Macroeconomic Policy Frameworks for Resource-Rich Developing Countries - Background Paper 1

Policy Papers ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 (69) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Policy Frameworks ◽  
External Stakeholders ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
Resource Wealth ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Natural Resource Wealth ◽  
Macroeconomic Management

This paper provides deeper insights on a few themes with regard to the experience with macroeconomic management in resource-rich developing countries (RRDCs). First, some stylized facts on the performance of these economies relative to their non-resource peers are provided. Second, the experience of Fund engagement in these economies with respect to surveillance, programs, and technical assistance is assessed. Third, the experience of selected countries with good practices in the management of the natural resource wealth is presented. Fourth, the experience of IMF advice in helping RRDCs set up resource funds is discussed. Finally, the main themes and messages from the IMF staff consultation with external stakeholders (CSOs, policy makers, academics) are presented.

The Macroeconomic Management of Natural Resources

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Henstridge ◽  
Alan Roe
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Macroeconomic Policies ◽  
Resource Wealth ◽  
Natural Resource Wealth ◽  
Public Revenues ◽  
Macroeconomic Management

Managing natural resource wealth requires accommodating very large increases in investment, production, exports, and government revenues within the economy of the host country, and setting appropriate macroeconomic policies—especially fiscal, monetary, and exchange-rate policies—both to prevent resource wealth from destabilizing the economy and to ensure that its potential for economic development is maximized. This chapter focuses on the complexity of decision-making and policy on the unusual characteristics of the macroeconomic flows of the extractives sector: (i) foreign direct investment, production, exports, and revenues are often large; (ii) for each project there is a strong degree of uniformity in the sequence of activity from discovery through development to production; (iii) the non-renewable resource is finite, and so are the revenues; (iv) commodity prices are often volatile, hence public revenues can be also volatile.

scholarly journals What Turns a Blessing into a Curse? The Political Economy of Natural Resource Wealth (Invited Lecture)

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (4I) ◽  
pp. 351-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Mansoob Murshed
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Growth Failure ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Rent Seeking ◽  
Resource Rents ◽  
Resource Endowment ◽  
Resource Wealth ◽  
Natural Resource Wealth

I review the relationship between natural resource endowment type and economic growth in developing countries. Certain types of natural resources, such as oil and minerals, tend to exhibit concentrated production and revenue patterns, while revenue flows from other resources such as agriculture are more diffuse. Most developing countries that export products from the first group have been prone to growth failure in recent times. The most important channels are political economy mechanisms, where there are negative relationships between natural resource rents and institutional development. An explicit model of growth collapse with micro-foundations in rent-seeking contests that have increasing returns in rent-seeking outlays is presented.

scholarly journals Stakeholder management in PPP projects: external stakeholders’ perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chika Amadi ◽  
Patricia Carrillo ◽  
Martin Tuuli
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Stakeholder Management ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
External Stakeholder ◽  
External Stakeholders ◽  
Project Location ◽  
Internal Stakeholders

Purpose This paper focusses on external stakeholders’ perspective of stakeholder management in public–private partnerships (PPP) projects within the context of developing countries where public opposition to PPP projects is prevalent. The purpose of this paper is to identify the key enablers to PPP projects’ success from the perspective of external stakeholders. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from two case studies via semi-structured interviews in two PPP project locations in Nigeria. In total, 14 external stakeholders comprising community leaders, trade unionists and human right activist participated in the research. Findings Five key enablers of external stakeholder management were identified. These are as follows: the choice of project location; transparency of the internal stakeholders; timing of stakeholder engagement; knowledge of PPP; and relationship with internal stakeholders. Originality/value External stakeholders’ perspective of stakeholder management in PPP projects within the context of developing countries new to PPP has been established. The practical implications of the five enablers can be used by policy makers and industry professionals to ensure effective stakeholder management of PPP projects.

scholarly journals Primary Resources, Secondary Labor: Natural Resources and Immigration Policy

