scholarly journals Biodegradation Of Iron Industry And Gold Industrial Wastewater By White Rot Fungi – Calocybe Indica & Agaricus Bisporus Comparative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 431-441
Author(s):  
Mahesha V ◽  
◽  
Dr. Chitra P ◽  
R. Ragunathan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Calocybe Indica

Increasing discharge and improper management of liquid and solid industrial wastes have created a great concern among industrialists and the scientific community over their economic treatment and safe disposal. Hence, there is a growing need for the development of novel, efficient, eco-friendly, and cost-effective approach for the remediation for these industries released into the environment and to safeguard the ecosystem. In this regard, recent advances in wastewater of heavy metal have propelled bioremediation as a prospective alternative to conventional techniques. Heavy metals are toxic and dangerous to the ecosystem. White rot fungi (WRF) are versatile and robust organisms having enormous potential for oxidative bioremediation of a variety of toxic chemical pollutants due to high tolerance to toxic substances in the environment. The decolorization and detoxification potential of WRF can be harnessed thanks to emerging knowledge of the physiology of these organisms as well as of the bio catalysis and stability characteristics of their enzymes. This knowledge will need to be transformed into reliable and robust waste treatment processes.

scholarly journals Zahn-Wellens Test in Industrial Wastewater Biodegradability Assessment

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewelina Płuciennik-Koropczuk ◽  
Sylwia Myszograj
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Chemical Reagents ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Degradation Degree ◽  
Industry Wastewater ◽  
Industrial Waste Treatment

Abstract Biodegradability of pollution contained in examined industrial wastewater was assessed according to methodology based on Zahn-Wellens (OECD 302B) test. The following kinds of wastewater were examined: - metal industry wastewater from aluminium pressure foundry; - wastewater from industrial waste treatment processes, such as: filtration waste, chemical reagents, coolants, water emulsions, oil wastes and other industrial wastes, galvanising waste treatment processes sludge. Samples COD value decrease in the subsequent days of the experiment proves that organic substances contained in the examined wastewater undergo gradual biodegradability in aerobic conditions. The highest biodegradability degree of aluminium pressure foundry wastewater equal 65.7% was noted during 28 day of the experiment. However, the minimum biodegradability degree equal 80% after 13 aeration days, which in Zahn-Wellens test allows to determine the examined substance to be biodegradable, has not been achieved. Meanwhile, Zahn-Wellens test conducted for wastewater from industrial waste treatment processes showed that in the day 14 of the process, high (87.1%) organic substance degradation degree, measured with COD value decrease, was achieved. Further aeration of the samples did not increase biodegradability, which equalled 87.9% after 28 days.

scholarly journals Potential of white-rot fungi for bioremediation

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 229-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronivaldo Rodrigues da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Waste Treatment ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Fungal Enzymes ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
By Products

Environmental applications of enzymes in biodegradation for preventing pollution by toxic byproducts warrants approaches that can be performed under mild conditions, are economically feasible and can replace the use of chemicals. Technologies involving physico-chemical methods, like incineration, dechlorination and UV oxidation, for waste treatment are not acceptable since they generate a lot of pollutants as by-products. To address these problems, environmental–friendly alternatives are required for bioremediation. In this context, fungal enzymes have emerged as a natural tool to detoxification of pollutants in environment, and the potential to convert toxic substances to less hazardous or non-hazardous forms. However, what are the effective advances by using white-rot fungi for bioremediation? Here, a brief discussion about the application of these fungi to detoxification of pollutants in environment has been considered.

Revalorizing Lignocellulose for the Production of Natural Pharmaceuticals and Other High Value Bioproducts

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 2475-2484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Congqiang Zhang ◽  
Heng-Phon Too
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Thermocellum ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Chemical Pretreatment ◽  
Significant Challenge ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Natural Medicine ◽  
Renewable Natural Resource

Lignocellulose is the most abundant renewable natural resource on earth and has been successfully used for the production of biofuels. A significant challenge is to develop cost-effective, environmentally friendly and efficient processes for the conversion of lignocellulose materials into suitable substrates for biotransformation. A number of approaches have been explored to convert lignocellulose into sugars, e.g. combining chemical pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. In nature, there are organisms that can transform the complex lignocellulose efficiently, such as wood-degrading fungi (brown rot and white rot fungi), bacteria (e.g. Clostridium thermocellum), arthropods (e.g. termite) and certain animals (e.g. ruminant). Here, we highlight recent case studies of the natural degraders and the mechanisms involved, providing new utilities in biotechnology. The sugars produced from such biotransformations can be used in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology for the complete biosynthesis of natural medicine. The unique opportunities in using lignocellulose directly to produce natural drug molecules with either using mushroom and/or ‘industrial workhorse’ organisms (Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) will be discussed.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan sistem rotary biological contactor menggunakan kultur Omphalina sp yang diimobilisasi pada tandan kosong kelapa sawit untuk absorbsi logam berat Cu2+ dan Hg2+ (Utilization of rotary biological contactor system using Omphalina sp immobilized on oil palm empty fruit bunch for absorption of heavy metals Cu2+ and Hg2+)

