scholarly journals Evaluation of Breast Masses by Sonomammography and X-ray Mammography in Correlation with Histopathological Findings

2017 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 003-006
Author(s):  
Namita Chandak ◽  
Rajasbala Dhande
Keyword(s):  
Breast Imaging ◽  
Benign Lesion ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Malignant Lesion ◽  
Diagnostic Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sebaceous Cyst ◽  
Breast Infection

Abstract Introduction: Breast lumps are common presenting complaints in the female surgical outpatient department, which are due to varied breast pathologies. Breast infection most commonly affects women aged 18 to 50 years; in this age group, it can be divided into lactational and nonlactational infections. The process can affect the skin overlying the breast, where it can be a primary event, or it may be secondary to a lesion, such as sebaceous cyst or hidradenitis suppurativa. Aim: The aim of this article was to find out sonographic features of benign and malignant masses and correlate X-ray mammography and sonographic findings with histopathology with classification of all breast lesions according to the breast imaging reporting and data system final assessment categories (BI-RADS) (mammography). Materials and methods: This was a prospective diagnostic study conducted on 50 female patients from September 2015 to August 2016 in the Department of Radiodiagnosis in a tertiary care hospital. Results: In benign lesion, 24 (48%) of the patients had fibroadenoma, 2% intraductal papilloma, and 1 (2%) each had galactocele and tubercular abscess; in malignant lesion, 23 (46%) had ductal malignancy. Conclusion: The ultrasound features are helpful in differentiating benign from malignant masses. Classification of the lesions according to BI-RADS helps to improve the management of lesions.

scholarly journals RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF MAMMOGRAM, SONOMAMMOGRAM AND ITS HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CORRELATION AS AN AID FOR DIAGNOSIS OF BREAST LESIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Sathish babu ◽  
Arifkhan Sainudeen ◽  
Abdul Eksana
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Imaging ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Benign Lesion ◽  
Malignant Lesion ◽  
Breast Lesions ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Malignant Breast ◽  
Malignant Lesions

INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is the most common cancer impacting 2.1 million women each year and also relates to the most cancer related deaths in women. In 2018, it was estimated that 627,000 women died from breast cancer which approximates to 15 % of all cancer related deaths among women [1]. The triple test– clinical examination, mammography and core biopsy helps in differentiating benign and malignant lesions. Histopathological examination is considered being the gold standard test for confirming malignant lesions and forms the basis of management. AIM: To assess sensitivity of mammogram with ultrasonography in diagnosing various breast lesions and to correlate the categorized breast lesions (BI-RADS) with histopathology reports and thereby obtain specificity and NPV of evaluation using Mammogram and ultrasonography. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective analytical study. Study Period: July 2018 – July 2019. METHODS: The results of ultrasonography and mammography of 72 cases diagnosed clinically with breast lesions over the period of one year in tertiary health care hospital were compared with histopathology reports. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 45.65 ± 3.19. Our results showed that in histopathology reports in 20 patients (27.78%) were malignant, 51 cases (70.83%) had benign disease and 1 case 1.39% was borderline malignant. Fibroadenoma was the commonest benign lesion whereas infiltrating ductal carcinoma was the most common malignant lesion. Breast Imaging – Reporting and Data System (BIRADS) by mammogram revealed category II in 54.1%, III in 20.8%, IV in 16.6% and V in 8.3%. The specificity of mammography alone in diagnosing malignant breast lesions was 90.1%. When combined (ultrasound and mammogram), the specificity in diagnosing malignant breast lesion was 98.5% CONCLUSION: Mammography and sono-mammogram plays an important role in the diagnostic and surgical management of breast lesions with correlative histopathology evaluation. The diagnostic accuracy shows significant improvement when mammogram was combined with ultrasound correlation and thereby improving sensitivity and specificity of diagnosing malignant breast lesions.

scholarly journals Conjunctival Lesions: A 5-Year Basic Demographic Data and Clinicopathological Review in a Tertiary Eye Care Hospital