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 805-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian J Shin
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
Dutch Disease ◽  
Foreign Competition ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Business Interests ◽  
Resource Wealth ◽  
Natural Resource Wealth

AbstractThis article argues that substantial natural resource wealth leads to more restrictive low-skill immigration policy in advanced democracies. High-value natural resource production often crowds out labor-intensive firms that produce tradable goods. When these proimmigration business interests disappear due to deindustrialization, also known as the Dutch Disease, the proimmigration coalition weakens in domestic politics. Without strong business pressure for increased immigration, policy-makers close their doors to immigrants to accommodate anti-immigrant interests. Using a newly expanded dataset on immigration policy across twenty-four wealthy democracies, I find that oil-rich democracies are more likely to restrict low-skill immigration, especially when their economies are exposed to foreign competition in international trade. The results supplement the voter-based theories of immigration policy and contribute to an emerging literature on the political economy of natural resources and international migration.

scholarly journals Are we measuring natural resource wealth correctly? A reconceptualization of natural resource value in the era of climate change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Lebdioui
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resource ◽  
Resource Extraction ◽  
Resource Value ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Great Loss ◽  
Natural Resource Extraction ◽  
True Value ◽  
Resource Wealth ◽  
International Donors ◽  
Natural Resource Wealth

Underlying the management of revenues from natural resource extraction is a set of assumptions about how abundant and how valuable these resources are. Nevertheless, existing approaches to measuring the value of extractive resources are seriously flawed. This paper proposes two avenues for improving them. It explains how a multidimensional approach to measuring resource wealth can be used to identify the policy challenges that a country might face as it sets out its strategy for managing extractive revenues. It also provides a rethinking of the valuation of extractive wealth by integrating environmental considerations. Extractive activities can at times incur a great loss of (renewable) opportunity income, either directly or indirectly, because of their environmental impact. By analysing a range of examples from across the globe, this paper extracts key lessons on the true value of extractives and why it matters for policy makers, civil society, and international donors today.

Privatization model for water enterprise in Kenya

Water Policy ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 539-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. K'Akumu
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Private Sector Participation ◽  
Private Participation ◽  
Water Institutions ◽  
The World ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Legislative Review

The world over, the role and eligibility of the state in the provision of water supply is increasingly coming into question. Policy makers and analysts are advocating the abdication of the state in favour of private participation. This is expected to bring with it a host of benefits to all the stakeholders concerned. Kenya is one of the developing countries that have endeavoured to privatize their water sectors. Kenya has done this by enactment and implementation of the Water Act of 2002. The paper carries out an analysis of the water institutions being created under the new legislation. This has been done against conventional policy and conceptual frameworks. Overall, the institutional set-up is found to be public sector-oriented rather than private sector-oriented. Recommendations are made for legislative review for mainstreaming private sector participation.

Biosecurity: tools, behaviours and concepts

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-452
Author(s):  
Alan MacLeod ◽  
Nicola Spence
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
Harmful Organisms ◽  
The One ◽  
Biosecurity Practices

COVID 19 has raised the profile of biosecurity. However, biosecurity is not only about protecting human life. This issue brings together mini-reviews examining recent developments and thinking around some of the tools, behaviours and concepts around biosecurity. They illustrate the multi-disciplinary nature of the subject, demonstrating the interface between research and policy. Biosecurity practices aim to prevent the spread of harmful organisms; recognising that 2020 is the International Year of Plant Health, several focus on plant biosecurity although invasive species and animal health concerns are also captured. The reviews show progress in developing early warning systems and that plant protection organisations are increasingly using tools that compare multiple pest threats to prioritise responses. The bespoke modelling of threats can inform risk management responses and synergies between meteorology and biosecurity provide opportunities for increased collaboration. There is scope to develop more generic models, increasing their accessibility to policy makers. Recent research can improve pest surveillance programs accounting for real-world constraints. Social science examining individual farmer behaviours has informed biosecurity policy; taking a broader socio-cultural approach to better understand farming networks has the potential to change behaviours in a new way. When encouraging public recreationists to adopt positive biosecurity behaviours communications must align with their values. Bringing together the human, animal, plant and environmental health sectors to address biosecurity risks in a common and systematic manner within the One Biosecurity concept can be achieved through multi-disciplinary working involving the life, physical and social sciences with the support of legislative bodies and the public.