2017 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Firda DIMAWARNITA ◽  
Tri PANJI
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Enhanced Recovery ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches

Heavy metals such as lead, chromium, cadmium, copper, mercury, and arsenic which are industrial by-products can have negative impact on the environment if they not managed properly. Biosorption is environmentally-friendly waste treatment method. The advantage of biosorption compared to other waste treatment method is ecotechnology, which means effective, cheaper than chemical treatment and environmentally-friendly technology. Using the concept of bioremediation-based on microbial enhanced recovery of metals (MERM) allows the possibility of concentration process (bio-concentration) of metal content through the process of biosorption in microbial cells. The process of bio-concentration potentially to be applied on a commercial scale to increase the recovery of high-value commercial metals. This study aims to absorb Cu2 + and Hg2 + metals using Omphalina sp. cultured on empty fruit bunches (EFB) in rotary biological contactor (RBC) systems. The principle of this technique is waste containing metals was contacted with white rot fungi (WRF) Omphalina sp. which is attached to the surface of the media inside a reactor and then the final waste concentration was analyzed. This analysis was using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) device to measure the concentration of Cu2+ and Hg2+ metal ions and Freundlich isothermic equations for calculating maximum absorption power (q max). The highest absorption of Cu2+ ion is 0.3304 mg/g and Hg2+ is 0.074 mg/g for 6 hours. The adsorption capacity of Omphalina sp. for Cu2 + and Hg2 + solutions based on the Freundlich adsorption equation with maximum adsorption power for Cu2 + is 71.911 mg/g and Hg2+ is 20.216 mg/g. Biosorbent Omphalina sp. can be reused in biosorption process with percentage decrease of Cu2+ is4.30% (4.3 ppm) and Hg2 + is 27.80% (1.39 ppm) for 18 hours.[Key words : biosorption technique, empty fruit bunches, immobilization, rotary biological contactor , white rot fungi-Omphalina sp.] AbstrakLogam berat seperti timbal, krom, cadmium, tembaga, merkuri, dan arsen yang merupakan hasil samping industri dapat berdampak negatif terhadap lingkungan jika tidak dikelola dengan baik. Biosorpsi merupakan metode pengolahan limbah yang ramah lingkungan.  Keunggulan biosorpsi dibandingkan dengan metode pengolahan limbah yang lainnya adalah ekoteknologi yaitu teknologi efektif, murah dan ramah lingkungan. Melalui konsep bioremediasi berbasis microbial enhanced recovery of metals (MERM) memungkinkan terjadinya proses pemekatan (bio-konsentrasi) kandungan logam melalui proses biosorpsi dalam sel mikroba. Proses bio-konsentrasi tersebut berpeluang untuk diterapkan dalam skala komersial untuk meningkatkan recovery logam bernilai komersial tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meng-absorpsi logam Cu2+ dan Hg2+ menggunakan kultur Omphalina sp. pada media TKKS dalam sistem rotary biological contactor (RBC). Prinsip teknik ini yaitu limbah yang mengandung logam dikontakkan dengan kultur JPP Omphalina sp. yang melekat pada permukaan media di dalam suatu reaktor kemudian konsentrasi limbah akhir dianalisis kandungannya. Analisis ini mengguna-kan alat spektrometri serapan atom (SSA) untuk mengukur konsentrasiion logam Cu2+ dan Hg2+ dan persamaan isoterm Freundlich untuk menghitung daya absorbsi maksimum (q max). Penyerapan tertinggi ion Cu2+ sebesar 0,330 mg/g dan Hg2+ sebesar 0,074 mg/g selama 6 jam. Kapasitas adsorpsi Omphalina sp. terhadap larutan Cu2+ dan Hg2+ berdasarkan persamaan adsorpsi Freundlich dengan daya adsorpsi maksimumnya untuk Cu2+sebesar 71,911 mg/g dan untuk Hg2+ sebesar 20,216 mg/g. Biosorben Omphalina sp. dapat digunakan ulang dalam proses biosorpsi dengan persentase penurunan Cu2+ sebesar 4,30% (4,3 ppm) dan Hg2+ sebesar 27,80% (1,39 ppm) dalam waktu 18 jam.[Kata kunci : imobilisasi, jamur pelapuk putih Omphalina sp, rotary biological contactor, teknik biosorpsi logam, tandan kosong kelapa sawit.]

