Oral Cancer Prevention Strategies: A Great Deal Remains to be Done

High-risk human papillomavirus strains are widely known to be the causative agents responsible for cervical cancer development. Aggregated damage caused by papillomaviruses solely is estimated in at least 5% of all malignancies of the human body and 16% in cancers that affect the female genital area. Enhanced understanding of the complex issue on how the high extent of carcinogenicity is eventually formed due to the infection by the Papoviridae family would contribute to enhancing current prevention strategies not only towards cervical cancer, but also other HPV associated cancers. This review article is aimed at presenting the key points in two directions: the current cervical cancer prevention and related aspects of HPV behavior. Virtually all applied technologies related to HPV diagnostics and screening programs, such as HPV tests, colposcopy-based tests (VIA/VILI), conventional and liquid-based cytology, currently available are presented. Issues of availability, advantages, and drawbacks of the screening programs, as well as vaccination strategies, are also reviewed in the article based on the analyzed sources. The current point of view regarding HPV is discussed with emphasis on the most problematic aspect of the HPV family concerning the observed increasing number of highly carcinogenic types. Present trends in HPV infection diagnostics throughout the human fluids and tissues are also reported, including the latest novelties in this field, such as HPV assay/self-sample device combinations. Besides, a brief outline of the related prevention issues in Kazakhstan, the leading country of Central Asia, is presented. Kazakhstan, as one of the post-soviet middle-income countries, may serve as an example of the current situation in those terrains, concerning the implementation of globally accepted cervical cancer prevention strategies. Along with positive achievements, such as the development of a nationwide screening program, a range of drawbacks is also analyzed and discussed.

Download Full-text

BRCA1/2 Genetic Testing in the Community Setting

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2002.08.147 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 20 (22) ◽

pp. 4485-4492 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Wendy Y. Chen ◽

Judy E. Garber ◽

Suzanne Higham ◽

Katherine A. Schneider ◽

Katie B. Davis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Genetic Testing ◽

Cancer Prevention ◽

Community Setting ◽

The United States ◽

Care Providers ◽

Prevention Strategies ◽

History Of ◽

Genetic Results

PURPOSE: BRCA1/2 genetic testing has been commercially available in the United States since 1996. Most published reports described BRCA1/2 testing as research studies at large academic centers, but less is known about testing in the community. This study evaluates the process and early outcomes of BRCA1/2 genetic testing as a clinical service in the community setting. METHODS: Surveys were mailed to women in the United States whose health care providers ordered BRCA1/2 genetic testing from Myriad Genetic Laboratories from August 1998 through July 2000. Women tested at 149 large academic centers were excluded. Main outcome measures were demographic characteristics, recall of and satisfaction with the genetic testing process, and likelihood of pursuing cancer prevention strategies. RESULTS: Among the 646 respondents, 414 (64%) had a personal history of cancer and 505 (78%) had at least one first-degree relative with breast and/or ovarian cancer. Most subjects (82%) recalled discussions of informed consent before testing (median time, 30 minutes). Genetic results were conveyed during an office visit (57%), by telephone (39%), or by mail (3%). More than 75% of respondents were “very satisfied with the counseling received.” Cancer-free subjects with a germline mutation were more likely to consider prevention strategies after receiving the genetic results. CONCLUSION: Virtually all respondents had a personal and/or family history of breast/ovarian cancer. Although pretest and posttest communications were not standardized, overall satisfaction with clinical breast cancer genetic testing was high. Additional follow-up will provide data on future cancer prevention practices and cancer incidence.

Download Full-text

Maryland adults' perspectives on oral cancer prevention and early detection

The Journal of the American Dental Association ◽

10.14219/jada.archive.2002.0329 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 133 (8) ◽

pp. 1058-1063 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

ALICE M. HOROWITZ ◽

MARIA T. CANTO ◽

WENDY L. CHILD

Keyword(s):

Oral Cancer ◽

Early Detection ◽

Cancer Prevention ◽

Prevention And Early Detection

Download Full-text

Breast cancer prevention strategies in lobular carcinoma in situ: A decision analysis

Cancer ◽

10.1002/cncr.30644 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 123 (14) ◽

pp. 2609-2617 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Stephanie M. Wong ◽