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hind M. Alkatan ◽  
Khalid M. Alshomar ◽  
Hala A. Helmi ◽  
Wajda M. Alhothali ◽  
Abdulaziz M. Alshalan
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Malignant Lesion ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Malignant Lesions

Abstract Background Conjunctival lesions are common with a wide spectrum of benign, premalignant, and malignant lesions. Few histopathological studies have been conducted on conjunctival lesions with variable designs and results. Our aim in this study is to provide information on common conjunctival lesions seen in an ophthalmology tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia. Methods A retrospective, observational study of all consecutive conjunctival tissue specimens sent for histopathological assessment to the pathology department from 2015 to 2019 were analyzed. Clinical data were collected from medical records, and the histopathological slides were reviewed by a single pathologist. Results A total of 110 conjunctival specimens from 108 patients were included (mean age: 53 years, 67 males and 43 females). Bilateral involvement was mostly found in inflammatory lesions (40%). Most lesions were benign (91%), with a significantly longer duration of symptoms in malignant lesions (p = 0.036*). The clinical diagnosis matched the final histopathological diagnosis in 75.5% of the total specimens. The most frequent category of benign lesions was fibrodegenerative and proliferative lesions (53.6%), with a significantly higher prevalence among adult males (p < 0.001). Melanocytic lesions were more common in children (33.3%) than adults (9.8%), and the mean age of children was significantly lower (p = 0.013). The most frequent malignant lesion was ocular surface squamous neoplasia (50%), with equal prevalence among males and females. The overall outcome was favorable in 89.4% and unfavorable in 10.6%, mostly due to surgical complications, further progression of the lesion, or recurrence. Conclusion This study shows variability in the frequency of conjunctival lesions based on gender, age, geographical, racial, and environmental factors. There has been a shift in the gender-based prevalence of ocular squamous neoplasia over the last three decades, probably due to a change in lifestyle.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Assessment of Adrenal Function in the Early and Prolonged Phases of Critical Illness in Septic Patients: Relations to Cytokine Levels and Outcome

2014 ◽  
Vol 99 (12) ◽  
pp. 4471-4480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitra Argyro Vassiliadi ◽  
Ioanna Dimopoulou ◽  
Marinella Tzanela ◽  
Evangelia Douka ◽  
Olga Livaditi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Sepsis Diagnosis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Context: Adrenal dysfunction remains a controversial issue in critical care. The long-stay intensive care unit (ICU) population may be at increased risk of adrenal insufficiency. Objective: We aimed to determine whether adrenal dysfunction develops during the course of sepsis. Design: This is a prospective observational longitudinal study. Setting: The study was conducted in the ICU of a secondary/tertiary care hospital Patients: We studied 51 consecutive mechanically ventilated patients with sepsis. Intervention: We measured cortisol, ACTH, cortisol-binding globulin, cytokines, and cortisol 30 minutes after 1 μg ACTH(1–24), upon sepsis diagnosis and every 3 to 4 days, until Day 30 or until recovery or death. Main Outcome Measures: We looked for changes in baseline and stimulated cortisol levels and its relationship to ACTH levels, sepsis severity or survival. Results: Baseline and stimulated cortisol levels did not vary significantly. Septic patients with shock had higher baseline (20 ± 6 vs 17 ± 5 μg/dL, P = .03) and stimulated cortisol levels (26 ± 5 vs 23 ± 6 μg/dL, P = .04), compared with those without shock. On Day 1, ACTH levels could not predict cortisol levels (R2 = 0.06, P = .08). ACTH levels increased significantly after Day 10 and, at this time point, they related to cortisol levels (R2 = 0.35, P &lt; .001). Development of septic shock, or resolution from it, was not associated with changes in baseline, stimulated cortisol levels, or the cortisol increment. There was much inpatient variability in the diagnosis of adrenal dysfunction at different time points. Conclusions: Total cortisol levels relate both to the severity and outcome of sepsis and remain fairly unchanged during the course of illness. Initially, cortisol levels are largely ACTH independent, whereas ACTH increases and correlates with cortisol levels later on. Adrenal dysfunction does not seem to be a major problem during the prolonged phase of sepsis. Although not significant, the variation in cortisol levels may be such that classification of patients varies, questioning the utility of arbitrary cut-offs to define adrenal dysfunction in septic patients.