scholarly journals Application of integrated MBR in a centralized WTP for a chemical industrial park: A case study in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 594-598
Author(s):  
Zhang Jinsong ◽  
Liu Jerry
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Chemical Industrial Park ◽  
Porous Resin ◽  
Aerated Filter

Abstract Wastewaters from chemical industries usually contain pollutants which are toxic and non-biodegradable. Treatment of chemical wastewaters is always a challenging topic in view of the stringent environmental regulations that have to be adhered to. Since 2014, the Chinese government has been continuously tightening the industrial wastewater (IWW) discharge standards, which requires improved quality of IWW effluent. This poses great challenges to the chemical industries in China, especially to many of the chemical industry clusters where the wastewaters usually contain more toxic and non-biodegradable contaminants. Membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology has been proved to be a reliable and cost-effective solution for the treatment of IWW. However, MBR alone could not effectively remove non-biodegradable organics, it needs to be integrated with advanced oxidization process and/or other physical-chemical treatment processes to improve the overall treatment efficiency. In this paper, studies on the performance of different integrated MBR processes in Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant-A (IWTP-A) will be discussed, including Fenton + MBR, MBR + ozonation + biological aerated filter, and MBR + porous resin sorption.

Biodegradation, an Environmental Solution to Some Toxic Organic Compounds

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-138
Author(s):  
Dickson L. S. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Primary Site ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Stable Emulsion ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Pcb Biodegradation

The failure of conventional waste-treatment methods to solve problems associated with complex industrial wastes, suggests that we must re-examine our approach to this problem. Two distinct types of biodegradation, homogeneous and heterogeneous, have been recognized to occur in the environment and are distinguished according to the solubility or insolubility, respectively, of the compound involved. Unfortunately, many of the most persistent toxic compounds fall into the second or insoluble category, and conventional treatment processes are inefficient in dealing with them.Our studies have shown that the primary site of the biodegradation of these persistent compounds is at the substance–water interface and that the rate of such biodegradation can be greatly increased if the tested compound can be suspended in an aqueous phase as a fine stable emulsion. Our recent work on PCB biodegradation exemplifies the benefit of a multidisciplinary approach in solving environmental problems, and supports the need to continue fundamental research in such areas of applied environmental science.

Effect of Culture Technique of Ganoderma Australe Mycelia on Percentage Removal of Leachate Organics

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Wan Razarinah Wan Abdul Razak ◽  
Noor Zalina Mahmood ◽  
Noorlidah Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Percentage Removal ◽  
Ganoderma Australe ◽  
Biological Methods

Leachate (liquid pollutant), which is highly contaminated with organic matter and toxic substances is a major problem that arised from landfill. Biological methods have proven to be effective to remove organic matters that are abundant in leachate. This study is intended to compare the used of free mycelia and immobilized mycelia of the white-rot fungi, Ganoderma australe for the  removal of landfill leachate organics. The organics fraction of landfill leachate was measured by biological oxygen demand (BOD5), and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The experiment revealed that free mycelia of G. australe showed capability in removing leachate BOD5  but not COD. However, the use of immobilized G. australe displayed the best result in the removal of BOD5 and COD leachate after 4 weeks of treatment in flasks with 93.09% and 17.84% percentage removal of BOD5 and COD, respectively. Therefore, G. australe can be considered potentially useful in the treatment of landfill leachate as they can help in removing BOD and COD due to their biodegradative abilities.

Bio-pulping: An energy saving and environment-friendly approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Archana Gautam ◽  
Dharm Dutt
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Ligninolytic Enzymes ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Fungal Pretreatment

AbstractPretreatment of wood or other raw material with white-rot fungi (WRF) prior to pulping is known as biopulping. Lignin and hemicelluloses are removed selectively during early growth of WRF that produces enriched cellulose, known as selective delignification. Biopulping is considered as environment-friendly and cost-effective approach for delignification of lignocellulosic raw materials. The delignification efficiency of WRF during biopulping is directly related to ligninolytic enzymes production that is influence by several factors such as fungal strain, nature of raw material, oxygen availability, moisture content, pH, temperature, source of nitrogen, presence of Mn++ and Cu++ ions. The WRF, especially Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, Trametes versicolor and Phanerochaete chrysosporium, have been used dominantly for the purpose of biopulping. It is an energy saving process that also improves brightness of pulp and strength properties including tensile index, burst index and folding endurance of paper. Significant decrease in kappa number has also been attained by fungal pretreatment of raw materials. Biological pretreatment of raw material also reduces the requirement of pulping chemicals.

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