scholarly journals Mental Illness Stigma. A Comparative Cross-sectional Study of Social Stigma, Internalized Stigma and Self-esteem

2021 ◽  
pp. 000-000
Author(s):  
Clara González-Sanguino ◽  
Sara González-Domínguez ◽  
Miguel A. Castellanos ◽  
Manuel Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mental Illness Stigma ◽  
Internalized Stigma ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Internalized Stigma in Persons With Mental Illness in Qatar: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahe Kehyayan ◽  
Ziyad Mahfoud ◽  
Suhaila Ghuloum ◽  
Tamara Marji ◽  
Hassen Al-Amin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Internalized Stigma ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Major Barrier

Stigma impacts persons with mental illness (PWMI), their families and network of friends, the public and health care professionals. Stigma is a major barrier for PWMI to seeking treatment, which contributes to the burden of disease, disability, and mortality. Research on stigma is relatively scant in the Middle East region and particularly in Qatar. To address stigma effectively in each culture, it is essential to study its nature in the context where the PWMI experience stigma. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of internalized stigma in PWMI in Qatar. A cross-sectional study of PWMI receiving outpatient mental health services in Qatar was done. We interviewed 417 PWMI using a modified 18-item version of the short form of the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) Scale. Descriptive and regression models were used to analyze the data. The Cronbach alpha for the modified 18-items ISMI was 0.87. Participants' average score on this scale was 2.07 ± 0.38 with 41 (9.8%) of them scoring more than 2.5 which is considered “high” stigma score. In multivariate logistic regression, high stigma (modified ISMI score >2.5) was significantly higher among PWMI with no formal education and among those who reported lower levels of social support. The reported levels of internalized stigma in this vulnerable population of Qatar fall at the lower spectrum reported worldwide. An anti-stigma education program designed for the context of Qatar emphasizing on education and support for PWMI may be conducive to creating an all-inclusive society.

scholarly journals Prevalence of self-stigma and its association with self-esteem among psychiatric patients in a Nepalese teaching hospital: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanta Maharjan ◽  
Bimala Panthee
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Diagnostic Category ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stigma Scale ◽  
Stereotype Endorsement

Abstract Background Stigma against mental illness cuts across all age, religion, ethnic origin or socio-economic status. Similarly, self-stigma among psychiatric patients is also prevalent worldwide. The consequences of self-stigma are low self-esteem, increased severity of symptoms, low treatment adherence, increased rate of suicidality and decreased quality of life. Thus, this study aims to find the prevalence of self-stigma and its association with self-esteem of patients with mental illness in Nepal. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 180 patients with mental illness attending a psychiatric Outpatient Department (OPD). Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used for the study. The data was collected by face to face interview technique. Structured interview schedule questionnaire (brief version of internalized stigma scale and Rosenberg self-esteem scale) was used to collect the data. Descriptive statistics, inferential statistics and correlation analysis were used for data analysis. P value was set at 0.05. Results Overall prevalence of self-stigma was 54.44%. Among those who had self-stigma 48% had mild self-stigma, 34.7% had moderate self-stigma and 17.3% had severe self-stigma. Among the five components of self-stigma scale, the highest mean score was on stereotype endorsement, followed by discrimination experience, social withdrawal, stigma resistance, and the lowest for the component of alienation. Furthermore, strong negative correlation (r = − 0.74) was found between self-stigma and self-esteem. The correlation was still significant (r = − 0.69) after controlling for socio-demographic and clinical variables. Hospital admission and diagnostic category of respondents were significantly associated with self-stigma. However, no significant association was found between socio-demographic variables and self-stigma. Conclusion Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that self-stigma is prevalent among psychiatric patients in Nepal. Most of the respondents experienced stereotype endorsement. Also, higher self-stigma is significantly associated with poor self-esteem suggesting self-stigma reduction programs. Furthermore, strong negative relationship between self-stigma and self-esteem suggests some causal relationship studies to confirm if self-esteem enhancement program can be beneficial to reduce self-stigma among psychiatric patients.

HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN KELUARGA DENGAN HARGA DIRI (SELF ESTEEM) PENDERITA TUBERKULOSIS PARU DI WILAYAH EKS KAWEDANAN INDRAMAYU

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Dedeh Husnaniyah
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Tuberkulosis Paru merupakan penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Dampak TB Paru adalah penurunan daya tahan tubuh, kelemahan fisik, merugikan secara ekonomis dan dapat mengakibatkan isolasi sosial. Keadaan tersebut dapat mempengaruhi harga diri penderita TB Paru. Perubahan harga diri pada penderita TB Paru dapat mempengaruhi keberhasilan pengobatan, sehingga dibutuhkan adanya dukungan keluarga. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh dukungan keluarga terhadap harga diri penderita TB Paru di Wilayah Puskesmas Eks Kawedanan Indramayu tahun 2015. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analitik dengan rancangan penelitian cross sectional study. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan tekhnik total sampling sebayak 45 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penderita TB Paru yang memiliki harga diri tinggi sebanyak 23 responden (51,1%) dan yang memiliki harga diri rendah sebanyak 22 responden (48,9%), penderita TB Paru yang mendapatkan dukungan keluarga sebanyak 26 responden (57,8 %) dan yang tidak mendapatkandukungan keluarga sebanyak 19 (42,2 %). Responden yang mendapatkan dukungan keluarga lebih banyak yang memiliki harga diri tinggi dibandingkan dengan responden yang tidak mendapatkan dukungan keluarga yaitu 69,6% dengan nilai p value = 0,047 (< 0,05). Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat hubungandukungan keluarga denganharga diri penderita TB Paru. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi masukan bagi pemegang program TB untuk memberikan konseling terkait pentingnya dukungan keluarga bagi penderita TB Paru.

Violence Against Women During COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052199795
Author(s):  
Marwan Akel ◽  
Jana Berro ◽  
Clara Rahme ◽  
Chadia Haddad ◽  
Sahar Obeid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Living Together ◽  
Stress Score

The objectives of this study were to correlate several factors - including depression, anxiety, stress and self-esteem levels in both men and women - with the occurrence of domestic violence against women (VAW) during quarantine. This cross-sectional study was carried out in April 2020, in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic when lockdown procedures were implemented; 86 married couples participated in this study amounting to 172 responses in total. A different questionnaire was set for women and men; the couple filled out their respective questionnaire simultaneously, but privately where one did not see the answers of the other. Inclusion criteria included married couples of all ages that are living together during the lockdown of COVID-19. The results of this study showed that a higher total abuse score was found in 39 females (45.3%; CI: 0.34 - 0.56). Being a Muslim female (Beta =24.80) and females having higher anxiety (Beta=0.97) were significantly associated with higher total abuse scores, whereas higher stress score in female (Beta=-0.61) was significantly associated with lower total abuse scores. In conclusion, this study focuses on VAW as a serious problem while demonstrating its further emergence during quarantine. This study also focused on the effects brought on by lockdown policies, including social and economic factors, and their implications in the increase of VAW during this pandemic.

scholarly journals Comparing self-perceived global self-esteem and physical self-esteem among children and adolescents in Southeastern Sweden, investigated in 2000 and 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Raustorp ◽  
Andreas Fröberg
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Grade Levels ◽  
Grade 5 ◽  
Grade 8

