scholarly journals Kijksluiters: kijken naar gesprekken tussen apotheker en patiënt

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-258
Author(s):  
Else Bosma ◽  
Daniël Janssen ◽  
Henk Pander Maat
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Package Insert ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Information Leaflet ◽  
Observation Study ◽  
Written Information ◽  
Communication Problems ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract Kijksluiters: watching conversations between pharmacists and patients As of 1975, Dutch patients receive a package insert with their medication. Due to extensive national and EU legal regulation efforts, the insert developed into a mandatory genre par excellence. However, its communicative functionality remained doubtful: the patient information leaflet has always been regarded as lengthy, complex and user-unfriendly. Recently, the Dutch Medicine Board has introduced a new, audiovisual medication instruction, the so-called Kijksluiter, that shows a video animation of a conversation about the medicine between a pharmacist and a patient. After a historical introduction, the second section of the paper surveys empirical studies that shed light on the main design parameters of the new genre: spoken instead of written information, animated speakers, dialogue instead of monologue. In the third part, we report on an observation study in which 16 users answer 9 scenario questions using a Kijksluiter video. The results indicate that Kijksluiters are not without user problems. Overall, two-thirds of the answers are more or less correct. Half of the participants first watched the video in its entirety before attending to the questions. The main problem this group encountered is: insufficient recollection of the relevant information. The other half of the participants navigated the Kijksluiter for each question, using the menu offering twelve small chapters. The main problems in this group was not finding the question-relevant chapter; but even after listening to the relevant information, some answers are incorrect. We conclude that, although Kijksluiter does not immediately solve all medication communication problems, its concise audiovisual format broadens the range of media available for medicine users.

PRACTICES AND ALGORITHM OF INFORMING OF CONSUMERS ABOUT HEALTH RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH ANTIBIOTICS RESIDUES IN FOOD

2018 ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
A.O. Barg
Keyword(s):  
Risk Communication ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Opinion Leaders ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Social Networking Services ◽  
Communication Problems ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Antibiotics Residues

The practices of risk communication on the problem of residues of antibiotics in foodstuffs in modern Russia are described based on the results of in-depth expert interviews. Several risk communication problems connected with the lack of relevant information about the theme, low efficiency of traditional information channels, and insufficient activity of key informants have been identified. The algorithm and basic principles of risk communication between authorities, food producers and consumers are proposed. It is proved that using of social media, social networking services and «new opinion leaders» (such as bloggers) can increase the effectiveness of health risks communication in modern society.

Kybernetická bezpečnosť – analýza legislatívneho prostredia Slovenskej republiky a aktivít na národnej a medzinárodnej úrovni

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-60
Author(s):  
Michaela Šimonová ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Security System ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Information And Communication

The arrival of information and communication technologies is nothing new. The number of people using these technologies and moving in cyberspace is growing, and therefore it is an important role of the state to respond sufficiently to such developments. A fundamental role of the state is to create a stable security system consisting of complex legislation as well as creation of a legislative environment capable of responding flexibly to the growing number of diverse incidents in cyberspace. Sufficient legal regulation consisting of unambiguous determination of competencies and tasks of individual subjects represents the basic pillar for the creation of a stable security system. The role of the state is also to maintain existing and create new partnerships with organizations that are able to provide relevant information and knowledge in the field of cyber security.

scholarly journals The Value of Abstraction

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark K Ho ◽  
David Abel ◽  
Tom Griffiths ◽  
Michael L. Littman
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Abstract Representations ◽  
Learning Research ◽  
Crucial Ingredient ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shed Light

Agents that can make better use of computation, experience, time, and memory can solve a greater range of problems more effectively. A crucial ingredient for managing such finite resources is intelligently chosen abstract representations. But, how do abstractions facilitate problem solving under limited resources? What makes an abstraction useful? To answer such questions, we review several trends in recent reinforcement-learning research that provide insight into how abstractions interact with learning and decision making. During learning, abstraction can guide exploration and generalization as well as facilitate efficient tradeoffs---e.g., time spent learning versus the quality of a solution. During computation, good abstractions provide simplified models for computation while also preserving relevant information about decision-theoretic quantities. These features of abstraction are not only key for scaling up artificial problem solving, but can also shed light on what pressures shape the use of abstract representations in humans and other organisms.

