which has shown to have adequate antimicrobial properties and tissue dissolving properties. The toxicity of these irrigants are seen to be high towards various cells. Natural irrigants provide an alternative to show adequate antimicrobial activity and lesser cytotoxicity potential. The current study proposes a novel intracanal irrigant made from coconut and bromelain extract. Material and Methods: 10grams of sodium hydroxide was dissolved in deionized water followed by which 60ml of coconut oil was added to the warm water bath (40C). The final product was left to dry and crushed manually to powder. This powder was then taken in measured quantity to make a final product containing 20% of coconut and 4% of bromelain. The obtained irrigant was then evaluated against Enterococcus faecalis using Agar well diffusion method. Results: For the natural irrigant, the maximum zone of inhibition was seen highest at 22mm against Enterococcus faecalis and 25mm against Candida Albicans. For 3% sodium hypochlorite when compared against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida Albicans showed a maximum zone of inhibition at 33mm against Enterococcus faecalis and 35mm against Candida Albicans. Conclusion: The study shows that the novel irrigant derived from coconut and bromelain extract has a good antimicrobial efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans. It can be concluded that it has a potential application as a root canal irrigant for root canal disinfection.

scholarly journals An in vitro comparison of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Three Root Canal Irrigants—BioPure MTAD, 2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate and 5.25% Sodium Hypochlorite as a Final Rinse against E. faecalis

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 842-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Rama Rao ◽  
Vinod Agrawal ◽  
Kanupriya Dhingra ◽  
V Rajesh Gopal ◽  
Abhijita Mohapatra
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Pulp Tissue ◽  
Root Canal Irrigants ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
In Vitro Comparison

ABSTRACT Aim This study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) and BioPure MTAD when used as a final rinse against Enterococcus faecalis. Materials and methods Sixty single-rooted premolars were biomechanically prepared, inoculated with E. faecalis and divided into various groups. These were then irrigated with the test irrigants and tested microbiologically for growth of E. faecalis immediately after irrigation and after 48 hours. Results Statistical analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the antibacterial activities of BioPure MTAD, 2% CHX and 5.25% NaOCl at 5 minutes; however, the antibacterial activities of the three irrigants were comparable after 2 days of irrigation Conclusion The present study concludes that BioPure MTAD is as effective against E. faecalis as 5.25% NaOCl and more effective than 2% CHX. Clinical significance E. faecalis is one of the most resistant intracanal species and a possible cause of root canal failure. Many authors have stressed the importance of using antimicrobial irrigants during chemomechanical preparation to ensure complete disinfection. Therefore, various irrigating solutions have been used during and immediately after root canal preparation to remove debris and necrotic pulp tissue and to eliminate microorganisms that cannot be reached by mechanical instrumentation. How to cite this article Agrawal V, Rao MSR, Dhingra K, Gopal VR, Mohapatra A, Mohapatra A. An in vitro comparison of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Three Root Canal Irrigants—BioPure MTAD, 2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate and 5.25% Sodium Hypochlorite as a Final Rinse against E. faecalis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(5):842-847.

The role of intracanal medicaments in inhibition of bacteria isolated from root canals of infected primary molars

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Dr. Maha Abdul- Kareem Mahmood ◽  
Dr. Huda Elias Ali ◽  
Dr. Haraa Khairi Abdul-Kadher
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Primary Molars ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
Micro Organisms

Microbes are considered as the primary etiologic agents in endodontic diseases.Disinfection of the root canal is obtained by the combined effect of biomechanicalpreparation, irrigation and intra canal medicament. The aim of the present study wasto assess the antimicrobial activity of intracanal medicaments (formocresol andEndosepton) against two micro organisms (Streptococcus mutans and staphylococcusaureus) isolated from 15 necrotic pulps of primary molars indicated for pulpectomyprocedure. The samples were cultured, and purified using microbiological evaluation.Broth dilution test was performed in our study by preparing test tubes containing10 ml of BHI broth (pH. 7) which then inoculated with strains of the tested bacteriaand incubated at 37 C° for 24 h. After over night incubaction, ten fold dilution weremade in test tubes containing 9 ml of normal saline by adding 1 ml of the inoculum tothe first tube . Then from dilution 10-1 , 0.1 ml of cell suspension was added to 9.9 mlof formocresol and endosepton, then 0.1 ml was taken and spread on duplicates ofBHI agar plates at different intervals and incubated aerobically for 24 h. at 37 C°.Colonies on the plates were counted after incubation and CFU/mL (colony formingunit) was calculated. Our results indicating that there were no significant differencesbetween the intracanal medicaments, but there were high significant differencesbetween the intervals time of the study. We concluded that both materials had greatantibacterial effect against the pathogens commonly isolated from necrotic pulpaltissue of primary teeth.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Antimicrobial Activity of Commercially Available Herbal Toothpastes on Microorganisms Associated with Diabetes Mellitus

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 924-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reena Kulshrestha ◽  
J Kranthi ◽  
P Krishna Rao ◽  
Feroz Jenner ◽  
V Abdul Jaleel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method

ABSTRACT Aim The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of commercially available herbal toothpastes against the different periodontopathogens. Materials and methods Six herbal toothpastes that were commonly commercially available were included in the study. Colgate herbal, Babool, Meswak, Neem active, Dabur red toothpastes were tested for the study whereas sterile normal saline was used as control. Antimicrobial efficacies of dentifrices were evaluated against Streptococcus mutans and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. The antimicrobial properties of dentifrices were tested by measuring the maximum zone of inhibition at 24 hours on the Mueller Hinton Agar media inoculated with microbial strain using disk diffusion method. Each dentifrice was tested at 100% concentration (full strength). Results The study showed that all dentifrices selected for the study were effective against the entire test organism but to varying degree. Neem active tooth paste gave a reading of 25.4 mm as the zone of inhibition which was highest amongst all of the test dentifrices. Colgate Herbal and Meswak dentifrices recorded a larger maximum zone of inhibition, measuring 23 and 22.6 mm respectively, compared to other toothpastes. All other dentifrices showed the zone of inhibition to be between 17 and 19 mm respectively. Conclusion The antibacterial properties of six dentifrices were studied in vitro and concluded that almost all of the dentifrices available commercially had antibacterial properties to some extent to benefit dental health or antiplaque action. How to cite this article Jenner F, Jaleel VA, Kulshrestha R, Maheswar G, Rao PK, Kranthi J. Evaluating the Antimicrobial Activity of Commercially Available Herbal Toothpastes on Microorganisms Associated with Diabetes Mellitus. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(5):924-929.

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