scholarly journals Clinical profile of tracheo-bronchial foreign body inhalation at tertiary care center

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 1520
Author(s):  
Vivek Samor ◽  
Vijay Kumar ◽  
Deep Chand ◽  
Gaurav Gupta ◽  
Mamta . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Main Bronchus ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Diagnostic Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bronchial Foreign Body ◽  
Chest X Ray

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Inhalation of foreign bodies can be life threatening and are common in paediatric age group with peak incidence in the age group of 1-3 years. The objectives were to study the clinical profile of foreign body (FB) inhalation and to study the complications of tracheo-bronchial foreign body and rigid bronchoscopy.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A cross-sectional hospital based diagnostic study conducted for 1 year, done on 50 patients with FB inhalation, included consecutively in study after obtaining informed consent. Patients were assessed and interviewed for socio demographic details and examined using chest X-ray PA view, routine investigations and pre-anaesthetic evaluation. After all investigations a diagnostic bronchoscopy under general anaesthesia was performed to extract the foreign body. Data were analyzed through tables and diagrams and appropriate test of significance by Epi Info software.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Total 50 FB inhalation cases (up to 10 years) in which 40% presented within 5 days to 2 weeks after inhalation. 92% were presents with cough and on chest examination 88% found to had decreased air entry, 72% presents with decreased movement and dull percussion on affected side. 70% of patients had abnormal chest X-ray finding. Foreign body found were groundnut (44%) followed by supari (32%) mostly in right main bronchus. We observed 10% patients with pneumonia, 4% had granuloma and 2% had bronchospasm.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Prevention is best, but early recognition remains a critical factor in the treatment of FB inhalation in children. </p>

scholarly journals URO-DYNAMIC EVALUATION

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (03) ◽  
pp. 361-366
Author(s):  
SAQUIB HANIF JANJUA ◽  
TARIQ MEHMOOD ◽  
REHANA YASMIN ◽  
Zaheer Ahmad GiLL ◽  
M. Farooq Azam Rathore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Incontinence ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Urodynamic Evaluation ◽  
Study Materials ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Trained Staff

Objective: To describe the pattern of Urodynamic evaluation at ArmedForces Institute of Rehab Medicine, Rawalpindi. Study Design: Descriptive study. Materials and Methods: This studywas conducted on 466 patients reporting for urodynamic evaluation at Urodynamic/Incontinence Clinic at A F Instituteof Rehab Medicine from Feb 2003 to Dec 2006. We considered the age, gender, etiology, reason for referral, andpresenting complaints whereas results were formulated according to Classification of voiding disorders by Internationalsociety of Incontinence. Data was analyzed using statistical package forSocial Science version 10. Results: In all (466)patients, 58% were males and 42% were females. Mean age was 46.8 years. Increased frequency (61%) andincontinence (52%) were the most common presenting complaints, 158(34%) had spinal cord injuries, 58 were casesof myelodysplasias and 128 reported with stress incontinence. Urodynamic studies showed that 152(33%) hadhyperactive bladders, 110(24%) had a contractile/hypo-contractile bladders, 104(22%) had stress incontinence and56(12%) cases had normal results. Conclusion: Urodynamics helps in diagnosis of potentially life threatening urinaryproblems. The availability of this equipment and trained staff must be encouraged at tertiary care hospital. Moreresearch is required in this regard in Pakistan, which shall help in formulating better management protocols in future

scholarly journals Determinants, characteristics and treatment of neck pain in a tertiary care hospital in Kerala