scholarly journals ENSURING COMPENSATION FOR DAMAGE CAUSED BY CRIMINAL OFFENSES AS A RESULT OF SCAMMING ACTIVITIES IN THE FIELD OF TOURISM

2020 ◽  
pp. 369-376
Author(s):  
Г. В. Захарова
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Information ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
Legislative Proposals ◽  
Compensation For Damage ◽  
Legal Compensation

The purpose of the article is to study the legal regulation and law enforcement practices on compensation for victims of criminal proceedings due to fraud in the field of tourism, identify problematic aspects in this direction, and make regulatory legislative proposals to improve legal compensation for victims of criminal proceedings. The article considers some issues related to compensation for damage caused by a criminal offense as a result of fraudulent acts in the field of tourism. The issues of legal regulation under domestic legislation and the legislation of individual European countries on compensation by the state for damage caused to victims are analyzed. It is emphasized that the priority for victims of fraudulent criminal acts is the requirement of compensation for damage, as well as the issue of compensation, compensation for such damage. It turns out that the voluntary compensation of victims by criminals directly depends on the quality and totality of the indictments collected against them, which fully expose their criminal activities. Meanwhile, the legislator did not pay enough attention to the possibility of voluntary compensation for damage to the person who caused it, as well as the benefits of voluntary compensation for damage. The legal provisions to be settled on this issue are indicated. Emphasis is placed on the need for timely pre-trial investigation of relevant traditional measures aimed at finding and locating, staying, both movable and immovable property, securities, jewelry, etc., which may be seized, in order to ensure compensation to the victim. damage. Emphasis is placed on the effectiveness and expediency of using the capabilities of IT technologies of relevant information resources, Internet services, and monitoring of websites that contain information that can help find as soon as possible the property of criminals who can be seized. At the same time, it is noted that the creation and proper functioning of the state fund for compensation to victims of crimes will be an additional constitutional guarantee that will only strengthen human security and increase the overall authority of the state.

Towards Human-Centered AI: Psychological concepts as foundation for empirical XAI research

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Weitz
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Mental Models ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
End Users ◽  
User Needs ◽  
Specific Task ◽  
Explainable Ai ◽  
First Results ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Psychological Concepts

Abstract Human-Centered AI is a widely requested goal for AI applications. To reach this is explainable AI promises to help humans to understand the inner workings and decisions of AI systems. While different XAI techniques have been developed to shed light on AI systems, it is still unclear how end-users with no experience in machine learning perceive these. Psychological concepts like trust, mental models, and self-efficacy can serve as instruments to evaluate XAI approaches in empirical studies with end-users. First results in applications for education, healthcare, and industry suggest that one XAI does not fit all. Instead, the design of XAI has to consider user needs, personal background, and the specific task of the AI system.

The Internationalization Efforts of Small Internet Retailers

2003 ◽  
pp. 246-258
Author(s):  
Anand Ramchand ◽  
Shan-Ling Pan
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Customer Base ◽  
Internet Retail ◽  
Shed Light

For the Internet retailers that have managed to dominate through the dot.com fallout, the next step for many is to leverage the technology to expand their operations to a regional or global customer base. However, the internationalization of e-tail differs significantly from traditional retail because of the compounding effect of the Internet, and empirical studies are deficient in the field. This chapter studies the internationalization efforts of three small Internet retail enterprises, highlighting the issues they faced in expanding their operations to service an international customer base. The study reveals their insights and experiences in terms of access to foreign markets, infrastructure considerations, and localization strategies. Through an understanding of these issues, it is hoped that further research will shed light into the intricate relationship between internationalization and Internet retail and the factors that influence it.

Introduction: Towards a global sociology of care and care work

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte Aulenbacher ◽  
Helma Lutz ◽  
Birgit Riegraf
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Social Recognition ◽  
Care Work ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Organisation Of Care ◽  
The Social ◽  
Care Situation ◽  
Art Research ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Global Sociology

Although care and care work have always formed a theme of fundamental social significance, neither has had much social recognition nor sociological attention commensurate with this importance. In this Current Sociology monograph we want to move the discussion forward towards a global sociology of care and care work. The contributions focus on both theoretical and empirical studies about care relations and their global interrelations. To shed light on the dynamics that characterise the social organisation of care and care work, the monograph has been structured around three significant tendencies in the international sociology of care: (a) the marketisation and the de-commodification of care and care work; (b) the transnationalisation of labour and policies; and (c) new forms of governance and social statehood. The articles in this monograph present state of the art research reflecting on the care-situation, -arrangements and -regimes all over the globe.