Natasha K. Stout ◽

Rinaa S. Punglia ◽

Ipshita Prakash ◽

Yasuaki Sagara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Decision Analysis ◽

Cancer Prevention ◽

Carcinoma In Situ ◽

Lobular Carcinoma ◽

Breast Cancer Prevention ◽

Prevention Strategies ◽

Lobular Carcinoma In Situ

Download Full-text

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of oral cancer prevention among students, interns, and faculty members at the college of dentistry of Jazan University

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-021-01973-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mosa A. Shubayr ◽

Ahmed M. Bokhari ◽

Afnan A. Essa ◽

Ali M. Nammazi ◽

Dania E. Al Agili

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Oral Cancer ◽

Early Detection ◽

Cancer Prevention ◽

Dental Students ◽

Faculty Members ◽

Attitudes And Practices ◽

The Past ◽

Health Practitioners ◽

Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Abstract Background Oral cancer awareness among current and future dental practitioners plays a substantial role in the early detection and prevention of oral cancer. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of oral cancer prevention (OCP) among oral health practitioners in the College of Dentistry at Jazan University, Saudi Arabia, and to determine factors that facilitate, or limit practices related to oral cancer prevention. Methods A self-administered questionnaire survey was done among dental students (n = 274), interns (n = 81), and faculty members (n = 117) in the College of Dentistry at Jazan University between May 2019 to February 2020. The questionnaire was developed in English and modified from a previously validated and published questionnaire into Arabic. It covered every KAP of oral cancer prevention that was useful in accomplishing the study's objectives. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to determine the factors associated with the practice of oral cancer prevention in the past year. Results Only 29.7% reported having participated in any OCP activities in the past 12 months while about 42% and 53% of participants referred suspected oral cancer patients to the departments of maxillofacial surgery and oral medicine, respectively. Most of the participants had poor knowledge (71.9%), unfavourable attitudes towards OCP (83.6%) and poor levels of practice (62.9%). The study found that the attitude of the participants was significant in influencing their practices of OCP in the previous 12 months, after adjusting for all other factors. Conclusion It was concluded that the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of OCP among the sample population was poor. The survey findings suggest that oral health practitioners in Jazan are inexperienced in the methods to adopt for prevention and early detection of oral cancer, despite the high prevalence of oral cancer among province residents. Further research should investigate effective educational strategies and training for improving the participation of students, interns, and faculty members in oral cancer prevention activities.

Download Full-text

Epidemiology and Implementation of Cancer Prevention in Disparate Populations and Settings

American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book ◽

10.1200/edbk_238965 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 50-60

Author(s):

Ana Maria Lopez ◽

Lauren Hudson ◽

Nathan L. Vanderford ◽

Robin Vanderpool ◽

Jennifer Griggs ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Health Promotion ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Health System ◽

Cancer Prevention ◽

Screening Test ◽

Health Workers ◽

Cancer Education ◽

Screening Tests ◽

Prevention Strategies

Successful cancer prevention strategies must be tailored to support usability. In this article, we will focus on cancer prevention strategies in populations that differ by race and ethnicity, place and location, sexual orientation and gender identity, and age by providing examples of effective approaches. An individual may belong to none of these categories, to all of these categories, or to some. This intersectionality of belonging characterizes individuals and shapes their experiences. Even within a category, broad diversity exists. Effective cancer prevention strategies comprehensively engage the community at multiple levels of influence and may effectively include lay health workers and faith-based cancer education interventions. Health system efforts that integrate cancer health with other health promotion activities show promise. At the individual physician level, culturally literate approaches have demonstrated success. For example, when discussing cancer screening tests with older adults, clinicians should indicate whether any data suggest that the screening test improves quality or quantity of life and the lag time to benefit from the screening test. This will allow older adults to make an informed cancer screening decision based on a realistic understanding of the potential benefits and risks and their values and preferences. Addressing individual and health system bias remains a challenge. Quality improvement strategies can address gaps in quality of care with respect to timeliness of care, coordination of care, and patient experience. The time is ripe for research on effective and interdisciplinary prevention strategies that harness expertise from preventive medicine, behavioral medicine, implementation science, e-health, telemedicine, and other diverse fields of health promotion.

Download Full-text