Some Simple Thoughts on Model Building for Developing Countries

1983 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henk C. Bos
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
Policy Advice ◽  
Production Functions ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Statistical Criteria ◽  
Simple Models

The revival of interest in using models for developing countries for planning and policy advice makes it desirable to draw lessons from past experience. Simple models, focussed on specific issues, are to be preferred to large and comprehensive models. More empirical research is needed on supply and production functions for developing countries. Not statistical criteria but developmental considerations must determine the conclusions to be drawn from models. More explicit explanations of assumptions and modesty in presenting results of modelling work to policy makers are desirable.

scholarly journals Health technology assessment in sub-Saharan Africa: a descriptive analysis and narrative synthesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Hollingworth ◽  
Ama Pokuaa Fenny ◽  
Su-Yeon Yu ◽  
Francis Ruiz ◽  
Kalipso Chalkidou
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Health Technology Assessment ◽  
Technology Assessment ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Narrative Synthesis ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are moving towards universal health coverage. The process of Health Technology Assessment (HTA) can support decisions relating to benefit package design and service coverage. HTA involves institutional cooperation with agreed methods and procedural standards. We systematically reviewed the literature on policies and capacity building to support HTA institutionalisation in SSA. Methods We systematically reviewed the literature by searching major databases (PubMed, Embase, etc.) until June 2019 using terms considering three aspects: HTA; health policy, decision making; and SSA. We quantitatively extracted and descriptively analysed content and conducted a narrative synthesis eliciting themes from the selected literature, which varied in study type and apporach. Results Half of the 49 papers identified were primary research studies and mostly qualitative. Five countries were represented in six of ten studies; South Africa, Ghana, Uganda, Cameroon, and Ethiopia. Half of first authors were from SSA. Most informants were policy makers. Five themes emerged: (1) use of HTA; (2) decision-making in HTA; (3) values and criteria for setting priority areas in HTA; (4) involving stakeholders in HTA; and (5) specific examples of progress in HTA in SSA. The first one was the main theme where there was little use of evidence and research in making policy. The awareness of HTA and economic evaluation was low, with inadequate expertise and a lack of local data and tools. Conclusions Despite growing interest in HTA in SSA countries, awareness remains low and HTA-related activities are uncoordinated and often disconnected from policy. Further training and skills development are needed, firmly linked to a strategy focusing on strengthening within-country partnerships, particularly among researchers and policy makers. The international community has an important role here by supporting policy- relevant technical assistance, highlighting that sustainable financing demands evidence-based processes for effective resource allocation, and catalysing knowledge-sharing opportunities among countries facing similar challenges.

Distributional Weights in Benefit-Cost Analysis: Examples from Rwanda and Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles B. Moss ◽  
Andrew Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Systematic Variation ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Small Producer ◽  
Agricultural Research And Development ◽  
Benefit Cost

Abstract The question of how to allocate scarce agricultural research and development dollars is significant for developing countries. Historically, benefit/cost analysis has been the standard for comparing the relative benefits of alternative investments. We examine the potential of shifting the implicit equal weights approach to benefit/cost analysis, as well as how a systematic variation in welfare weights may affect different groups important to policy makers. For example, in the case of Rwandan coffee, a shift in the welfare weights that would favor small coffee producers in Rwanda over foreign consumers of Rwandan coffee would increase the support for investments in small producer coffee projects. Generally, changes in welfare weights alter the ordering for selecting investments across alternative projects.

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