Midwifery students’ reactions to ethical dilemmas encountered in outpatient clinics

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 1542-1555
Author(s):  
Serap Ejder Apay ◽  
Ayşe Gürol ◽  
Elif Yağmur Gür ◽  
Sarah Church
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Professional Ethics ◽  
Ethics Education ◽  
Moral Distress ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Intrauterine Device ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Written Information

Background: Midwives are required to make ethical decisions with the support of respective codes of professional ethics which provide a framework for decision making in clinical practice. While each midwife should be ethically aware and sensitive to the ever-changing issues within reproduction, few empirical studies have examined the views of student midwives in relation to reproductive ethical dilemmas. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore midwifery students’ reactions to a number of ethical dilemmas relating to women’s experiences of reproductive decision making. Design: A series of focus groups were conducted with midwifery students who were asked to discuss five culturally significant scenarios including issues of knowledge acquisition regarding methods of family planning, removal or insertion of an intrauterine device, and abortion. Setting: A University in Turkey was the setting for this study. Participants: Purposeful sampling was adopted which resulted in five focus groups with a total of 57 midwifery students. Ethical considerations: The study was reviewed and granted formal ethical approval by an ethical committee at the Faculty of Health Science in Atatürk University. The head of the Faculty of Health Science approved the investigation. The participants received both oral and written information about the study and they gave their consent. Results: Five themes were identified from the analysis of the focus group data related to all five scenarios. These themes were ‘the right to information’, ‘choice and protection’, ‘parental rights and welfare of the women’, ‘make a decision’ and ‘women rights and sexual abuse’. Conclusion: This study has shown that while students respected women’s choice, they also expressed great ambivalence in some situations when personal values conflict with dominant societal beliefs and professional ethics. A focus on ethics education to include human rights is suggested as a means to enable students to explore their own social-value judgements, and as a means to limit the possible development of ethical confusion and moral distress.

Educating patients and relatives about electroconvulsive therapy: the use of an information leaflet

1993 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Jenaway
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
American Study ◽  
Information Leaflet ◽  
Full Understanding ◽  
Written Information ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Knowledge Questionnaire

Several studies in the United Kingdom have highlighted the lack of knowledge that patients show about electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), both before treatment starts (Malcolm, 1989) and after it is completed (Freeman & Kendell, 1980; Hughes et al, 1981), with only 10 to 15% of patients having a full understanding of the treatment. In an American study (Baxter et al, 1986) patients seemed slightly better informed; this might be because they were given written information. However, subjects who watched a videotape of someone having the treatment did not score higher on a knowledge questionnaire than a control group and the authors postulated a ‘ceiling effect’. Bird (1979) demonstrated that access to media coverage about ECT improved patients' knowledge without increasing anxiety about the treatment.

Unique Roles for Students in Practitioner-Focused Doctoral Programs: Mentoring Practices for an Evolving Landscape

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Block-Lerner ◽  
Kelly S. McClure ◽  
Frank L. Gardner ◽  
Andrew T. Wolanin
Keyword(s):  
Doctoral Programs ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Extant Literature ◽  
Mentoring Practices ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Professional Outcomes ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Shed Light

Studies suggest that training that culminates in the doctor of psychology (PsyD) degree is characterized by heterogeneity. However, elements of most of these practitioner-focused doctoral programs (e.g., larger class sizes, shorter periods of training, less funding for students), as well as the widely varying professional outcomes that they lead to, offer unique challenges and opportunities regarding mentoring. This article aims to (a) trace the development and current status of controversies surrounding the PsyD model; (b) determine the unique roles in which graduates of well-designed and scientifically grounded PsyD programs may be equipped to serve; and (c) drawing on the (limited) extant literature, offer recommendations for mentoring and other elements of training for these practitioner-focused programs. Finally, we offer suggestions for future empirical studies to shed light on the relative value of various training practices.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document