scholarly journals Productivity Development in the Construction Industry by International Comparison and at the Example of Human Capital

2021 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 01-20
Author(s):  
Matthias Bahr ◽  
Leif Laszig
Keyword(s):  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Management Quality ◽  
Conflicting Evidence ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Innovation And Technology ◽  
Human Skills

A downward trend on productivity growth rates has been observed since the 1970s of the twentieth century for construction sectors of western industrial countries. Despite conflicting evidence, numerous recent economic studies on growth research suggest that innovation and technology are significant drivers for productivity and growth. According to the OECD the lack or low level of employees' skills and qualifications might be in different ways a possible explanation for the observed slowdown of productivity growth. In this context, intrafirm behaviour has long been recognized as a potentially important driver for productivity. Results from surveys show that management practices have become more structured, in the sense of involving more data collection and analysis. Furthermore, a strong positive correlation between the measured management quality and firm performance can be observed. Studies suggest that there is a positive association between human skills and productivity.

Adoption and Impact of IT Governance and Management Practices

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven De Haes ◽  
Tim Huygh ◽  
Anant Joshi ◽  
Wim Van Grembergen
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Value Creation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
It Governance ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Governance Framework ◽  
Enterprise Value ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
Governance Processes

This paper empirically investigates how adoption of IT governance and management processes, as identified in the IT governance framework COBIT 5, relates to the level of IT-related goals achievement, which in turn associates to the level of enterprise goals achievement. Simultaneously, this research project provides an international benchmark on how organizations are currently adopting the governance and management processes as identified in COBIT 5. The findings suggest that organizations are best in adopting the “IT factory” related management processes and that implementation scores drop in management and governance processes when more business and board involvement is required. Additionally, there are significant differences in perceived implementation maturity of COBIT 5 processes between SMEs and larger organizations. Also, the data offers empirical evidence that the COBIT 5 processes have a positive association with enterprise value creation.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE CASE STUDY: MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES IN KOSOVO

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 222-229
Author(s):  
Arta Jashari ◽  
Enver Kutllovci
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Human Resource Management ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Hrm Practices ◽  
Human Resource Management Practices ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of human resource management practices on organizational performance. In this study a total of 100 managers of manufacturing firms in Kosovo from public and private sectors have responded to the survey. The survey questionnaire had contained 39 items covering selected HRM practices and organizational performance. Our empirical results show that managers of manufacturing firms in Kosovo recognize the importance of employees in their organization and apply practices to manage them effectively. The outcome of correlation analysis provides evidence that HRM practices positively and significantly influence organizational performance. Recruitment and selection practices show the strongest positive association with organizational performance (rho = 0.905) compared to other practices. Regarding to our findings we suggest that with a good recruiting and selection, the organization will fill with a group of potentially qualified candidates. Also, companies should continuously train and develop and involve their employees as they are viewed as the most important resources source of competitive advantage.

Impact of Ownership and Size on Operational Risk Management Practices: A Study of Banks in India

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 795-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Tandon ◽  
Yogieta S. Mehra
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Operational Risk ◽  
Test Reliability ◽  
Operational Risk Management ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Loss Data ◽  
The Impact

The financial crisis and resulting failure of large banks worldwide has shaken the entire world. Improper management of operational risk has been touted as one of the reasons for this failure. In light of the rising importance of operational risk management (ORM) in banks, the study explores the range of ORM practices followed by a cross section of Indian banks and compares them with the banks worldwide. The study also analyses the impact of size and ownership of banks on these practices. Reliability analysis using Cronbach alpha model, Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy and Bartlett’s test of sphericity was used to test reliability of questionnaire and justifies the use of factor analysis. Factor analysis was performed to extract the most important variables in ORM. The small size of bank was observed to be a deterrent to deep involvement of operational risk functionaries, collection and usage of external loss data and data collection and analysis. Further, the performance/preparedness of public sector and old private sector banks lagged behind peers in usage of key reporting components, such as risk and control self-assessment (RCSA), key risk indicators (KRI), scenarios, collection and usage of external loss data, data collection and analysis and quantification and modelling of operational risk.