AbstractObjectivesTo compare self-perceived global self-esteem (GSE) and physical self-esteem (PSE) among children and adolescents aged 11 and 14 years in Southeastern Sweden, investigated in 2000 and 2017.MethodsThe present study consists of two independent cross-sectional study-cohorts from Southeastern Sweden, investigated in 2000 and 2017. The same protocol, procedures, and instruments were used in 2000 and 2017. In October 2000, data for self-perceived GSE and PSE, and anthropometry were collected from 11-years old children (Grade 5) (n=74) and 14-years old adolescents (Grade 8) (n=84). In October 2017, children (n=186) and adolescents (n=140) from the same grade-levels, schools and classrooms provided data for the same variables as in 2000. GSE and PSE were assessed with the Children and Youth Physical Self-Perception Profile (CY-PSPP).ResultsSelf-perceived GSE was higher in 2017 as compared to 2000 among both 11-years old boys (p<0.001) and girls (p<0.001) and 14-years old boys (p=0.008) and girls (p<0.001). Similarly, self-perceived PSE was higher in 2017 as compared to 2000 among both 11-years old boys (p<0.001) and girls (p=0.023) and 14-years old boys (p=0.025) and girls (p=0.002).ConclusionsSelf-perceived GSE and PSE among children and adolescents aged 11 and 14 years in Southeastern Sweden were higher in 2017 as compared to 2000. These results are not in agreement with the increased psychological ill-health as being reported among children and adolescents during the last decade in Sweden.

scholarly journals Magnitude of internalised stigma and associated factors among people with bipolar disorder at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e044824
Author(s):  
Shegaye Shumet ◽  
Bethlehem W/Michele ◽  
Dessie Angaw ◽  
Temesgen Ergete ◽  
Nigus Alemnew
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
Poor Social Support

ObjectivesTo assess the magnitude of internalised stigma and associated factors among patients with bipolar disorder attending the outpatient department of Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.DesignInstitution-based cross-sectional study design.SettingAmanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.ParticipantsWe recruited about 418 participants using systematic sampling technique for an interview during the study period.MeasurementData were collected by face-to-face interviews. Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness scale was used to measure internalised stigma. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Oslo-3 Social Support were instruments used to assess the associated factors. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to identify factors associated with the outcome variable. ORs with 95% CI were computed to determine the level of significance.ResultsThe magnitude of internalised stigma was 24.9% (95% CI: 21.2% to 28.9%). In the multivariate analysis, unemployed (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.3, 95% CI: 1.0 to 5.0), unable to read and write (AOR=3.3, 95% CI: 1.05 to 10.7), poor social support (AOR=5.3, 95% CI: 1.9 to 15.0), ≥4 previous hospitalisations due to bipolar disorder (AOR=2.6, 95% CI: 1.1 to 6.1) and low self-esteem (AOR=2.4, 95% CI: 1.1 to 5.1) had a significant association with internalised stigma.ConclusionsOne in four patients with bipolar disorder reported high internalised stigma. Unemployment, low educational status, low self-esteem, poor social support and being hospitalised more than three times before were significantly associated with internalised stigma. Thus, a stigma-reduction programme focusing on self-esteem improvement and psychological health of patients to increase their stigma resistance to counteracting effects of internalised stigma is essential.

Social stigma in severe mental illness in Tunisia: Clinical and socio-demographic correlates

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S577-S577 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Ouali ◽  
R. Jomli ◽  
R. Nefzi ◽  
H. Ouertani ◽  
F. Nacef
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionMental patients generally internalize some of the negative conceptions about how most people view them: they might be considered incompetent or untrustworthy or believe that people would not want to hire, or marry someone with mental illness. A lot of research on stigma has been conducted in western countries; however, little is still known on the situation in Arab-Muslim societies.ObjectivesTo evaluate social stigma as viewed by patients suffering from severe mental illness (SMI)MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study on clinically stabilized patients with schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder (BD) according to DSM IV, who were interviewed in our out-patients clinic with the help of a semi-structured questionnaire, containing 8 opinions on the social inclusion and stigmatization of psychiatric patients, with special reference to the local cultural context (e.g.: “It is better to hide mental illness in order to preserve the reputation of my family”)ResultsWe included 104 patients, 51% with schizophrenia and 49% with BD. Mean age was 38.4 years (18–74 years); 59.6% were males. Overall social stigma scores were high. Social stigma in patients was correlated with gender, age, place of residence and diagnosis. Patients with BD showed significantly less social stigma than patients with schizophrenia.ConclusionOur results show the need for a better understanding of this phenomenon in patients with SMI, but also within Tunisian society, in order to elaborate anti stigma strategies adapted to the local context.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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