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liya Roslin Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Neck Pain ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Muscle Relaxants ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Physical Medicine ◽  
Neck Stiffness ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Study Population

Background: This study was undertaken to study the determinants, clinical characteristics and treatment pattern of neck pain in patients attending outpatient department of Physical medicine and Rehabilitation in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: Study comprehended single patient visit. Data regarding patient demographics, characteristics of neck pain and clinical diagnosis, drugs prescribed to each patient were recorded in a pre prepared proforma. Clinician’s opinion about patient’s X-ray of cervical spine and the data regarding alternative treatment modalities were also noted. Data analysis was done with the help of excel 2007 and SPSS 16 statistical software.Results: Among 170 patients included in the study 38.8% of patients were in the age group of 40-49 years with M:F ratio-1:2.9. 98.8% of patients experienced radiation of neck pain to one or both arms. Neck pain also was associated with numbness in arm (82.4%), forearm (61.8%) or hand (59.4%) and neck stiffness (99.4%). Half of the study population were found to have neurological deficit. 98.2% of patients had positive radiological evidence for neck pain. Cervical spondylosis (85.9%) was the most commonly observed cause for neck pain. All patients received pharmacotherapy with NSAIDS and muscle relaxants. Diclofenac was the most commonly prescribed NSAID. 45% of the patients received alternative and complementary treatments for neck pain.Conclusions: NSAIDs and central skeletal muscle relaxants are the commonly prescribed medications and alternative treatments like spinal manipulation and physiotherapy appears to be beneficial in patients with neck pain.

scholarly journals Radiological Parameters for Conservative Management of Solid Organ Injuries in a Tertiary Care Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 672-676
Author(s):  
Hridhay. K.Prit ◽  
Dr. Perumal Boney
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Conservative Management ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
The Past ◽  
Radiological Parameters ◽  
Hepatic Injuries

The management of solid organ injuries has changed drastically over the past couple of decades, with there being a shift from operative to conservative mode of management. The main purpose of this study is to establish radiological parameters for conservative management in order to make conservative mode of management more efficient. Retrospective analysis of solid organ injuries was done for 50 patients between January 2020 and March 2020 in a tertiary care hospital. It is found that conservative mode of management can be considered for patients belonging to grade I, II and III according to AAST classification of Splenic and Hepatic injuries whereas in Renal injuries it is considered for patients belonging to grade I and II

scholarly journals Prevalence and Correlates of Vitamin B12 Deficiency among Depressive Patients Presenting in the Tertiary Care Hospital of Gandaki Province of Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 822-825
Author(s):  
Jai Bahadur Khattri ◽  
Srijana Thapa Godar ◽  
Anil Subedi
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
B12 Deficiency ◽  
Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Patients

Introduction: The prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in depression is not clear and more research is needed. Objectives: The objective of this study is to find the prevalence of deficiency of vitamin B12 level in the depressed patient. The second objective is to find the prevalence of deficiency of vitamin B12 according to different socio-demographic variables. Methodology: The patients diagnosed as depressive episodes according to the International Classification of Disease – 10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders were selected from the Psychiatric Out-Patient Department of Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara.  The proforma was used to collect the socio-demographic profile of the patient. The serum sample of the 50 patients was sent for vitamin B12 estimation. Serum concentrations less than 239 pg/ml was considered deficient in this study. Results: The overall prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency was 22% in the depressed patients. The mean age of the total patients were 39.2 years with the standard deviation of 13.75 years. Vitamin B12 deficiency was more prevalent in the socio-demographic variables like age above 61 years, Brahmin and Chhetri caste, female gender, unmarried groups, and in the patients living in the urban area as compared to other variables. Conclusion: The result shows that vitamin B12 deficiency is common in the patients with depression. Clinicians should be aware of the risk for vitamin B12 deficiency in depressive patients.  As this study was done in limited geographical area and sample size being small, further larger studies are needed before generalizing these results.

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