Earnings Management and Stock Liquidity

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-84
Author(s):  
Hakan Özkaya
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Earnings Management ◽  
Trading Volume ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Discretionary Accruals ◽  
Market Liquidity ◽  
Stock Liquidity ◽  
Turnover Ratio ◽  
Liquidity Measures

This chapter tests whether the earnings management practices in Turkey are considered informative or opportunistic by outside investors by examining its effect on stock liquidity. Earnings management is measured by discretionary accruals calculated by two different competing methods. Stock liquidity is also proxied by two different measures: the illiquidity measure of Amihud and the turnover ratio. Amihud's illiquidity measure indicates firms' daily price responses associated with the trading volume and the turnover ratio indicates how many times a stock changes its owner in a year. Relevant control variables are also included in the models. A positive association between earnings management and stock liquidity implies informative earnings management and vice versa. Earnings management is found to be positively associated with stock market liquidity. Results favor the informative earnings management view for Turkish firms and are robust to alternative specifications of earnings management and stock liquidity measures.

scholarly journals Visual evoked potentials show strong positive association with intracranial pressure in patients with cryptococcal meningitis

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Adriano da Cunha Silva Vieira ◽  
Maria do Amparo Salmito Cavalcanti ◽  
Dorcas Lamounier Costa ◽  
Kelsen Dantas Eulálio ◽  
Otoni Cardoso do Vale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Lumbar Puncture ◽  
Visual Evoked Potentials ◽  
Cryptococcal Meningitis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Flash Visual Evoked Potentials ◽  
Strong Positive Association ◽  
Visual Evoked

Objective : To verify the relationship between intracranial pressure and flash visual evoked potentials (F-VEP) in patients with cryptococcal meningitis. Method The sample included adults diagnosed with cryptococcal meningitis admitted at a reference hospital for infectious diseases. The patients were subjected to F-VEP tests shortly before lumbar puncture. The Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient was calculated and the linear regression analysis was performed. Results : Eighteen individuals were subjected to a total of 69 lumbar punctures preceded by F-VEP tests. At the first lumbar puncture performed in each patient, N2 latency exhibited a strong positive correlation with intracranial pressure (r = 0.83; CI = 0.60 - 0.94; p < 0.0001). The direction of this relationship was maintained in subsequent punctures. Conclusion : The intracranial pressure measured by spinal tap manometry showed strong positive association with the N2 latency F-VEP in patients with cryptococcal meningitis.

scholarly journals Management, Organizational Performance, and Task Clarity: Evidence from Ghana’s Civil Service

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran Rasul ◽  
Daniel Rogger ◽  
Martin J Williams
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Partial Correlation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Management Quality ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Original Survey ◽  
And Task

Abstract We study the relationship between management practices, organizational performance, and task clarity, using observational data analysis on an original survey of the universe of Ghanaian civil servants across 45 organizations and novel administrative data on over 3,600 tasks they undertake. We first demonstrate that there is a large range of variation across government organizations, both in management quality and in task completion, and show that management quality is positively related to task completion. We then provide evidence that this association varies across dimensions of management practice. In particular, task completion exhibits a positive partial correlation with management practices related to giving staff autonomy and discretion, but a negative partial correlation with practices related to incentives and monitoring. Consistent with theories of task clarity and goal ambiguity, the partial relationship between incentives/monitoring and task completion is less negative when tasks are clearer ex ante and the partial relationship between autonomy/discretion and task completion is more positive when task completion is clearer ex post. Our findings suggest that organizations could benefit from providing their staff with greater autonomy and discretion, especially for types of tasks that are ill-suited to predefined monitoring and incentive regimes.

scholarly journals 127- I levels in Ontario Bulk Tank Milk and its Association with Groundwater, Milking Management, and Other Risk Factors

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney Rogerson
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
General Linear Regression Model ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

The objectives of the present study were to determine the iodine concentration in milk sampled from 80 commercial dairy farms located in eastern (n=58) and southwestern (n=22) Ontario, and to identify if the iodide content of groundwater consumed by the lactating herd, along with other factors, are associated with higher bulk milk iodine (BMI). A bilingual questionnaire addressing water consumption, nutrition, milking management practices, and well characteristics was completed by each producer. The 127I concentration in milk and groundwater samples was established using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Potential predictor variables were screened for univariable significance (p0.05), and a general linear regression model was fitted to assess associations between BMI and explanatory variables such as 127I in water, well depth and age, water treatment, the use of iodine-based pre or post-dips, application strategies and post-dip coverage goal. Results of the data analysis suggest that there is a strong positive correlation between the iodide content of groundwater and BMI levels (p0.001). Post-milking practices including the use of an iodine-based teat disinfectant, the application strategies of a post-milking teat disinfectant and overall coverage goal of the solution on teats were also significantly (p0.05) associated with increased BMI levels. These results suggest a significant association exists between BMI levels in relation to post-milking management practices and the iodine content in groundwater consumed by the lactating herd. Post-milking practices and drinking water containing excessive levels of iodine should be monitored frequently and where needed mitigation strategies implemented to prevent high BMI levels on farm.

scholarly journals Region-Specific Associations between Environmental Factors and Escherichia coli in Freshwater Beaches in Toronto and Niagara Region, Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12841
Author(s):  
Johanna Sanchez ◽  
Jordan Tustin ◽  
Cole Heasley ◽  
Mahesh Patel ◽  
Jeremy Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Environmental Predictors ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
E Coli

Poor freshwater beach quality, measured by Escherichia coli (E. coli) levels, poses a risk of recreational water illness. This study linked environmental data to E. coli geometric means collected at 18 beaches in Toronto (2008–2019) and the Niagara Region (2011–2019) to examine the environmental predictors of E. coli. We developed region-specific models using mixed effects models to examine E. coli as a continuous variable and recommended thresholds of E. coli concentration (100 CFU/100 mL and 200 CFU/100 mL). Substantial clustering of E. coli values at the beach level was observed in Toronto, while minimal clustering was seen in Niagara, suggesting an important beach-specific effect in Toronto beaches. Air temperature and turbidity (measured directly or visually observed) were positively associated with E. coli in all models in both regions. In Toronto, waterfowl counts, rainfall, stream discharge and water temperature were positively associated with E. coli levels, while solar irradiance and water level were negatively associated. In Niagara, wave height and water level had a positive association with E. coli, while rainfall was negatively associated. The differences in regional models suggest the importance of a region-specific approach to addressing beach water quality. The results can guide beach monitoring and management practices, including predictive modelling.

scholarly journals Cross-resistance of the pathogenic fungus Alternaria alternata to fungicides with different modes of action

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Na Yang ◽  
Meng-Han He ◽  
Hai-Bing Ouyang ◽  
Wen Zhu ◽  
Zhe-Chao Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Antimicrobial Compound ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
Sole Criterion

Abstract Background: Cross-resistance, a phenomenon that a pathogen resists to one antimicrobial compound also resists to one or several other compounds, is one of major threats to human health and sustainable food production. It usually occurs among antimicrobial compounds sharing the mode of action. In this study, we determined the sensitivity profiles of Alternaria alternata , a fungal pathogen which can cause diseases in many crops to two fungicides (mancozeb and difenoconazole) with different mode of action using a large number of isolates (234) collected from seven potato fields across China. Results: We found that pathogens could also develop cross resistance to fungicides with different modes of action as indicated by a strong positive correlation between mancozeb and difenoconazole tolerances to A. alternata . We also found a positive association between mancozeb tolerance and aggressiveness of A. alternata , suggesting no fitness penalty of developing mancozeb resistance in the pathogen and hypothesize that mechanisms such as antimicrobial compound efflux and detoxification that limit intercellular accumulation of natural/synthetic chemicals in pathogens might account for the cross-resistance and the positive association between pathogen aggressiveness and mancozeb tolerance. Conclusions: The detection of cross-resistance among different classes of fungicides suggests that the mode of action alone may not be an adequate sole criterion to determine what components to use in the mixture and/or rotation of fungicides in agricultural and medical sects. Similarly, the observation of a positive association between the pathogen’s aggressiveness and tolerance to mancozeb suggests that intensive application of site non-specific fungicides might simultaneously lead to reduced fungicide resistance and enhanced ability to cause diseases in pathogen populations, thereby posing a greater threat to agricultural production and human health. In this case, the use of evolutionary principles in closely monitoring populations and the use of appropriate fungicide applications are important for effective use of the fungicides and durable infectious disease management.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document